Browsing by Author "Özbek, H"

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Acute Amitriptyline Intoxication
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2006) Çaksen, H; Akbayram, S; Odabas, D; Özbek, H; Erol, M; Akgün, C; Yilmaz, C
The tricyclic antidepressant agents, particularly amitriptyline and dothiepin, are recognized for their potentially lethal cardiovascular and neurological effects in poisoned patients. In this article, the clinical and laboratory findings of 44 children with amitriptyline intoxication are reviewed. Our purpose was to investigate amitriptyline intoxication in childhood. Of 44 patients, 21 ( 47.7%) were boys, 23 ( 52.3%) were girls, and the ages ranged from 12 months to 14 years ( mean +/- SD; 4.09 +/- 2.9 years). All children except one who took an overdose of amitriptyline to decrease his pain accidentally ingested an overdose of amitriptyline. The amount of amitriptyline ingested was between 2 mg/kg and 97.5 mg/kg (mean +/- SD; 13.6 +/- 17.7 mg/kg per dose) (the drug dosage was not known in 13 children). The most commonly observed clinical and laboratory findings were lethargy, tachycardia, convulsion, hyperglycemia and leukocytosis. In all patients except for two children who died the abnormal clinical and laboratory findings returned to normal within a few days after admission and they were discharged from the hospital in good health within the fourth day of admission. One of the children ingested 97.5 mg/kg amitriptyline and probably died due to status epilepticus and another child who died ingested 36 mg/kg amitriptyline and died due to cardiopulmonary arrest. In conclusion, our findings showed that initial symptoms and signs of acute amitriptyline intoxication appeared severe, but they disappeared with only supportive care required in most children except for cases that ingested high doses of drug within a few days. In contrast to adults, we infrequently noted respiratory insufficiency, arrhythmia and hypotension in children with acute amitriptyline intoxication.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tretinoin (all-Trans Acid) 0.1% and Adapalene 0.1% in Rats
(Wiley, 2005) Akdeniz, N; Çalka, Ö; Özbek, H; Metin, A
In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid) 0.1% cream and adapalene 0.1% gel were compared in rats to determine whether there was a difference between these agents. Thirty-six rats of either sex were divided into six groups (two control groups, and an etodolac, indomethacin, tretinoin and adapalene group) of six animals each. Each group was given different drugs or chemicals. The inhibitory activities of the drugs were determined on carrageenan-induced rat-paw oedema. The inhibition rate (53.48%) in the tretinoin group was found to be higher than adapalene and controls (P < 0.05). Adapalene was found to have an inhibition rate of 10.28%, and when compared with the other groups, was found to have no statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity. We conclude that tretinoin has a higher anti-inflammatory activity than adapalene and thus should be preferred for the treatment of inflammatory lesions.
The Autonomic Innervation of the Testicular Parenchyma
(Scandinavian Federation Laboratory Animal Science, 2003) Erdogan, E; Aydinlioglu, A; Ragbetli, MC; Özbek, H; Göçer, F
The specific roles and direct involvements of autonomic innervations on the spermatogenic process are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate stereologically the relative importance of sympathetic innervations in testicular parenchyma rats in chemically sympathectomized with guanethidine. Treated animals (n=10) were injected intraperitoneally with guanethidine at doses of 10mg/kg/day for 15 days while control animals (n= 5) received an equivalent volume of saline. After routine histological procedures, 5mum thick sections of the testes were selected for examination. Organ volumes were estimated using the Cavalieri Principle of volume measurement by means of consecutive serial sections, using "J Images" software in a computer. At least 10 seminiferous tubules were selected randomly and measured per cross section for evaluation of epithelial heights, luminal diameter and total seminiferous tubule diameter. Testicular volumes and seminiferous tubule measurements of treated animals were found to be affected by the chemical sympathectomy with guanethidine with a a statistically significant difference between experimental and control group (p<0.01). Our findings indicate that chemical sympathectomy with-short term low dose guanethidine might display morphometric changes in the rat testis which indicate the presence of autonomic innervation of its parenchyma.
Cisplatin Induces Acute Renal Failure by Impairing Antioxidant System in Guinea Pigs
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2002) Durak, I; Özbek, H; Karaayvaz, M; Öztürk, HS
This study aims to investigate the role of oxidants in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in a single dose (5mg/kg) and guinea pigs were killed either after 24h or 7 days. The same experiment was performed using animals treated with vitamins C and E combination and a natural antioxidant extract (SARMEX((R))). The kidneys were then removed to be used in the analyses. Blood samples were also obtained from the animals to be used in routine biochemical assays. Twenty-four hours after treatment there was a significant decrease in the renal activities of total superoxide scavenger activity (TSSA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) accompanied by a rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. After 7 days, the fall in kidney enzymatic activities was far greater, while the increase in blood urea (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) was marked. Treatment with antioxidants causes significant increases in renal TSSA (7 day), non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activity (NSSA) (24h and 7 day) and SOD (7 day) activities, does not change glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and decreases renal MDA (24h and 7 day), blood BUN (7 day) and CRE (7 day) levels. Our results suggest that cisplatin treatment impairs both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems and causes peroxidation in the renal tissue, which leads to kidney failure. Antioxidant supplementation strengthens the renal antioxidant system, eliminates oxidation reactions, and prevents cisplatin-induced kidney failure.
Cyclosporine Reduces Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2004) Durak, I; Özbek, H; Elgün, S
The immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CsA) has been reported to exert measurable hepatotoxic effects. One of the causes leading to hepatotoxicity is thought to be reactive oxygen radical formation. Therefore, this study was designed to elucidate possible relation between cyclosporine A treatment and antioxidant capacity (AOC) of hepatic tissue and, to determine if antioxidant supplementation is beneficial. Cyclosporine A was given to 20 rabbits orally for 10 days. Vitamins E and C combination were given intramuscularly. Vitamin therapy was started 3 days before cyclosporine A treatment and continued for 10 days. In each group (control, cyclosporine A, cyclosporine A+ vitamin, and vitamin only) there were five animals. After the animals were sacrificed, their livers were removed to be used in the AOC measurement. AOC was found to be lower in cyclosporine A group compared to control and vitamin groups. Results suggest that reduced antioxidant capacity may play part in the cyclosporine A-induced hepatotoxicity and use of some antioxidants may give beneficial results. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.
The Effect of Ginkgo Extract Egb761 in Cisplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice
(Academic Press inc Elsevier Science, 2004) Öztürk, G; Anlar, Ö; Erdogan, E; Kösem, M; Özbek, H; Türker, A
Neuroprotective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 in cisplatin (cis-diamminedi-chloroplatinum, or CDDP)-induced peripheral neuropathy was investigated. Swiss albino mice were treated with CDDP, 2 mg/kg ip twice a week for nine times. One group of the animals also received EGb761 in the drinking water at an estimated dosage of 100 mg/kg per day. Two other groups received vehicle (control) or EGb761 only. Development of neuropathy was evaluated with changes in sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV). Following the treatments, dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were microscopically examined and some were cultured for 3 days. EGb761 proved effective in preventing the reduction in NCV (P < 0.0001) caused by CDDP. CDDP caused a decrease in the number of migrating cells (P < 0.01) and in the length of outgrowing axons (P < 0.01) while EGb761 treatment prevented the latter. CDDP led to smaller nuclear and somatic sizes in neurons (P < 0.01), while with EGb761 co-administration, both were close to control values. Animals having EGb761 only had similar results with controls. In conclusion, EGb761 was found to be effective in preventing some functional and morphological deteriorations in CDDP-induced peripheral neuropathy. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effects of Cholesterol Supplementation on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Rat Hepatic Tissues
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2004) Durak, I; Özbek, H; Devrim, E; Karagenç, N; Ergüder, IB
Background and Aim: The effects of cholesterol supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated in hepatic tissue taken from Sprague Dawley rats. Methods and Reults: The study involved 14 male Sprague Dawley rats: seven fed a normal laboratory diet and seven a normal diet plus cholesterol (3.6 g/kg/day) for three months, during which blood samples were obtained to measure serum cholesterol levels. At the end of the 3-month period, the livers were surgically removed in order to measure antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and paraoxonase-1). At the end of the study period, serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the cholesterol-fed group than the control group. There were no significant between-group differences in hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, but there was a significant decrease in hepatic paraoxonase-1 activity in the cholesterol-fed group. Conclusions: Cholesterol supplementation significantly decreases paraoxonase-1 activity in rat liver tissue without changing the activities of other antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that cholesterol significantly suppresses hepatic paraoxonase-1 synthesis. It seems that the decreased paraoxonase-1 activity in the plasma HDL-fraction of atherosclerotic patients is associated with suppressed liver synthesis. A reduction in paraoxonase-1 activity may therefore lead to the more intensive exposure of LDL to oxidant attacks. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ((C)) 2004, Medikal.
Effects of Garlic Extract Consumption on Blood Lipid and Oxidant/Antioxidant Parameters in Humans With High Blood Cholesterol
(Elsevier Science inc, 2004) Durak, I; Kavutcu, M; Aytaç, B; Avci, A; Devrim, E; Özbek, H; Öztürk, HS
Effects of garlic extract supplementation on blood lipid profile and oxidant/antioxidant status were investigated in volunteer subjects with high blood cholesterol. A total of 23 volunteer subjects with high blood cholesterol (>5.98 mmol/L) participated in the study. Of them, 13 patients were evaluated as a hypertensive group and the others a normotensive group. Before (first sample) and after (second sample) garlic extract consumption for 4 months, routine blood analyses including lipid parameters and liver and kidney function tests were performed. Additionally, blood oxidant (malondialdehyde [MDA], oxidation resistance [OR]), and antioxidant (antioxidant potential [AOP], nonenzymatic superoxide radical scavenger activity [NSSA]) parameters were measured. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterols, and triglyceride levels were found to be significantly lowered, but HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased after the extract use. The total:HDL cholesterol ratio was also found to be significantly decreased after the extract use. There were no meaningful differences with regard to other routine biochemical parameters. Additionally, blood AOP, OR, and NSSA values were found increased and MDA level decreased in the second samples relative to the first ones. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were also found to be significantly lowered after extract supplementation in the hypertensive group, but no similar changes were observed in the normotensive group. We conclude that garlic extract supplementation improves blood lipid profile, strengthens blood antioxidant potential, and causes significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. It also leads to a decrease in the level of oxidation product (MDA) in the blood samples, which demonstrates reduced oxidation reactions in the body. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) in the Early Phase of Healing Process in Open Wounds in Dogs
(Vysoka Skola veterinarni Farmaceuticka, 2003) Tas, A; Atasoy, N; Özbek, H; Aslan, L; Yüksel, H; Ceylan, E; Dagoglu, G
In vivo (n = 16) and in vitro (n = 16) experiments were conducted in dogs to describe the effects of sildenafil citrate (viagra) on histopathological changes during the healing process with respect to angiogenesis and compare vasodilatative effects of sildenafil citrate, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. General anaesthesia was performed with 0.2% ketamine HCl by intravenous drip after premedication with xylazine (5 mg.kg(-1)) and atropine sulphate (0.05 mg.kg(-1)). Round open wounds were created in all skin layers on anterior brachial region in all animals. On days 1, 3, 5 and 7 following the operation sildenafil citrate (25 mg) (n = 8) and saline (n = 8) were orally administered. Wound tissues were dissected for histological observation on days 3, 6, and 9. Animals receiving sildenafil citrate had greater granulosa tissue more apparent capillary network and greather fibroblast proliferation than control group on day 6. Vasorelaxant effects of sildenafil citrate, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside on a. brachialis were investigated in vitro. In this study, relative vasorelaxant effects of sildenafil citrate, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were 4.91, 5.75 and 6.70, respectively. Results of this study suggest that sildenafil citrate does enhance the healing process by stimulating angiogenesis.
Effects of Sildenafil Citrate, Acetylcholine. and Sodium Nitroprusside on the Relaxation of Rabbit Cavernosal Tissue in Vitro
(Elsevier Science inc, 2001) Aydin, S; Özbek, H; Yilmaz, Y; Atilla, MK; Bayrakli, H; Çetin, H
Objectives. To investigate the effect of sildenafil together with the influence of sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine and further discuss its mechanism of action in vitro. Methods, Isolated strips of rabbit corpus cavernosum were stimulated isometrically with phenylephrine. Graded relaxations were induced using increasing concentrations of acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and sildenafil alone and in combination. Results, The agents all relaxed the rabbit corpus cavernosal strips in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory potentials of the test agents were ranked (from least inhibitory to most inhibitory) as follows: sildenafil, acetylcholine plus sildenafil, sodium nitroprusside, sodium nitroprusside plus sildenafil, acetylcholine. The presence of sodium nitroprusside in the medium reduced the median effective dose for the sildenafil-induced relaxation of the cavernosal tissue from 3.65 x 10(-5) M to 2.73 x 10(-7) M, and the presence of acetylcholine reduced it to 9.79 x 10(-6) M. Conclusions. Sildenafil enhances the relaxing effect of both sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine on the phenylephrine-induced contraction of rabbit cavernosal tissue. UROLOGY 58: 119-124, 2001. (C) 2001, Elsevier Science Inc.
Effects of Trimetazidine on Submaximal Exercise Test in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
(Springer, 2003) Güler, N; Eryonucu, B; Günes, A; Güntekin, Ü; Tuncer, M; Özbek, H
Background: It was demonstrated that the novel metabolic agent, trimetazidine, could lessen the incidence and severity of angina, whether used in monotherapy or combination. Although the animal studies demonstrated that trimetazidine reduces myocardial infarct size and improves recovery of mechanic function after ischemia, little is known on the potential benefits of trimetazidine in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of trimetazidine on AMI by sub-maximal exercise test. Methods: A double-blind crossover trimetazidine versus placebo trial was carried out in 44 patients with AMI. Patients were randomly allotted into trimetazidine (23 patients) or placebo (21 patients) for 5 days and underwent an initial sub-maximal exercise test. Exercise tests according to the modified Bruce protocol were performed. Exercise end points included completion of stage II or 75% of maximum predicted heart rate whichever came first. An averaged 12-lead ECG was obtained at rest, every minute during exercise, at the onset of anginal symptoms, at the onset of 1-mm ST segment depression, at peak exercise and every 2-minute during recovery. After the initial exercise tests, study groups resumed the drugs in the opposite order for 4 to 5 days and underwent a second sub-maximal exercise test. Results: Exercise induced ST segment depression was noted in 17 patients (38.6%) receiving placebo. However, exercise induced ST-segment depression was observed in 8 patients (18.1%) taking TMZ. Positive exercise test results were significantly higher in placebo group than TMZ group (p=0.018). Additionally, trimetazidine prolonged the time to 1-mm ST-segment depression (6.1+/-0.5 vs 4.9+/-0.4, p<0.031) and exercise duration (7.2 +/- 0.9 vs 5.8 +/- 0.9, p<0.025). Conclusion: Trimetazidine therapy improves the exercise capacity and reduces evidence of ischemia derived from sub-maximal post-infarction exercise testing.
Hepatoprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ballota Glandulosissima
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2004) Özbek, H; Çitoglu, WS; Dülger, H; Ugras, S; Sever, B
Water extract of Ballota glandulosissima Hub.-Mor & Patzak (Lamiaceae) (BG) was investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema test and for hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Biochemical parameters of hepatic damage such as serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin concentrations were determined. CCl4 (0.8mL/kg i.p. for 7 days) treatment increased the serum AST, ALT, ALP and bilirubin levels significantly as compared to controls. Treatment of animals with BG (100 mg/kg, i-p.) +CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg i.p.) for 7 days significantly ameliorated the levels of AST, ALT and ALP elevated by the CCl4 treatment alone. The results of biochemical tests were also confirmed by histopathological examination. BG together with CCl4 treatment decreased the balloning degeneration but did not produced apoptosis of hepatocytes, centrilobular and bridging necrosis observed in the CCl4 treatment alone. BG, at 100 mg/kg per os, showed a significant reduction (34.22%) in rat paw oedema induced by carrageenan. The reference anti-inflammatory drugs etodolac (50 mg/kg, p.o.) and indomethacin (3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the oedeme by 43.42 and 95.70%, respectively. The present study reveals that the water extract of Ballota glandulosissima possesses promising protective activity against CCl4 induced hepatic damage and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Foeniculum Vulgare Essential Oil
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2003) Özbek, H; Ugras, S; Dülger, H; Bayram, I; Tuncer, I; Öztürk, G; Öztürk, A
Hepatoprotective activity of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oil (FEO) was studied using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury model in rats. The hepatotoxicity produced by acute CCl4 administration was found to be inhibited by FEO with evidence of decreased levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin. The results of this study indicate that FEO has a potent hepatoprotective action against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Hepatorprotective Effect of Foeniculum Vulgare Essential Oil
(Scandinavian Federation Laboratory Animal Science, 2004) Özbek, H; Ugras, S; Bayram, I; Uygan, I; Edrogan, E; Öztürk, A; Huyut, Z
Hepatoprotective activity of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oil was studied using a carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis model in rats. The hepatotoxicity produced by chronic carbon tetrachloride administration was found to be inhibited by Foeniculum vulgare essential oil with evidence of decreased levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Histopathological findings also suggest that Foeniculum vulgare essential oil prevents the development of chronic liver damage. The changes in body weights in the rats assigned to the study groups supported these biochemical and histopathological findings. The results of this study clearly indicate that Foeniculum vulgare essential oil has a potent hepatoprotective action against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Rheum Ribes Roots in Alloxan Induced Diabetic and Normal Mice
(Scandinavian Federation Laboratory Animal Science, 2004) Özbek, H; Ceylan, E; Kara, M; Özgökçe, F; Koyuncu, M
A decoction extract of Rheum ribes roots was given orally and tested for hypoglycemic effect in healthy and in alloxan-diabetic mice. The results were compared with glibenclamide, a standard hypoglycemic agent, and control groups. It was found that the extract possesses a hypoglycemic effect in diabetic animals.
Local Irritant Effects of Topical Oral Sprays on Oral Mucosa in Mice
(Springer, 2006) Yuca, K; Çankaya, H; Bayram, W; Özbek, H; Kiris, M
Topical oral sprays are frequently used to prevent and manage oropharyngeal inflammation and lesions. This study investigated the histopathologic changes noted in the oral mucosa of mice after topical application of 3 widely prescribed antibacterial products. The 25 animals were divided into 5 groups and treated for 10 days with 2 sprays daily, as follows: group 1 - chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% * benzydamine hydrochloride 0.15%; group 2 - benzydamine 0.27 mg/0.18 mL * 30 mL; group 3 - chlorhexidine 0.2%; group 4 - fusafungine 1%; and group 5 (cohort) - physiologic serum. On day 10 after drug administration, biopsy specimens were taken from the oropharyngeal mucosa of the tongue, the cheek mucosa, and the tongue base; these were examined under a light microscope and were classified as normal or pathologic. All topical oral sprays produced some degree of histopathologic change, such as hyperplasia, fibrosis, low-grade dysplasia, congestion, or edema. The local irritant effects of topical oral sprays should be considered when treatment is selected for patients with oropharyngeal disorder.
Restless Legs Syndrome Induced by Mirtazapine
(Physicians Postgraduate Press, 2002) Agargün, MY; Kara, H; Özbek, H; Tombul, T; Ozer, OA
Serum Levels of Leptin and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004) Dülger, H; Alici, S; Sekeroglu, MR; Erkog, R; Özbek, H; Noyan, T; Yavuz, M
The aim was to investigate the serum levels of leptin, TNFalpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, insulin, and growth hormone in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer and cachexia. A total of 39 patients with various advanced stage (stage IV) gastrointestinal malignancies were enrolled. These cancer patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of cachexia. Fifteen healthy adults were recruited as the control group. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) was calculated. Serum leptin, turnout necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha interleukin (IL)-1 beta, interleukin (IL)-6, growth hormone, insulin, glucose, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and CRP were measured. In both cancer groups (cachectic and non-cachectic) body mass index and serum leptin levels were lower than controls (p < 0.001). Serum IL-1 beta, IL-6, and growth hormone levels were higher in both cachectic and non-cachectic groups than those of controls (p < 0.05). Serum TNF-alpha level in non-cachectic group was also significantly higher than in control group (p < 0.01). There is no significant difference between three groups in terms of insulin resistance as assessed by HOMA index. Our results showed that some proinflammatory cytokine levels were increased and leptin level was decreased due to upper gastrointestinal cancers. Increased cytokine levels may lead to decreased food intake and caused a weight loss. (C) 2004 Blackwell Ptiblishing Ltd.