Sahra, KhalilCetin, Adnan2026-04-022026-04-0220260038-70101532-228910.1080/00387010.2026.2644535https://hdl.handle.net/123456789/30233https://doi.org/10.1080/00387010.2026.2644535This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and theoretical investigation of 5-benzoyl-2-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-6-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one (BDP) to confirm its structural identity, properties, and potential applications in various fields. Experimental characterization techniques included FT-IR, Raman, UV-visible,1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Theoretical studies were conducted using the Gaussian 09 software with Density Functional Theory (DFT), employing the B3LYP functional and 6-31G (d, p) basis sets. Computational analyses encompassed optimized geometrical structures, UV-Vis spectra, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, and harmonic vibrational frequencies, with vibrational spectra interpretation assisted by the Vibrational Energy Distribution Analysis (VEDA4) program. NBO analysis confirmed the presence of intramolecular interactions such as electron delocalization and conjugative effects, while HOMO-LUMO energy calculations and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) demonstrated charge transfer within BDP. Experimental and theoretical results were found to be in excellent agreement. The antibacterial activity of BDP was evaluated using the well diffusion method against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with results indicating that BDP exhibited higher antibacterial activity than standard reference drugs. Furthermore, molecular docking studies assessed BDP's binding affinity to active sites of Staphylococcus aureus (PDB ID: 2W9S) and Escherichia coli (PDB ID: 1WXH). The docking results revealed strong interactions via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, highlighting BDP's potential as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Overall, this study demonstrates the promising structural, chemical, and biological properties of BDP, supporting its future application in antibacterial therapies.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessDFT CalculationsHeterocyclicHOMO-LUMOSpectroscopyPyridazinoneArticle