Browsing by Author "Afzal, Farkhanda"

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Algorithm for Computing Differential Char Sets Efficiently
(Taru Publications, 2020) Cancan, Murat; Afzal, Farkhanda; Maqbool, Ayesha; Afzal, Deeba
In order to triangularize differential polynomial sets and systems, we can use char sets method by Ritt and Wu. This method uses differential pseudo division for elimination of variables successively. In this paper, we have proved that Differential Pseudo division can be replaced by important reductions for computing differential char sets. An algorithm is presented for computing the differential char sets efficiently. This algorithmic scheme has been executed with precise admissible differential reductions. Primary results demonstrate that this new algorithm accomplishes better results than char set algorithm that are based on differential Pseudo division.
Calculating the Topological Indices of Starphene Graph Via M-Polynomial Approach
(Sami Publishing Co-spc, 2021) Chaudhry, Faryal; Sattar, Sumera; Ehsan, Muhammad; Afzal, Farkhanda; Farahani, Mohammad Reza; Cancan, Murat
Chemical graph theory is related to the structure of different chemical compounds. A chemical graph represents the molecule of the substance. Chemical graph theory provides the connection between the real number and the different physical, chemical, and biological properties of the chemical species. By implementing the mathematical tools, a chemical graph is converted into a real number. This number can have the predicating ability about the properties of the molecule. In this article, we find some topological indices via M-polynomial for the Starphene graph.
Characteristic Sets Verses Generalized Characteristic Sets
(Taru Publications, 2021) Afzal, Farkhanda; Akram, Safia; Ashiq, Muhammad; Afzal, Deeba; Cancan, Murat; Ediz, Suleyman
The notion of characteristic sets that was developed by Ritt and Wu has been turned into an usual tool for study of set/systems of polynomial equations, algebraic as well as differential equations. By constructing a characteristic sets, one can triangularize an arbitrary set/system of any type of polynomials. It ensures that it can be decomposed into triangular form of a particular set/system. In this manuscript, a comparison of characteristic sets defined by Ritt-Wu's differential is provided with the generalized characteristic sets defined by author in [5]. Comparison shows that this scheme performs better than earlier method.
Closed Formulas of Topological Properties for Remdesivir (C27h35n6o8p)
(Sami Publishing Co-spc, 2021) Hussain, Sabir; Alsinai, Ammar; Afzal, Deeba; Maqbool, Ayesha; Afzal, Farkhanda; Cancan, Murat
Coronavirus is able to cause illnesses ranging from the common flu to severe respiratory disease. Today there is great competition among researchers and physcisians to cure COVID-19. Remdesivir is being studied for the COVID-19 treatment In this article, we presented the topological analysis of remdesivir with the help of M-polynomial. Proofs of the closed form of some topological indices via M-polynomial are also included in this article. [GRAPHICS] .
A Comparative Analysis of Consensus Protocols for Dealing Power Theft Issue in Pakistan
(Taru Publications, 2021) Maqbool, Ayesha; Sattar, Sumera; Naheed, Amna; Khalid, Sana; Rana, Tauseef; Afzal, Farkhanda; Cancan, Murat
Power is considered as a boon for life, lifeline of a country's economy; a key instrument for the socio-economic evolution of any country. Pakistan faces the issue of power theft that worsens the economy of utilities. The purpose of research is to modernize Pakistan's power sector with the usage of Blockchain. Research is based on a comparative analysis of proof of stake (POS) and proof of authority (POA) consensus protocols for the power theft issue for small, medium, or large scales of consumers; results showing automated and pre-selected processing time of transactions running on different nodes of POS and POA along. By comparative analysis of POS and POA; it is shown that the performance of Blockchain remains unaffected by the consensus protocol. To further strengthen the findings the statistical analysis data is carried out to establish the uniqueness of sampled data. The result establishes that Blockchain performs equally well for different architectures of the proposed architecture. The consensus protocol helps in achieving a suitable governing style with no effect on Blockchain performance.
Computational Analysis of New Degree-Based Descriptors of Zig-Zag Benzenoid System
(Sami Publishing Co-spc, 2021) Afzal, Farkhanda; Zaman, Muhammad; Chaudhry, Faryal; Afzal, Deeba; Farahani, Mohammad Reza; Cancan, Murat
Chemical graph theory is one of the dominant branches in graph theory. In this paper, we compute the atom bond connectivity, geometric arithmetic, first K-Banhatti, second K-Banhatti, first K-hyper Banhatti, second K-hyper Banhatti, modified first K-Banhatti, modified second K-Banhatti and harmonic K-Banhatti index via M-polynomial of zig-zag Benzenoid system. We also elaborate the result with graphical representation.
Computational Techniques in Machine Learning, Fuzzy Systems, Image Processing and Signal Analysis
(Taru Publications, 2025) Farahani, Mohammad Reza; Alaeiyan, Mehdi; Ameen, Hayder Baqer; Zhang, Xiujun; Cancan, Murat; Afzal, Farkhanda
Computing M-Polynomial and Topological Indices of Tuhrc4 Molecular Graph
(Sami Publishing Co-spc, 2021) Chaudhry, Faryal; Ehsan, Muhammad; Afzal, Farkhanda; Farahani, Mohammad Reza; Cancan, Murat; Ciftci, Idris
Chemical graph theory has an important role in the development of chemical sciences. A graph is produced from certain molecular structure by means of applying several graphical operations. The local graph parameter is valency, which is defined for every vertex as the number associates with other vertices in a graph, for example an atom in a molecule. The demonstration of chemical networks and chemical compounds with the help of M-polynomials is a novel idea. The M-polynomial of different molecular structures help to compute several topological indices. A topological index is a numeric quantity that describes the whole structure of a molecular graph of the chemical compound and clarifies its physical features, chemical reactivates and boiling activities. In this paper we computed M-Polynomial and topological indices of TUHRC4 Graph, then we recovered numerous topological indices using the M-polynomials.
Degree Based Topological Indices of Tadpole Graph Via M-Polynomial
(Sami Publishing Co-spc, 2021) Chaudhry, Faryal; Ehsan, Muhammad; Afzal, Farkhanda; Farahani, Mohammad Reza; Cancan, Murat; Ciftci, Idris
Chemical graph theory has an important impact on the development of the chemical sciences. A chemical graph is a graph that is produced from some molecular structure by applying some graphical operations. The demonstration of chemical compounds and chemical networks with the M-polynomials is a revolution and the M-polynomial of different molecular structures contributes to evaluating many topological indices. In this paper we worked out M-Polynomial and topological indices of the tadpole graph, then we recovered numerous topological indices using the M-polynomials.
Degree-Based Entropy of Molecular Structure of Hac5c7[P,q]
(Sami Publishing Co-spc, 2021) Afzal, Farkhanda; Cancan, Murat; Ediz, Suleyman; Afzal, Deeba; Chaudhry, Faryal; Farahani, Mohammad Reza
This study aimed at using the calculated values of topological indices, degree weighted entropy of graph, the entropy measures are calculated viz., symmetric division index, inverse sum index atom-bond connectivity entropy and geometric arithmetic entropy for the nanotube HAC(5)C(7)[p,q].
Exploring Drivers of Luxury Brand Buying Behavior : an Empirical Study
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Akbar, Kashifa; Mahsud, Minhas; Afzal, Farkhanda; Cancan, Murat; Riaz, Iqra
The motivations that drive customers towards purchasing luxury brands have complex psychological underpinnings that warrant careful examination. This research paper examines the effect of brand image (BdI), brand trust (BdT) and brand affect (BdA) on luxury brand buying behavior with an aim to understand consumer motivations towards luxury brands. A structured questionnaire consisting of validated scales for the said constructs was administered to a sample of 390 consumers outside luxury brand stores within the Punjab province of Pakistan. For the data analysis, Partial Least Squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used. We assessed the three correlations revealing significant relationships between the constructs. The empirical study makes an important contribution to the luxury brand management literature along with providing productive implications to academicians and experts.
The First and Second Zagreb Polynomial and the Forgotten Polynomial of Cmxcn
(Sami Publishing Co-spc, 2020) Afzal, Farkhanda; Afzal, Deeba; Baig, Abdul Qudair; Farahani, Mohammad Reza; Cancan, Murat; Ediz, Suleyman
In this paper, the 1st and 2nd Zagreb polynomials and the forgotten polynomial of C(m)xC(n) were computed. Some degree-based topological indices such as 1st and 2nd multiple Zagreb indices, Hyper Zagreb index and the forgotten index or F-index of the given networks were also computed. In addition, we represented the outcome by graphical representation that describe the dependence of topological indices on the given parameters of polynomial structures.
A Future Concern of Iterative Learning Control : A Survey
(Taru Publications, 2021) Riaz, Saleem; Hui, Lin; Aldemir, Mehmet Serif; Afzal, Farkhanda
The main idea of iterative learning control (ILC) was exposed when Arimoto's first paper was published. Industrial tasks mainly in repetition are controlled by an iterative teaching controller in both iteration and time-domain which makes ILC unique. ILC is becoming very popular among control engineers because of its very simple and effective control techniques. This paper describes the basic key knowledge about ILC and its types of applications. The core concern of this paper is to elaborate and explore the future scope and key application areas of iterative learning control in engineering as well as other all subjects of interest.
M-Polynomials and Degree-Based Topological Indices of Tadpole Graph
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Chaudhry, Faryal; Husin, Mohamad Nazri; Afzal, Farkhanda; Afzal, Deeba; Cancan, Murat; Farahani, Mohammad Reza
Chemical graph theory is a branch of mathematical chemistry which has an important outcome on the development of the chemical sciences. A chemical graph is a graph which is produced from some molecular structure by applying some graphical operations. The demonstration of chemical compounds and chemical networks with M-polynomials is a new idea and the M-polynomial of different molecular structures supports us to calculate many topological indices. A topological index is a numeric quantity that describes the whole structure of a molecular graph of the chemical compound and supports to understand its physical features, chemical reactivates and boiling activities. In this paper, we compute M-polynomial and topological indices of tadpole graph, then we recover numerous topological indices using the M-polynomial.
New Degree-Based Topological Descriptors Via M Polynomial of Boron Α-Nanotube
(Sami Publishing Co-spc, 2020) Afzal, Deeba; Hussain, Sabir; Aldemir, Mehmet Serif; Farahani, Mohammad Reza; Afzal, Farkhanda
The study of molecular structure having size less than 100 nm is called nanotechnology. Nano-materials have vast applications in different fields. Boron alpha-nanotube is very famous in Nano-science. In this article, we computed some important topological indices of this structure using their M-polynomial along with plotting the results.
On Computation of Latest Topological Descriptors of Some Cactus Chains Graphs Via M-Polynomial
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Afzal, Farkhanda; Hussain, Hina; Afzal, Deeba; Farahani, Mohammad Reza; Cancan, Murat; Ediz, Suleyman
In the field of chemical graph theory, topological indices are of great importance. The topological index is a numerical quantity dependent on different invariants or molecular graph characteristics. In the present article, the topological indices of para cacti chain graph are calculated such as atom bond connectivity, geometric arithmetic, first K-Banhatti, second K-Banhatti, first K-hyper Banhatti, second K-hyper Banhatti, modified first K-Banhatti, modified second K-Banhatti and harmonic K-Banhatti using their M-polynomials by the formulas given in [2]. Graphical analysis of the findings is also displayed. capability to recover the topological indices.
On Computation of Newly Defined Degree-Based Topological Invariants of Bismuth Tri-Iodide Via M-Polynomial
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Hameed, Saira; Husin, Mohamad Nazri; Afzal, Farkhanda; Hussain, Hina; Afzal, Deeba; Farahani, Mohammad Reza; Cancan, Murat
In this article, we recover many degree-based topological invariants using their formulas given in table [1] of Bismuth Tri-iodide by using its M-polynomial. The M-polynomial is a new phenomenon by which we can easily compute topological invariants of molecular graph. This is a very well-known fact that topological invariants play a key role in deciding chemical compound properties. Graphical analysis of the findings is also displayed.
On Topological Aspects of Silicate Network Using M-Polynomial
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Afzal, Farkhanda; Alsinai, Ammar; Hussain, Sabir; Afzal, Deeba; Chaudhry, Faryal; Cancan, Murat
M-polynomial is introduced as a graph polynomial to re-cover closed formulas of degree based topological indices by using some suitable operators. These topological indices have a predicting ability about the properties of organic molecules. Silicate network (phyllosilicates) belonging to an important group of minerals that includes talc, micas, serpentine, clay, and chlorite minerals. These minerals have much importance in the chemical industry. The aim of this paper is to explore the silicate network through M-polynomial and some degree-based topological indices. Results are also elaborated by plotting with graphs.
Some New Degree Based Topological Indices of H-Naphtalenic Graph Via M-Polynomial Approach
(Sami Publishing Co-spc, 2021) Afzal, Farkhanda; Alsinai, Ammar; Zeeshan, Mohammad; Afzal, Deeba; Chaudhry, Faryal; Cancan, Murat
In this object, we present some new formulas of the reduced reciprocal Randic index, the arithmetic geometric 1 index, the SK, SK1, SK2 indices, first Zagreb index, the general sum-connectivity index, the SCI index and the forgotten index. They were utilized for new degree-based topological indices via M-polynomial. We retrieved these topological indices for H-Naphtalenic nanotubes.
Some New Topological Indices of Silicate Network Via M-Polynomial
(Taru Publications, 2020) Cancan, Murat; Afzal, Deeba; Hussain, Sabir; Maqbool, Ayesha; Afzal, Farkhanda
The numerical encoding of chemical structure with topological indices is currently growing in chemical graph theory. An important aspect of these topological indices related with the prediction of the characteristic given by the chemical structure of the molecule. This paper utilizing a specific developed method, named M-polynomial, to calculate the topological indices of silicate network. We also plot the topological indices.