Browsing by Author "Çak, B."

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Calculation of Power in Chi-Square and Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square Statistics by a Special Sas Macro
(2006) Özdemir, T.; Keskin, S.; Çak, B.
The goal of this study was relatively analyzed as to power in Chi-Square and Likelihood Ratio ChiSquare Statistics by using SAS special macro which is presented in Appendix. For the aim, data sets regarding questionnaire responses of 107 refugees were utilized. Contrary to other data sets (had power values with high-level), sample size for only data set 3 having power values with low-moderate level for both statistics were artificially increased from backward to forward and optimum samples sizes for Ch-Square and other were determined as 280 and 170, respectively. As a result, it was concluded that power of Chi-Square and Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square Statistics changed to some factors: the size of sample and combinations of all cells' frequencies of contingency table. Besides, it is possible that researchers can determine sample size which is suitable for each data set by means of special SAS macro in appendix. Moreover, ones should not forget that power concept in any statistic technique means reliability. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Growth Performances of Female and Male Holstein Calves Fed Milk and Milk Replacers
(Istanbul University, 2015) Bayril, T.; Yilmaz, O.; Çak, B.
The objective of this study was to compare growth performances of male and female Holstein calves fed milk and milk replacers. A total of 60 Holstein calves were used in the study. Calves were divided into three equal groups. In each group, there were 10 female and 10 male calves. Calves were offered colostrum for 3 days after birth and were weighed at fourth day for the trial. Initial body weights of calves in dietary treatments were statistically similar. The first, second and third groups were fed milk, milk replacer-I (CP 21% and CF 16.5%) and milk replacer-II (CP 24% and CF 18%), respectively. In addition to milk and milk replacers, calves were supplemented with ad libitum concentrate feed and alfalfa. Dietary treatment was significantly effective (P<0.05) on body weight of calves at 60 days of age. In conclusion, growth performances of calves increased with increasing protein content of milk replacer had better than those of calves fed milk replacer containing low-protein. Therefore, during the suckling period, in feeding of Holstein calves, milk or milk replacer containing high-protein should be preferred primarily.
Investigation of Genetic Polymorphisms of Csn1s1 and Blg Genes in Norduz Sheep by Pcr-Rflp Method
(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 2023) Çak, B.; Yılmaz, O.; Demirel, A.F.
This study was undertaken to examine genetic polymorphisms of Alpha-Si casein (CSN1S1) and β-Lactoglobulin (BLG) genes in Norduz sheep by PCR-RFLP method. CSN1S1 and BLG genes have known a significant effect on cheese making. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a molecular biology tool that reveals the difference between samples of homologous DNA molecules from differing locations of restriction enzyme sites.10 ml blood samples from 102 heads of Norduz sheep was used in the study.The genotypes of CSN1S1 and BLG genes was determination by PCR-RFLP method. Statistical analysis, after calculating allele and genotype frequencies by direct gene counting method, the distribution of observed and expected genotypic frequencies was determined according to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, and whether it was compatible with the x2 test.In the study conducted in Norduz sheep, polymorphism was observed in CSN1S1 and BLG genes. AA, AB and BB genotype frequencies of BLG gene were found to be 17.6%, 69.6% and 12.7%, respectively. It was determined that the BLG gene was not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. AA, AC and CC genotype frequencies of CSN1S1 gene were determined as 0.0%, 2.9% and 97.1%, respectively. The CSN1S1 gene was determined to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In conclusion, it was determined that the A allele and AB genotype of the BLG gene were more common, the C allele and the CC genotype of the CSN1S1 gene were more common however, the AA genotype was not observed in Norduz sheep. © 2023 B Çak, O Yılmaz, AF Demirel. All Rights Reserved.
A Study on Milk Compositions of Hair Goat and Saanen X Hair Goat Crossbreed (F1) Under Semi-Intensive Conditions
(Ankara University, 2021) Çak, B.; Yilmaz, O.; Ocak, E.; Demirel, A.F.
This study was carried out to evaluate compositions of milk from Hair goat and Saanen x Hair goat crossbreed (F1) under semi-intensive conditions. The research was conducted on 20 Hair goats and 20 Saanen x Hair goat crossbreed (F1) at Farm for Research and Application of Van Yuzuncu Yil University in Turkey. All the experimental goats were 3 years old and were raised under semi-intensive conditions. In the current study, the average fat, non-fat solid, protein, lactose, total solids, lactic acid, pH values of Hair and crossbreed goat milks were 3.98%, 3.80%; 9.54%, 9.24%; 3.59%, 3.48%; 5.24%, 5.08%; 13.51%, 13.04%; 0.24%, 0.25%; 6.62, 6.64, respectively. Lactation stage had a significant influence (P<0.05; P<0.001) on milk fat, non-fat solid, protein, lactose, total solids contents and lactic acid value in Hair and crossbreed goats' milk. Also, genotype had a significant influence (P<0.001) on non-fat solid, protein, lactose and total solids contents of the milk. In conclusion, Hair goats and crossbreed goats produce milk with a variable milk fat, non-fat solid, protein, lactose, total solids contents at the different stages of lactation. The mean values of milk non-fat solid, protein, lactose and total solids in Hair goats' milk were higher than those of crossbreed goats. Also, milk fat content, lactic acid and pH values in Hair and crossbreed goats' milk were similar. © Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture.
A Study on Power of Chi-Square and G Statistics in Biology Sciences
(2006) Eyduran, E.; Özdemir, T.; Kazim Kara, M.; Keskin, S.; Çak, B.
The objective of this study was to examined Chi-Square and G test statistics in place of enough sample size, contingency coefficient and power of test for different four contingency tables (data set) regarding biology sciences. Besides, this study was to determine whether sample sizes of various four samples in biology sciences were sufficient. The reliability of two statistics related to Sample size, contingency coefficient and power of test. Power analysis for Chi-Square and G test statistics were performed using a special SAS macro According to results of power analysis, sample sizes of other sets of data except the third data set were determined to be sufficient because power values for both statistics were more than 88%. With respect to power analysis, G statistics for the initial two data sets were more advantageous than other as power value of G statistics were larger than that of other. In the last data set, as sample size were 1607 and power values for both statistics were 100%, both were asymptotically equivalent each other. As power values of the third data set for Chi-Square and G test statistics were approximately 46.77 and 58.16%, respectively, sample size with 20 for both were determined to be insufficient. When we artificially increased 30 to 200 by 10, sufficient sample size for third data should be 50 so as to provide power values of 80% with respect to results of SAS special macro. As a result, this study emphasized that researchers should have taken into sample sizes and power of test account except for probability of Type Error I in contingency tables in order to determine the best one of both statistics. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.