Golmankhaneh, Alireza KhaliliTejado, InesSevli, HamdullahValdes, Juan E. Napoles2025-05-102025-05-1020230096-30031873-564910.1016/j.amc.2023.1279802-s2.0-85150350145https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2023.127980https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14720/1059Khalili Golmankhaneh, Alireza/0000-0002-5008-0163; Sevli, Hamdullah/0009-0003-0258-031XIn this paper, we give a brief summary of fractal calculus. Fractal functional differential equations are formulated as a framework that provides a mathematical model for the phe-nomena with fractal time and fractal structure. Fractal retarded, neutral, and renewal delay differential equations with constant coefficients are solved by the method of steps and us-ing Laplace transform. The graphs of solutions are given to show the details.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessFractal CalculusFractal Delay Differential EquationsNeutral Delay Differential EquationsFractal Retarded Delay Differential EquationsArticle449Q1Q1WOS:000957156500001