Khalili Golmankhaneh, A.Pham, D.Banchuin, R.Şevlï, H.2025-10-302025-10-3020251531-587810.1007/s00034-025-03338-92-s2.0-105017019269https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-025-03338-9https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14720/28803This paper presents a novel low-pass filtering framework based on Fractal First -order and Second -order designs, formulated within the framework of fractal calculus. By incorporating the structure of fractal time, the proposed filters can effectively process signals with intricate, non-differentiable characteristics. The fractal second -order low-pass filter is applied to a simulated noisy ECG signal, demonstrating significant noise suppression while preserving the essential morphological features of the waveform. A comparative study with the classical Bessel low-pass filter further illustrates the advantages of the fractal approach in capturing scale-invariant and self-similar properties of biomedical signals. These results highlight the potential of fractal-order filters for advanced biomedical signal processing. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessECG Signal ProcessingFractal FilterFractal α-Order FilterLow-Pass FilterArticleQ3Q2