Browsing by Author "Akkopru, Ahmet"

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Antibacterial Activity of Different Kefir Types Against Various Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
(Galenos Publ House, 2020) Taskin, Bilgin; Akkopru, Ahmet
Kefir is a probiotic, dairy product produced by the fermentative activity of a diverse range of lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, and yeast. In this study, we revealed the antimicrobial spectra of five types of kefir supernatants (EG, AN, KF, KY and SD) from different regions of Turkey fermented for 24 and 48 h against seven plant pathogenic bacteria and one bacterial biocontrol agent in vitro and in vivo for the first time. In vitro, antibacterial activity was investigated by the disk diffusion agar method. Their antibacterial potencies varied according to the type of kefir and the fermentation time. Also, we showed that the antimicrobial activity of kefir could be attributable to antimicrobial substances in supernatants rather than the low pH. In vivo, studies using the most potent kefir type on cucumber and common bean with their pathogenic bacteria in the climate chamber showed no remarkable decrease in diseases but revealed an increase in some plant growth parameters. The application resulted in an increase of 22% in shoot fresh weight, 20% in shoot dry weight, 79% in root fresh weight and 113% in root dry weight in common bean, on the other hand, 25% in shoot fresh weight, 34% in root fresh weight and 30% in shoot dry weight in cucumber.
Effect of Pseudomonas Spp. and Funneliformis Mosseae on Bacterial Spot Disease and Growth Response of Pepper
(Springer, 2024) Cakar, Kamuran; Akkopru, Ahmet; Ucar, Ceylan Pinar
The interaction of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), used in biological control, could determine the outcome of the biocontrol of plant disease. The efficacy of AMF species (Funneliformi mosseae [Fm]) and PGPRs (Pseudomonas spp. V31Y4 and P. fluorescens WCS365) on pepper plant bacterial spot disease caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xe) and host plant growth parameters were investigated. Bacteria biocontrol agents were suppressed significantly the disease severity, however Fm alone was not effective. Combination of Fm and WCS365 was the most successful treatment for disease suppression with a rate of 15% compared with the control. There was no significant difference among treatments with Xe induced defoliation. However, the number of leaves in plants inoculated with Fm and Xe decreased significantly compared with control plants. Nevertheless, single application of Fm and PGPRs significantly increased plant biomass, height and chlorophyll content, and the bacterial strains were more successful. The growth response (GR) value in plants ranged from 22 to 28.6% as a single or combination treatment without the disease pressure. However, under the disease pressure, this value changed from 3.6 to 20.9%. In disease-free conditions, V31Y4 treatment reduced Fm colonization, while WCS365 increased colonization. Conversely, under disease pressure, WCS365 treatment had no effect on Fm colonization while V31Y4 treatment increased it compared with the control. There was no significant relationship between phosphorus content and GR with disease severity.Finally, Fm application increased susceptibility to Xe in pepper plants, but the suitable PGPR and AMF combination treatment was more successful than single applications for disease suppression caused by Xe in pepper plants.
Effects of Rhizobium, Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Whey Applications on Some Properties in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Under Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions 1-Yield, Yield Components, Nodulation and Amf Colonization
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Erman, Murat; Demir, Semra; Ocak, Elvan; Tufenkci, Sefik; Oguz, Faruk; Akkopru, Ahmet
The study aimed to determine the effect of whey application, the inoculation of Glomus intraradices Shench&Shimith and Mesorhizobium ciceri on root colonization, nodulation, yield and the components of yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L cv. Aziziye-94) under rain-fed and irrigation management. Experiments were carried out in a split plot design with four replications in 2003 and 2004. The above-mentioned factors were all applied to plants in single, double and triple combinations. The effect of irrigation was significant, with the heaviest yields being obtained under this treatment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculation, alone or in combination with other treatments, was very effective under rain-fed conditions, resulting in large increases in yield, root colonization and phosphorus content of the seed and shoot. On the other hand, rhizobial inoculation increased significantly all traits examined, particularly root nodulation and the nitrogen content of seeds and shoots under irrigated conditions. Whey combined with AMF significantly increased root colonization while its combination with Rhizobium increased the number of nodules. Combinations of two or three treatments were more effective than individual applications. The greatest yield, root colonization and nodulation were obtained from the combination of all three treatments under irrigation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Identification of Rhizobacteria That Increase Yield and Plant Tolerance To Angular Leaf Spot Disease in Cucumber
(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2018) Akkopru, Ahmet; Ozaktan, Hatice
The biological control of angular leaf spot disease (ALS) of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Psl), using promising rhizobacteria (RB) and to compare RB efficacy to that of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) was investigated. Effects of ASM and RB isolate Pseudomonas putida AA11/1 that was isolated from the healthy cucumber root surface on disease severity and plant growth were evaluated using ALS-susceptible and tolerant cucumber cultivars in a growth chamber and a soilless growing system. ASM and AA11/1 significantly reduced average disease severity of ALS by 69 and 34% in the susceptible cultivar and 92 and 21% in the tolerant cultivar, respectively. ASM treatment significantly reduced Psl populations, but AA11/1 did not inhibit Psl growth in either cultivar. In the soilless system, disease severity was limited by either ASM or AA11/1, whereas only AA11/1 treatments significantly increased cucumber yield by 68 and 33% in the susceptible and tolerant cultivar, respectively.
Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria From the Poaceae Family: Assessing Their Impact on Drought Stress and Plant Growth in Wheat
(Springer, 2025) Akkopru, Ahmet; Taskin, Bilgin; Arpali, Digdem; Ucar, Ceylan Pinar; Yardim, Dilek Ozcan; Ozturkci, Yusuf
Limited water resources and the increasing impact of global warming highlight the importance of endophytic bacteria (EB) given their unique tolerance to drought stress. In this study, we isolated EB from cultivated and wild Poaceae family members grown in arid or challenging environments in Lake Van Basin. We aimed to reveal plant growth promoting (PGP) characters in EB and to determine their potential to promote plant growth and reduce the effect of different drought levels in two different wheat cultivars (Tir (tolerant) and Bezostaja-1). 410 EB were isolated from 135 plants belonging to 19 taxa at different periods. In vitro tests revealed that 73.1% of the isolates can synthesize indole acetic acid (IAA), 34.4% can fix nitrogen, 37% can synthesize 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (ACCd), 37.6% can solubilize phosphorus, and 93.9% can synthesize siderophore. IAA production and phosphorous solubility were the most common characters, coexisting in 59% of EBs. ACCd production, phosphorus solubilization, and nitrogen fixation were the most common features with a triple association of 0.49%. Although isolates selected according to EB characters showed differing effects on coleoptile, root and shoot length, germination percentage, shoot and root weight, and relative water content (RWC) in the early development period (EDP) of Bezostaja-1 cultivar under drought stress, some isolates had negative effects. However, Pseudomonas asturiensis G58S1, Pantoea agglomerans G129K1-1, Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae G129S2, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus G118K1T, and Stenotrophomonas sp. G109K2-K isolates selected according to PGP trials and EDP results showed improved plant biomass, chlorophyll content, membrane permeability, germination power, and RCW, and protective effects against drought.
The Long-Term Colonization Dynamics of Endophytic Bacteria in Cucumber Plants, and Their Effects on Yield, Fruit Quality and Angular Leaf Spot Disease
(Elsevier, 2021) Akkopru, Ahmet; Akat, Sahika; Ozaktan, Hatice; Gul, Ayse; Akbaba, Mustafa
Endophytic bacteria (EB) are ubiquitous in most plant species and they colonize plant tissues actively and systemically. Their colonization and persistence in the plant may be crucial to plant growth, yield and suppressing diseases. In this study, the long-term population dynamics of the two EB, namely Ochrobactrum spp. strain CB36/1 and Pantoea agglomerans strain CC37/2 in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Gordion F1), were monitored. Also, the potential effects of these EB on plant growth, fruit quality, and yield, as well as the influences on Angular leaf spot disease of cucumber (ALS) and the yield under the disease pressure, were investigated. Plants were grown using the soilless cultivation technique in the greenhouse. Inoculation of the EB took place twice, and their population in plant tissues were monitored periodically for 62 days. Both EB isolates survived in plant organs until the end of the growing season, but over time, population densities dropped from 10(5) to 10(3) CFU g. plant 1 with the age of the plant. The EB applications had significant effects on fruit length, color and firmness. Total yield increased by 22% with CB36/1 and 21% with CC37/2 without disease pressure. Only CC37 / 2 significantly reduced the severity of ALS disease by 41% and increased yield by 22% compared to pathogen treatment alone. In this study, it was observed that the EB strain CC37/2 might contribute to reducing the chemical input and prevent the yield losses in soilless growing systems within the integrated agricultural concept.
The Possible Mechanisms of Copper Resistance in the Pathogenpseudomonas Syringaepathovars in Stone Fruit Trees
(Springer, 2020) Husseini, Ahmad; Akkopru, Ahmet
One of the most common diseases affecting Stone-fruits is Bacterial Canker, caused byPseudomonas syringaepv.syringae(Pss) andmorsprunorum(Psm). In this study,PssandPsmwere isolated from stone-fruit trees from the Western Aegean region (WA) and Lake Van Basin (LVB) of Turkey, where pesticide usage is high and low, respectively. We aimed to determine copper resistance levels, the involved resistance mechanisms and the reactions to copper pesticides of these isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and lethal dose 50 (LD50) of the isolates were detected using CuSO(4)and other Cu-pesticides. To determine the mechanisms of copper resistance, the presence ofcopAandcusAgenes was investigated. The modified Fe/Cu Blue-CAS Agar media were used to investigate the relationship between the isolates' copper resistance and each isolate's ability to produce siderophores. The highest MIC value was 2 mM in CuSO4. The tolerance levels of the isolates from the WA and LVB regions were 29% and 47% susceptible, 29% and 47% low resistance and 42% and 6% resistant, respectively. The most successful pesticide was (CuSO4 + Ca (OH)2) + mancozeb. While none of the isolates had thecusAgene, four isolates had thecopAgene, which was proven to be plasmid-borne. Differences betweencopAgene sequences were detected and were determined to be not related to the pathovars. The amount of siderophore produced against copper inPspathovars affected seems to be related with the resistance level. Also,Pspathovars were able to tolerate copper at doses as high as 1.1 mM by producing siderophores, and at doses of 1.7 mM and above through thecopAgene.
Potential Using of Transgenerational Resistance Against Common Bacterial Blight in Phaseolus Vulgaris
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Akkopru, Ahmet
Direct activation of induced resistance is recommended for the prolonged and effective control of plant diseases. However, there are some potential risks to this method in field application. The priming form of resistance has less risk; nevertheless, it is necessary to increase adaptation and efficacy. Recently, it was shown that the priming as a form of resistance mechanism in plants was transferred epigenetically. In our study, the use of this parentally-inherited resistance for disease control and the possibility of increasing resistance capacity were investigated. For this aim, plant growth parameters, population dynamics of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), and severity and development of the common bean bacterial blight disease were investigated in the primed generation obtained from acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) treated parent bean. It was revealed that the primed progeny suppressed the disease by 11%, according to the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Moreover, when the primed progeny were treated with a low dose of ASM (20 mu M), they showed nearly twice the resistance capacity and suppressed the disease by 60%. In primed progeny, ASM treatment significantly slowed the development of Xap populations until the 14th day, also did not adverse effects on plant development. All these results indicated that seed production with this method offers the possibility of increasing the resistance capacity of later generations, just as it ensured the protection of parents. Thus, using the appropriate dose of activator at primed progeny will ensure that the efficacy of control methods is increased, while pesticide inputs can be reduced.
Productivity and Grain Quality of Various Types of Spring Wheat Depending on Seeding Rates and Nutrition Background on Gray Forest Soil of the Pre-Kama Region of the Republic of Tatarstan
(E D P Sciences, 2020) Shaikhutdinov, Farit; Amirov, Marat; Serzhanov, Igor; Garaev, Razil; Akkopru, Ahmet
The results of two-year (2018-2019) studies on the effect of various seeding rates and nutritional backgrounds on the yield and grain quality of two types of spring wheat - soft wheat and emmer wheat (spelt) - are considered. The agrochemical characteristic of the gray forest soil of the experimental plot is as follows: the humus content in the layer of 0-20 cm was 2.9-3.4 % (Tyurin method), mobile phosphorus amount was 176-241 mg, exchange potassium amount was 77-109 mg/kg of soil (Kirsanov method). The degree of saturation with bases was 85.2-87.7 %, the pH of the salt extract was 5.6-5.8. Agrometeorological conditions of 2018-2019, on the whole, met the requirements for early spring crop seeding, HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) was 0.85-1.2. Two levels of mineral nutrition were studied in the experiment (natural background, without fertilizing, NRK for the planned grain yield of 3 t/ha), four seeding rates against each nutrition background: 4, 5, 6 and 7 million germinating seeds per 1 ha. The seedling completeness in both types of wheat over an average of 2 years depended on the seeding rate, regardless of the background of nutrition. In soft wheat of Ulyanovskaya 105 variety, against a natural background, with an increase in the sowing rate from 4 to 7 million germinating seeds per ha, the seedling completeness decreased and amounted to from 82.5 to 76.3 %, in spelt, it was 84.7-78.6 %. On a fertilized ground it was, respectively, 83.4-78.0 and 84.1-77.6 %. Good preservation of plants in both types of wheat from the number of sown seeds and seedlings was noted when the sowing rate was reduced from 7 to 4 million: without fertilizer 82.6-88.5 % in common wheat and 83.5-90.4 % of spelt. On a fertilized ground it amounted, respectively, to 84.3-90.5 and 86.5-92.3 %. Changes in nutritional background by introducing calculated doses of mineral fertilizers for all options with seeding rates on average for 2018-2019 yielded an increase in soft wheat by 0.94 tons of grain per hectare and by 0.61 tons of spelt. The highest conversion efficiency of fertilizers at a sowing rate of 6 million in common wheat was 8.1 kg of grain per 1 kg of a.a., for spelt at a sowing rate of 4 million the figure was 5.6 kg per 1 kg of a.a.
Relationship Between Some Plants Species Belonging To Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Urticaceae Families, and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobacteria
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Gunes, Hasret; Demir, Semra; Akkopru, Ahmet
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) formation on [Brassica oleracea (cauliflower), Spinacia oleracea (spinach),and Urtica urens (stinging nettle)] belonging to Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Urticaceae families, which are known to have a negative influence on the symbiotic life formation with AMF. Two PGPR isolates that contributed to the plant's growth and served as a "mycorrhizal helper" in various hosts were predetermined at the initial stage; then they were applied to three plant species with AMF species [Gigaspora margarita and commercial AMF (ERS)]. The obtained results revealed that combined AMF x PGPR treatments improved the growth and morphological development parameters of cauliflower, spinach, and nettle plants. PGPR bacteria had different effects on AMF root colonization depending on the plant species. The highest root colonization rate was achieved in spinach plants with the commercial AMF treatments. Commercial AMF isolate, alone or in combination with PGPR strains, was also found to increase AMF spore density and mycorrhizal dependency in cauliflower and spinach plants. There was no significant difference in total phosphorus content in cauliflower and nettle compared to the control group, and only one application group (G. margarita x PGPR) in spinach plants had an increase in phosphorus content.
Use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Against Salt Stress for Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Seedling Growth
(Univ Life Sciences Lublin, 2020) Yilmaz, Yagmur; Erdinc, Ceknas; Akkopru, Ahmet; Kipcak, Selma
Salt stress affects many aspects of plant metabolism and as a result, growth and yield are reduced. The aim in this study was to determine the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on tomato plants under salt stress. With this aim, the 'Interland F-1' cv. and bacterial isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis CA41/1, Pseudomonas putida 18/1K, Pseudomonas putida S5/4ep, and Pseudomonas putida 30 were used. Salt application was completed in two different doses of 25 and 50 mM NaCl when seedlings reached the stage of 3 true leaves. At the end of the study, in addition to seedling development criteria, some nutrient element contents and rates (K, Ca, Na, K/Na and Ca/Na), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) and photosynthetic pigment contents were determined. In the stress environment, PGPR inoculation increased K content by up to 10%, while apart from isolate P. putida no.30, the other isolates lowered Na content by up to 18%. Additionally, 18/1K and S5/4ep isolates were identified to reduce membrane injury index by up to 97%. It was identified that CA41/1, 18/1K and S5/4ep isolates were more effective against salt stress, especially. In general, the plant tolerance levels induced by the bacteria were identified to increase with the increase in salt stress.