Durak, Halil2025-05-102025-05-1020201556-70361556-723010.1080/15567036.2019.16079472-s2.0-85064718572https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1607947https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14720/6890In this study, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. was transformed into liquid and solid products with catalysts (H3BO3, ZnO) and without catalyst at 250 degrees C, 300 degrees C, and 350 degrees C by using the hydrothermal liquefaction method. The obtained products were analyzed by the GC-MS, FT-IR, SEM, elemental analysis and(1)H NMR methods. The highest conversion rate was obtained as 35.73% (wt) using H(3)BO(3)as a catalyst at 350 degrees C. According to the results of the elemental analysis, the energy values of liquid products (light bio-oil, heavy bio-oil) ranged between 21.87 and 31.78 MJ kg(-1)and the energy values of solid products ranged between 16.22 and 18.28 MJ kg(-1). Catalysts showed different effects on compound types; while the H(3)BO(3)catalyst was active in the formation of the monoaromatic compounds, ZnO catalyst was effective in the formation of polyaromatic compounds.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessBio-FuelEnergyHydrothermal LiquefactionGlycyrrhiza Glabra LLiquoriceArticle