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Browsing by Author "Akkopru, E."

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    Article
    Identification and Characterization of Two New Obsidian Sub-Sources in the Nemrut Volcano (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey): the Sicaksu and Kayacik Obsidian
    (Elsevier, 2016) Robin, A. K.; Mouralis, D.; Akkopru, E.; Gratuze, B.; Kuzucuoglu, C.; Nomade, S.; Khalidi, L.
    In the framework of the GeObs project (http://geobs.univ-rouen.fr), we performed an exhaustive field study of obsidian lava out cropping of the Nemrut volcano (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). The macroscopic facies and the chemical characteristics of all sub-sources are presented and compared to each other. The Nemrut sub-sources are distinguishable using microscopic facies and geochemistry (LA-ICP-MS) data. We identify and characterize two previously unknown outcrops (Sicaksu and Kayacik) both located in the western part of the volcano. Only one of these two sub-sources, which is located near the Sicaksu village, provides good quality obsidian for knapping. 40Ar/39Ar dating of this sub-source reveals an age of 203 +/- 18 ka. It thus belongs to the early pre-caldera stage of the Nemrut volcano. Chemical analyses and comparison of datasets composed of results from (i) all Nemrut sub-sources sampled, and (ii) various artefacts presented in Khalidi et al. (this volume) and attributed to the Nemrut volcano, clearly match these artefacts to the Sicaksu outcrop. The data obtained from a combination of fieldwork and geochemical analyses demonstrates that the Sicaksu obsidian outcrop was exceptionally important as a source of obsidian raw material for the production of tools and artefacts by prehistoric populations across the Near East. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. In the framework of the GeObs project (http://geobs.univ-rouen.fr), we performed an exhaustive field study of obsidian lava out cropping of the Nemrut volcano (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). The macroscopic facies and the chemical characteristics of all sub-sources are presented and compared to each other. The Nemrut sub-sources are distinguishable using microscopic facies and geochemistry (LA-ICP-MS) data. We identify and characterize two previously unknown outcrops (Sicaksu and Kayacik) both located in the western part of the volcano. Only one of these two sub-sources, which is located near the Sicaksu village, provides good quality obsidian for knapping. 40Ar/39Ar dating of this sub-source reveals an age of 203 +/- 18 ka. It thus belongs to the early pre-caldera stage of the Nemrut volcano. Chemical analyses and comparison of datasets composed of results from (i) all Nemrut sub-sources sampled, and (ii) various artefacts presented in Khalidi et al. (this volume) and attributed to the Nemrut volcano, clearly match these artefacts to the Sicaksu outcrop. The data obtained from a combination of fieldwork and geochemical analyses demonstrates that the Sicaksu obsidian outcrop was exceptionally important as a source of obsidian raw material for the production of tools and artefacts by prehistoric populations across the Near East. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Article
    The Procurement of Obsidian at Arslantepe (Eastern Anatolia) During the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age: Connections With Anatolia and Caucasus
    (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Mouralis, D.; Massussi, M.; Palumbi, G.; Akkopru, E.; Restelli, F. Balossi; Brunstein, D.; Robin, A. -K.
    Arslantepe is a hoyuk (= tell) located within the fertile Malatya Plain, near the right bank of the Euphrates River. The site is excavated since more than 55 years by the Italian Sapienza University archaeologists and reveals periods from at least the sixth millennium BCE until the final destruction of the Neo-Hittite town. This long sequence records the changing relations and connections with various civilizations and regions of the Near East. Using the chemical characterization of a large group of artefacts (388 analysed), we propose, in this paper, a new sourcing of the obsidian used by the inhabitants of Arslantepe from the beginning of the Late Chalcolithic to the end of the Early Bronze Age. The method is based on the portable XRF analyse of the artefacts and their attribution to a geological source using our database collected within the ongoing "GeObs" project (resp. D. Mouralis) in the Eastern Anatolia as well as previous published data in Central Anatolia and Caucasus. Moreover, the chemical characterization is coupled with the techno-functional determination of the artefacts. The present study conducted by an interdisciplinary research group allows to precise the procurement of obsidian in Arslantepe and to better understand the external relations of the site over time. This research also questions and discusses the preferential choice of the obsidian sources through time, in relation with various factors such as distance, quality and abundance of the raw material as well as sociocultural influences. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.