Browsing by Author "Akgül, Ö."

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The Aerobic Bacteria Isolated From Used Cosmetic Products and Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance
(University of Ankara, 2021) Akgül, Ö.; Bakan, K.
Objective: Today, cosmetics sector is one of the thousands of sectors that are inspected within the scope of protection of people's health, preventive health measures, investments made for health rather than illness, and projects made in the name of raising awareness of people without getting sick. Cosmetics need to be produced and maintained in healthy conditions to minimize unwanted effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the aerobic bacterial contamination of used cosmetic products and the resistance profile (carbapenem and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) of isolated bacteria. Material and Method: Five hundred samples were made from used cosmetic products. Microbiological evaluation was performed using culture, biochemical tests, Vitek 2 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the samples. Result and Discussion: In this study, used cosmetic products were collected from 500 cosmetic users. A total of 101 (20.2%) bacteria were isolated from used cosmetic products (n = 500). As a result of identification performed on Vitek 2 device, S. epidermidis (47, 46.5%), S. hominis (17, 16.8%), S. aureus (6, 5.9%), E. coli (16, 15.8%), K. pneumoniae (11, 10.9%) and P. aeruginosa (4, 4.1%). Result of phenotypic antibiotic resistance evaluation revealed that 1 isolate was methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and it was mecA gene positive. It was determined that the isolated 10 gram negative bacteria showed a profile of carbapenem and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance. Only three K. pneumoniae strains were found to carry the blaOXA-48 gene in these isolates. In this study, it was concluded that the cosmetic products may cause serious infections associated with poor personal hygiene, prolonged use, and the bacterial contamination rate of the environment. © 2021 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.
Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance of Kpc-2 Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Blood Cultures in Van, Turkey
(Verduci Editore s.r.l, 2024) Akgül, Ö.; Körkoca, H.; Bora, G.
OBJECTIVE: Recently, Klebsiella pneumoniae strains causing bacteremia and showing significant antibiotic resistance have raised serious health concerns. Especially carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae has spread worldwide and caused an increase in mortality rates. In this study, we aimed to present information about KPC-2 carriage and molecular characteristics of K. pneumoniae strains showing multiple antibiotic resistance among patients in our hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from patients hospitalized in the intensive care units (ICU) of Van Regional Training and Research Hospital between 2020-2021. Culture, biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility tests, and molecular tests were performed to identify K. pneumoniae strains isolated from blood culture samples. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixteen K. pneumoniae were isolated from patients with positive blood cultures. Twenty-seven of these isolates showed multidrug resistance. Carbapenem, β-lactam, and quinolone resistance were particularly high. On the contrary, almost all of these isolates were susceptible to Amikacin (AK), Gentamicin (CN), Colistin (CT) and Tigecycline (TGC). Molecular analysis revealed that all of these isolates were KPC-2-positive and ST11 variants. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that KPC-2positive K. pneumoniae strains with multi-drug resistance may pose a serious risk in patients hospitalized in ICU in our hospital. It was concluded that surveillance and personnel training regarding the hospital and community-acquired infections due to these isolates that show pandemic spread would be important. © 2024 Verduci Editore s.r.l. All rights reserved.
Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Beta-Hemolytic and Non-Hemolytic Streptococci With Molecular Methods
(Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2019) Bora, G.; Akgül, Ö.; Kıymaz, E.N.
Infectious diseases have been one of the most important problems affecting all societies since the existence of mankind. Streptococci, one of the causes of these diseases, can be found in the normal flora of the mouth, nose, throat, skin, digestion and genital system in humans. Streptococci are an important cause of diseases in humans such as meningitis, acute otitis media, rhinosinusitis and community-acquired pneumonia. In this study, various clinical samples belonging to the disease were taken between January and September 2015. All necessary permission documents and the ethics committee approval numbered 2 and dated 13.11.2014 for clinical investigations were obtained. The collected samples were brought to the Microbiology Laboratory of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Medical Faculty. Analyzes of determined and identified antibiotic resistance genes of isolated and identified streptococci strains were carried out in the Microbiology laboratory of Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Pharmacy by PCR. The detection of pbp1a for penicillin G antibiotic, pbp2x for cefotaxime antibiotic, and gyrA resistance genes for quinolone antibiotics were targeted. In this study, the primers used in Table-2 were taken as reference. A total of 30 streptococcus strains were isolated and identified from various clinical samples including 8 sputum, 6 urine, 5 BOS, 4 blood, 4 nasopharyngeal swab, 2 ear effusion and 1 abscess. As a result of the PCR analysis, the resistance of pbp1a was found in 6 of the streptococcal isolates, pbp2x in 8, and resistance in the gyrA gene region in 5. In our study, no three resistance genes were found in 22 isolates and the presence of all three (pbp1a, pbp2x and gyrA) resistance genes in 5 isolates was determined. It is expected that the data obtained from this research will contribute to national and international knowledge accumulation. © 2019, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All Rights Reserved.
The Molecular Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance and Identification of the Aerobic Bacteria Isolated From Pleural Fluids Obtained From Patients
(Verduci Editore s.r.l, 2022) Bora, G.; Akgül, Ö.; Gülaçar, E.; Sayir, F.
OBJECTIVE: Pleural effusion is a common clinical condition due to various etiological causes. Infectious pleural effusion can be seen in 20-40% of patients. In this study, follow-up of patients admitted to our hospital and diagnosed with pleural effusion are reported. It was aimed to investigate the prevalence of bacteria isolated from patients with pleural effusion and their antibiotic resistance profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pleural fluids obtained from the patients during surgical operations were analyzed microbiologically. Conventional culture, Vitek 2, 16S rRNA, and single Polymerase Chain Reaction (sPCR) were used for microbiological analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-two (12.2%) bacteria were isolated from 180 patients. The most prominent of them were 16 (8.8%) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. As for the antibiotic sensitivity, gram-negative bacteria showed the highest sensitivity to colistin, while Gram-positive bacteria showed sensitivity to different antibiotics. In 16S rRNA PCR, 22 samples were found to be positive. In the analysis of antibiotic resistance genes, the OXA-48 gene was determined as the highest. CONCLUSIONS: In our region, it is essential to perform a microbiological analysis of the sample in patients with pleural effusion. It was thought that revealing both the phenotype and genotype of the antibiotic resistance of the patients was important in terms of treatment. In hospital surveillance, it was considered important to reveal and record the resistance gene profiles of the patients. © 2022 Verduci Editore s.r.l. All rights reserved.
Molecular Analysis of Ndm-1 Positive Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Patients With Bacteremia Due To Urinary System Infection
(Aras Part Medical International Press, 2022) Akgül, Ö.; Bora, G.
Introduction: Health concerns about Klebsiella pneumoniae, which causes urinary tract infections (UTIs) and sepsis, are increasing worldwide. In addition, New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM) carrier K. pneumoniae and other Gram-negative bacteria appear to cause serious clinical problems. This study aimed to reveal NDM-1 positive K. pneumoniae carrier status, molecular properties, and antibiotic resistance differences of patients who have bacteremia due to urinary system infections. Methods: Blood culture, biochemical tests, Vitek2, polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods were used for the microbiological analysis of K. pneumoniae strains. Results: Overall, 146 K. pneumoniae strains were obtained from the cultures, 16 of which were found to be NDM-1 positive. Although these strains were discovered to have resistance to the authorized antibiotics, they were sensitive to gentamicin (CN), colistin (CT), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT). Furthermore, it was found that the resistance rates of carbapenem (ertapenem (Etp), imipenem (Ipm), and meropenem (Mem)) were high. All K. pneumoniae strains represented extended-spectrum beta-lactam resistance. It was found that the phylogenetic affinities of K. pneumoniae strains were higher with Asian strains. Five and eleven K. pneumoniae isolates were determined to be ST17 and ST147 type variations, respectively, as a conclusion of the MLST study. Conclusions: It was observed that the presence of NDM-1-positive K. pneumoniae may pose a serious problem in patients with bacteremia caused by UTI. It has been demonstrated that it is important to develop preventive and control measures in the hospital by considering NDM-1-positive K. pneumoniae strains with multi-drug resistance. © 2022, Aras Part Medical International Press. All rights reserved.
Molecular Analysis of the Mcr-1 Gene in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Acinetobacter Baumanii Strains
(University of Ankara, 2024) Akgül, Ö.
Objective: The emergence of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii isolates poses serious risks to public health. Our study aimed to investigate the presence of colistin resistance and mcr-1 gene positivity in these isolates. Material and Method: Culture, biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility tests, and molecular tests were used to isolate and identify P. aeruginosa and A. baumanii strains. Result and Discussion: A sum of 156 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 89) and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 67) were obtained using the 550 clinical samples collected in one year from the largest hospital in Van, Turkey. The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that approximately 82.8% of P. aeruginosa and 94.6% of A. baumannii strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Colistin resistance was detected in 11.23% (10/89) of P. aeruginosa isolates and 11.94% (8/67) of A. baumannii isolates using agar dilution and microdilution methods. Out of the 18 colistin-resistant isolates, the mcr-1 gene was detected in three P. aeruginosa and two A. baumannii strains. The detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii is of great concern due to the high potential for colistin resistance to spread in clinical settings. Understanding the unique circumstances of worldwide colistin resistance can be facilitated by promoting the creation of quick processes for identifying colistin resistance profiles and putting them into practice in hospital laboratories. Colistin and carbapenem treatment are two effective ways to treat emerging resistant super-microbes and slow down the emergence of resistance. © 2024 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis for Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus Species With Chicken and Gull Origin
(Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers, 2016) Akgül, Ö.; Gülhan, T.; Güdücüoğlu, H.
In this study, faecal samples of backyard chickens in the city of Van and its districts and gulls in contact with humans in Van Lake basin have been obtained and examined for Enterecoccus species. For this purpose, 1000 faecal samples have been obtained as 500 from chickens and 500 from gulls. In the study, Entrerecoccus has been isolated and identified from a total of 311 (31.1%) faecal samples as 192 (38.4%) from chickens and 119 (23.8%) from gulls. 41 (21.3%) of chicken-origin isolates have been identified as Enterococcus faecalis, 110 (57.3%) as E. faecium, 9 (4.7%) as E. casseliflavus/gallinarum, 27 (14.1%) as E. hirae, 5 (2.6%) E. durans while 78 (65.5%) of gull-origin isolates have been identified as E. faecalis, 21 (17.6%) as E. faecium, 10 (8.4%) as E. hirae, 7 (5.9%) as E. casseliflavus/gallinarum, 2 (1.7%) as E. raffinosus and 1 (0.8%) as E. durans. Phenotypically antibiotic susceptibility testing (disc diffusion method) was performed for analysis. Genotypically 16S rRNA, 16S and 23S intergenic transcribed spacer region, esp, vanA, vanB and vanC (C-1, C-2, C-3) was analyzed genes. When antibiotic resistance of whole isolates have been taken into consideration; the highest level of resistance was determined to cefadroxil (99.5%) while the lowest resistance was determined to imipenem (0.8%). While 9 (2.9%) of the isolates have been determined as resistant to vancomycin; genotypically vancomycin resistance gene (van) has been determined 20 (6.4%) of the isolates. 6 of E. faecalis (1 chicken, 5 gull origin) and 3 of E. faecium (gull origin) isolates have been determined as carrying vanA, 6 E. casseliflavus/gallinarum as carrying vanC1 (2 chicken, 4 gull origin) and 5 E. casseliflavus/gallinarium (chicken origin) as carrying vanC2/3 gene. In gull isolates, while vanC2/3 gene was not determined in gull isolates; all chicken and gull origin isolates have been found negative for vanB gene. As a result, for the first time in our region, this research has revealed the presence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species. © 2016, Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers. All rights reserved.