Browsing by Author "Akdeniz, Hakki"

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The Effects of Sewage Sludge Application Doses and Times on Extractable Metal Concentrations in a Calcareous Pasture Soil
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2020) Bozkurt, Mehmet Ali; Akdeniz, Hakki; Keskin, Bilal
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the increasing doses of sewage sludge and different application times on DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable nutrients and heavy metal concentration in calcareous soil for three years. For this purpose, sewage sludge was applied at different rates (0, 4.1, 8.2, 16.4 t ha-1) and periods (spring and autumn) to meet the nitrogen fertilizer requirement of grass-legume mixtures. Experiment results showed that cumulative sludge applications significantly increased DTPA extractable metal concentrations for 0-20 cm. Sludge application in spring period reduced the soil pH and increased the extractable metal concentrations compared to the autumn. Sludge application doses increased DTPA-Zn concentration for all soil depths and years. At the end of the experiment, it was determined that the heavy metal contents in the soil did not reach the levels that would have a negative effect on plant production. The fact that Van soil is rich in lime and alkaline pH of the soil, where the experiment was carried out, caused the solubility of heavy metals from sewage sludge to be low and toxic effect not to be seen. However, long-term sludge application should be followed in soil.
The Growth of Corn Plant in Coal Fly-Ash and Lime-Stabilized Sewage Sludge
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2009) Bozkurt, Mehmet Ali; Akdeniz, Hakki; Keskin, Bilal
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to compare the effects of fly-ash and lime amendments to sewage sludge on the growth and chemical composition of corn. Sludge was amended with fly-ash or lime at an application rate of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 % (w/w). Each of these mixture was then (1:4)-mixed with loamy soil (v/v). According to experiment results, the highest dry weight yields were obtained at sludge-soil mixture alone. Increasing fly-ash and lime amendment rates significantly decreased corn yield. With increasing coal fly-ash amendment rate, contents of N, P, Pe, Mn and Zn in plant tissues of corn decreased significantly, but Cd contents of shoots and roots increased markedly. Addition of lime-amendment sludge to soil generally decreased contents of N, P, Fe, Cd, Pb and Zn in shoot tissue. However, the shoot contents of N, Fe, Mn, Cd and Cu elevated considerably, at 40 % lime amendment rate. The high Cd Content of coal fly-ash caused increase in plant and soil Cd. The Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb contents of root tissue were significantly higher than those of the shoot tissue. Increasing fly-ash and lime amendment rates significantly increased soil pH. DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn and Ph contents decreased with an increase in fly-ash amendment rates, Lime stabilization of sewage sludge reduced DTPA Cd, Cu, Ph and Zn contents markedly, but Fe, Mn and Cr showed little changes. Therefore, the lime-stabilized sludge was more effective in decreasing heavy metal accumulation of plant and soil, compared to fly-ash. Addition of 10% lime amendment significantly reduced the availability or heavy metals without serious yield reduction of corn.
Possibilities of Using Sewage Sludge as Nitrogen Fertilizer for Maize
(Taylor & Francis As, 2006) Bozkurt, Mehmet Ali; Akdeniz, Hakki; Keskin, Bilal; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer sources of ammonium sulphate and municipal sewage sludge on yield, N content and uptake of the maize (Zea mays L.). Nutrient and heavy metals were determined in soil and plant. The experiment with three sludge rates ( 256, 513 and 1026 kg total N ha(-1) or 9.5, 18.0 and 38.1 t ha(-1) sludge), two nitrogen rates ( 80 and 160 kg N ha(-1)) and zero-N control were conducted on a clay loam soils under irrigated conditions in Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Yield, N content and total N uptake of maize increased significantly with sludge application. 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha(-1) sewage sludge applications did not significantly affect heavy metal content of leaf and grain. However, 38.1 t ha(-1) sludge applications increased leaf Pb and Zn. DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn concentrations of the soil increased at applications of 38.1 t ha(-1) sewage sludge, whereas applications of 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha(-1) sludge only resulted in elevated levels of Cu and Zn. We conclude that if sewage sludge is to be used in production of maize, applications rate up to 19 t ha(-1) could be accepted. However, this means also that the N requirement of maize crop is not covered by the sludge; therefore, the rest of nitrogen could be supplied as inorganic N.
Sewage Sludge as Nitrogen Source for Irrigated Silage Sorghum
(Medwell online, 2009) Keskin, Bilal; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki; Bozkurt, Mehmet Ali; Akdeniz, Hakki
Field experiment was conducted in clay loam soil in Van, located in the eastern part of Turkey, to study sewage sludge and ammonium sulphate as nitrogen sources for sorghum. Silage and dry matter yield, plant height, stem, leaf and particle ratio, plant nitrogen content, total N uptake, leaf nutrient and heavy metal content, soil DTPA-extractable nutrient and heavy metal content were quantified. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Two rates of ammonium sulphate (50, 100 kg ha(-1)) and three rates of sewage sludge (5.95, 11.90 and 23.80 Mg ha(-1)) were applied to plots. Sorghum plant was irrigated once a week until soil water content reached to field capacity. Silage and dry matter yield, plant height and total N uptake increased with application of chemical N fertilizer and sewage sludge as compared to control. The yield results revealed that, 100 kg ha(-1) nitrogen rate and 23.80 Mg ha(-1) sewage sludge rate caused to produce almost the same amount of silage and dry matter yield. Leaf N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn content of sorghum increased with application of N fertilizer and sewage sludge. Mentioned nutrients in leaf were found pretty similar with application of 100 kg ha(-1) N rate and 23.80 Mg ha(-1) sludge rate. Besides, Potassium content of sorghum leaf was not affected by either treatment. Leaf Zn content increased with application of N fertilizer and sewage sludge and it reached the highest level at 23.80 Mg ha(-1) sludge rate. Leaf Cu content increased only with application of sewage sludge. Also, Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni contents in experiment soil increased with application of sewage sludge and their levels reached to the highest at 23.80 Mg ha(-1) sludge rate. None of heavy metal reached toxic level either in plant or in soil. Results indicated that sewage sludge, produced in Van region, could be used as a fertilizer nitrogen source for sorghum, without risks associated with toxic heavy metals.
Yield and Metal Concentration in Garden Burnet (Sanguisorba Minor Scop. Bunyan 80) From Application of Sewage Sludge and Chemical Fertilizer
(Medwell online, 2009) Akdeniz, Hakki; Keskin, Bilal; Bozkurt, Mehmet Ali
The objective of this study, was to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge applications on herbage yield, grain yield, nutrients and heavy metal accumulations on Garden burnet (Sangiusorba minor Scop. Bunyan 80). The study was conducted in 2004 and 2007 years at the fields of Agricultural Faculty in Yuzuncu Yil University. The experiment was a randomized complete block design, with 4 replications for 4 years. Three levels of sewage sludge were applied at rates 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 ton day(-1); 3 levels of nitrogen were also applied at rates of 5, 10 and 15 kg day(-1) with control. The research demonstrated that sewage sludge produced higher herbage yield than the chemical fertilizer, however equivalent to the chemical fertilizer in grain yields of the garden bumet. Plant tissue N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb contents varied with treatments. The highest plant-N was obtained from chemical fertilized plots. Results showed that sewage sludge applications increased extractable metal concentrations of Fe, Zn and Cr of the soil. None of the amendments produced excessive levels of the nutrients and heavy metals; rather the amendments improved the feed quality of the forage.
Yield and Nutritive Value of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Italicum L.) Is Influenced by Different Levels of Nitrogenous Fertilizer
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2019) Akdeniz, Hakki; Bozkurt, Mehmet Ali; Hosaflioglu, Ibrahim; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Hossain, Akbar; Elsabagh, Mabrouk; El Sabagh, Ayman
Italian ryegrass is often fertilized with high levels of nitrogen (N) in order to ensure a maximum biomass yield. While overdose of any fertilizer is neither cost-effective nor environmentally sound. In this context, the study was carried out at the agricultural experimental area of Igdir University during 2013, to find out the optimum dose of nitrogenous fertilizers for maximizing the biomass yield as well as nutrients content of Italian ryegrass. Treatments were five levels of nitrogen viz., 0 (N-o), 2 (N-2), 4 (N-4), 6 (N-6) or 8 (N-8) kg da(-1), respectively. Treatments were arranged in a randomized completed block design with three replications. Data on green herbage and dry biomass yield as well as nutrients content such as Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), Crude protein (CP), Crude ash and Tetany ratio (K/(Ca+Mg)) were examined under the different levels of N. Results of the study showed that increasing rate of N fertilizer increased the green herbage as well as dry biomass yield of Italian ryegrass. The highest green herbage and dry biomass yield were recorded for the 8 kg N da(-1) (N-8) (1142.7 and 473.7 kg da(-1)) treated grass followed by those treated with a 6 kg N da(-1) (N-6) (1070.2 and 444.8 kg da(-1)). Similarly, the maximum seed yield was also recorded in the treatment of 8 kg N da(-1), followed by the treatment of 6 kg N da(-1). Considering the nutritional values, the levels of N and K in the ryegrass were decreased from the initial growth stages to seed stages. While, CP, Mg, P and Tetany ratios were decreased as growth stages of plant increased. Therefore, the application of 6 to 8 kg N da(-1) could be recommended for higher green herbage, dry biomass yield and also improving the nutrients content of Italian ryegrass under the condition of Igdir-Turkey.