Browsing by Author "Aksu, T"

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The Effect of Different Rations on Some Rumen Fluid and Blood Parameters in Sheep
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2003) Aksu, T; Deniz, S
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different combinations of energy (barley and dried molassed sugar beet pulp (DMSBP)) and protein sources (soybean meal (SBM), cotton-seed meal (CSM), SBM-treated with formaldehyde (FTSBM), CSM-treated with formaldehyde (FTCSM), and urea) on some rumen fluid and blood parameters. In this study, four rumen fistulated Morkaraman rams were used. Rumen pH values were around the optimal pH values suggested for rumen fluid (5.2-7.3) at all sampling times. Ruminal NHO concentrations were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in animals fed DMSBP as an energy source compared with animals fed barley as an energy source and were between 10.4 and 32.75 mg/100 ml in all groups. Formaldehyde treatments of protein sources reduced ruminal NHYN concentrations in animals fed DSBP as an energy source (P < 0.05). Acetic and propionic acid concentrations were affected by the energy source, although butyric acid concentrations were significantly higher in animals fed groups containing barley than in animals fed groups containing DMSBP. Formaldehyde treatment did not affect propionic acid concentrations, although propionic acid concentrations were generally significantly higher (P < 0.05) in animals fed barley + SBM combinations compared to treatments containing both SBM and CSM combinations (P < 0.05). Serum total protein concentrations were affected by the energy source and these were higher in groups containing DMSBP than in groups containing barley (P < 0.05). However, serum urea-N concentrations were similar among the different diets.
Effects of a Bacterial Silage Inoculant on Corn Silage Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2004) Aksu, T; Baytok, E; Bolat, D
Two type silage were prepared, the control had no additives and the other silage with a bacterial inoculant (BONSILAGE(R). Both of them were stored in 100 kg capacity plastic containers for two months and silage pH, organic acids and nutrient digestibility were investigated. In control and inoculated silage pH were 3.90 and 3.63 (P < 0.05), amount of lactic acid 16.75 and 22.45 9 kg(-1) DM (P < 0.05), acetic acid 49.48 and 51.65 g kg(-1) DM, and butyric acid 7.12 and 5.44 g kg(-1) DM (P < 0.05), respectively. Eight Morkaraman sheeps, 2 years old, were used to determine nutrient digestibility of corn silages. In control and inoculated silages, the degrees of digestibility of DM were 59.73, 68.53%, OM 64.10, 66.95%, CP 48.39, 50.30%, NDF 63.35, 66.11%, and ADF 55.33, 59.35%. In conclusion, corn silage fermentation and digestibility of DM and NDF were increased (P < 0.05) by the bacterial inoculation (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Different Silage Additives on Rumen Protozoan Number and Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration in Sheep Fed Corn Silage
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2003) Dönmez, N; Karsli, MA; Çinar, A; Aksu, T; Baytok, E
The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of different silage additives on protozoan population, genera and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and percentage of VFAs in corn silage. Four ruminally fistulated Morkaraman x Kivircik lambs were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 14-day adaptation and 1-day sampling periods. The animals were offered 20% cottonseed meal and 80% corn silage with or without treatment with silage additives, ad libitum intake. Silages used in the experiment were corn silage without treatment, treated with 5% molasses, 0.05% formic acid, and 10 g/t enzyme. Total protozoan number was significantly different among treatments (P < 0.05). It was the highest in sheep fed silage treated with molasses (313.2 x 10(3) ml(-1)) and the lowest in sheep fed silage treated with formic acid (168.0 x 10(3) ml(-1)). Entodinium, Epidinium, Isotricha, Dasytricha, Diplodinium, and Osphyroxscolex types were observed in all treatments, but major protozoan genera were Entodinium, comprising 61-69% of total protozoan population. Total VFA concentration was significantly less in sheep fed enzyme-treated silage compared with other treatments. Percentage of acetic acidwas significantly lower (P < 0.05) in sheep fed silage treated with molasses compared with other treatments, but percentages of propionic acid, and butyric acid were similar among treatments. Ruminal ammonia-N concentrations ranged from 7.71 to 15.87 mg/dl and were lowest in sheep fed enzyme-treated silage among treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the highest protozoan counts were observed in the rumen of sheep fed corn silage treated with molasses. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of Formic Acid, Molasses and Inoculant Additives on Corn Silage Composition, Organic Matter Digestibility and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Sheep
(Elsevier, 2006) Aksu, T; Baytok, E; Karsli, MA; Muruz, H
This study examined the production of com silages with low or high lactic acid concentrations, provided by the addition of formic acid (0.5%), molasses (5%) or microbial inoculant (homofermentative lactic acid bacteria, 10 g/tonne). After the fermentation period, sheep were fed the silages to determine true and apparent digestibility of the organic matter and microbial protein synthesis. The experiment were carried out with four KivircikxMorkaraman sheep, 1.5 years old, fixed with cannula in their rumen and duodenum. Lactic acid concentrations were significantly higher in silages treated with enzyme or molasses compared to other specific treatments. Acetic acid concentration was highest in silage treated with formic acid, and lowest in silage treated with molasses (P < 0.05). The by-pass of crude protein was highest in silage treated with formic acid. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Formic Acid, Molasses and Inoculant as Silage Additives on Corn Silage Composition and Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics in Sheep
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2005) Baytok, E; Aksu, T; Karsli, MA; Muruz, H
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of formic acid, molasses, and microbial inoculant (homofermentative lactic acid bacteria) as silage additives on silage quality and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Silages with or without formic acid (0.5%), molasses (5%), or microbial inoculant (10 g/t) were fed to ruminally cannulated, 1.5 year-old Kivircik x Morkaraman sheep. Silage treated with molasses had significantly greater DM and CP concentrations compared with other groups (P < 0.05). pH values did not significantly differ among treatments (P > 0.05). Lactic acid concentrations were significantly higher in silages treated with enzyme or molasses compared with others (P < 0.05). While acetic acid concentration was the highest in silage treated with acid, it was the lowest in silage treated with molasses (P < 0.05). Silage NH3-N concentration was the highest in silage treated with molasses, but the lowest in silage treated with acid (P < 0.05). Post-feeding ruminal total organic acid concentrations were significantly greater in sheep fed silages with additive than the control (P < 0.05). While percentages of acetic acid were greater, percentages of butyric acids were less in the rumen fluid of sheep fed silage without additive compared with the rumen fluid of sheep fed silage treated with silage additives. However, percentages of propionic acid did not differ among treatments.
The Possibilities of Using Sugar Beet Pulp Silage Produced by Different Methods in Lamb and Dairy Cow Rations - 1 - Obtaining High Quality Sugar Beet Pulp Silage
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2001) Deniz, S; Demirel, M; Tuncer, SD; Kaplan, O; Aksu, T
In this study, how to obtain high quality sugar beet pulp silage was investigated. Sugar beet pulp was mixed with wheat straw or grass hay in order to increase the level of dry matter to 20, 25 and 30%, and 5% molasses and different levels of urea were added (0, 1, 1.5 and 2% for wheat straw containing groups; 0, 0.5 and 1% for grass hay containing groups). The mixed materials were stored in containers of one kg for two months. At the end of the incubation period, the containers were opened and the silages were evaluated by measuring the fermentation characteristics. The crude protein content of the silages increased due to the added urea level. The pH and the amounts of lactic, acetic and butyric acids were found to be between 3.72 and 4.40, 31.17 and 71.51 g dry matter kg(-1), 12.61 and 35.35 g dry matter kg(-1). and 0.06 and 2.56 g dry matter kg(-1). respectively (P<0.05). Finally, it is possible to obtain high quality sugar beet pulp silage by increasing its dry matter content (20-30%) with wheat straw or grass hay and adding sugar beet molasses (5%). Urea supplementation also increases the nitrogen content of silage.