Browsing by Author "Alkan, Ozer"

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Assessment of Gingival Biotype and Keratinized Gingival Width of Maxillary Anterior Region in Individuals With Different Types of Malocclusion
(Aves Press Ltd, 2018) Alkan, Ozer; Kaya, Yesim; Alkan, Eylem A.; Keskin, Siddik; Cochran, David L.
Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship of gingival thickness and width of keratinized gingiva with different malocclusion groups and amount of crowding. Methods: A total of 181 periodontally healthy subjects were enrolled in the present study. The study participants were divided into three malocclusion groups: Angle Class I, Angle Class II, and Angle Class III.Each group was divided into subgroups according to the amount of dental crowding, namely mild, moderate, and severe. The width of keratinized gingiva was calculated as the distance between mucogingival junction and free gingival margin, whereas gingival thickness was determined by a transgingival probing technique. Results:Tooth numbers 13 and 23 were observed to have thin gingival biotype. The width of keratinized gingiva for tooth numbers 13 and 23 was narrower in the severe crowding group than in the moderate and mild crowding groups. The relationship of gingival thickness and width of keratinized gingiva with Angle classification was not found to be significant. Conclusion: Although it is thought that there is a relationship between gingival thickness, width of keratinized gingiva, and Angle classification with regard to malaligned teeth, this cross-sectional evaluation of 181 patients failed to show a significant relationship.
Changes in Occlusal Surface Area and Occlusal Force Distribution Following the Wear of Vacuum-Formed, Hawley and Bonded Retainers: a Controlled Clinical Trial
(Wiley, 2020) Alkan, Ozer; Kaya, Yesim
To evaluate the changes in occlusal surface area (OSA) and occlusal force distribution (OFD) following the wear of Vacuum-formed (VFR), Hawley (HR) and Bonded (BR) retainers, using T-Scan III. A total of 60 subjects using three different maxillary and mandibular orthodontic retainers, VFR (n:20), HR (n:20) and BR (n:20), were included in this study. The changes in OSA and OFD were evaluated using the T-Scan III. The evaluations were made 2 hours after debonding orthodontic appliances (T0) and in the 3rd (T1) and 6th (T2) months of the retention phase. For left (LDA), right (RDA) and posterior dental arches (PDA), intragroup comparison of OSA showed significant increase in the VFR and HR groups at T1-T2 and T0-T2 time intervals and in the BR group at T0-T1 and T0-T2 time intervals. For the anterior dental arch (ADA), only the increase in the HR group at T0-T1 and T0-T2 time intervals was found significant. When compared between the groups, the changes between HR and BR groups detected at T1-T2 time interval for the RDA and at T0-T1 and T0-T2 time intervals for the ADA were found significant. Intragroup comparison of OFD displayed significant changes only in the BR group. At T0-T1 time interval, the decrease in the ADA and the increase in the PDA were found significant. Also, intergroup OFD comparison exhibited significant differences between HR and BR groups at T0-T1 time interval for ADA and PDA. Although no significant differences were found between the VFR group, the increase in OSA occurred faster in the PDA in the BR group, whereas in the ADA it was significant only in the HR group.
Changes in the Gingival Thickness and Keratinized Gingival Width of Maxillary and Mandibular Anterior Teeth After Orthodontic Treatment
(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, inc, 2021) Alkan, Ozer; Kaya, Yesim; Tunca, Murat; Keskin, Siddik
Objectives: To evaluate changes in the gingival thickness (GT) and keratinized gingival width (KGW) of the maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors and canines after fixed orthodontic treatment and their association with sagittal tooth movement (STM). Materials and Methods: In this study of both arches, 60 periodontally healthy subjects who had completed fixed orthodontic treatment were included. Using pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms, STM of the maxillary (1-NA angle and distance, and 1-SN angle) and mandibular (1-NB angle and distance, and IMPA angle) incisors were evaluated to divide the subjects into protrusion and retrusion groups. Pretreatment and posttreatment GT was identified via transgingival probing, and KGW was calculated from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. Results: The intragroup pretreatment and posttreatment comparison results showed a significant decrease in the GT of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth in the protrusion and retrusion groups and a decrease in the KGW of the maxillary lateral incisors in the protrusion group. Pearson correlation coefficient analyses for maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth revealed that the GT changes were not significantly associated with STM. However, a positive correlation existed between the KGW of tooth numbers 13 and 41 and STM. Conclusions: STM was not significantly associated with decreased GT of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, but it was positively correlated with the KGW of tooth numbers 13 and 41.
Computerized Occlusal Analysis of Essix and Hawley Retainers Used During the Retention Phase: a Controlled Clinical Trial
(Urban & Vogel, 2020) Alkan, Ozer; Kaya, Yesim; Keskin, Siddik
Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the occlusal force distribution (OFD), individual tooth force (ITF), and occlusal surface area (OSA) of Essix and Hawley retainers, using T-Scan III (Tekscan Inc., South Boston, MA, USA) analysis. Materials and methods A total of 35 subjects were randomly assigned to one of the retention groups following fixed orthodontic treatment. While 18 of these subjects were provided with Essix retainers, 17 were given Hawley retainers. Computerized occlusal analysis of the patients' dentitions was performed using T-Scan III. The evaluations were made after debonding (T0) and at month 3 (T1), month 6 (T2) and 1 year (T3) after the retention phase. Results The changes in OFD were significant only in the Hawley group for the left/right half jaws and the right posterior quadrants when comparing the T2-T3 time interval. Also, the differences between the groups were significant only for the left half jaw for the T0-T2 time interval and for the right half jaw when comparing the T0-T2 and the T2-T3 time intervals. The changes in ITF were insignificant within groups, but significant between the groups for tooth 11 and 22. Although there was an increase observed in OSA for both groups, the difference between the groups was insignificant. However, the OSA increase in the Essix group for the left/right anterior quadrants was significant only for the T0-T2 and the T0-T3 time intervals, while in both groups, for the posterior left quadrant, the OSA was insignificant only for the T0-T1 time interval. Conclusions Although OSA increased when using both retention appliances, OFD did not change.
Eeffect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Peri-Miniscrew Fluid Prostaglandin E2 and Substance P Levels: a Controlled Clinical Trial
(Aves, 2021) Alkan, Ozer; Kaya, Yesim; Yuksek, Esra; Komuroglu, Ahmet Ufuk
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy on peri-miniscrew fluid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and substance P (SP) levels during orthodontic treatment. Methods: A total of 15 individuals were included in this study. Miniscrews were inserted to the inter-radicular region of the maxillary right and left second premolar and the first molar teeth, and diode lasers were randomly applied to the right or left side. Irradiation was performed at 940 nm wavelength using a gallium-aluminum-arsenide diode laser with 100 mW power output, 0.125 cm(2) spectral area, 8 J/cm(2) energy density, and 10 seconds of exposure time. Peri-miniscrew fluid samples were collected on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days, and PGE2 and SP levels were assessed. For statistical comparison, two-way (factors) analysis of variance with repeated measurements on one-factor levels was used at statistical significance (p) of <0.05. Results: PGE2 levels on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days were 160.64 +/- 10.05, 135.17 +/- 37.18, and 98.57 +/- 22.94, respectively, in the control group and 150.75 +/- 9.08, 87.17 +/- 40.67, and 78.10 +/- 16.50, respectively, in the laser group. SP levels on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days were 79.90 +/- 12.05, 64.61 +/- 10.05, and 70.05 +/- 9.10, respectively, in the control group and 76.32 +/- 11.39, 60.25 +/- 9.08, and 65.71 +/- 5.59, respectively, in the laser group. The differences in PGE2 and SP levels between the laser and control groups were not statistically significant at all time intervals. Conclusion: Low-level laser therapy cannot be recommended as a clinical adjunct therapy to reduce inflammation and pain around the miniscrews.
Effects of Ibuprofen and Low-Level Laser Therapy on Orthodontic Pain by Means of the Analysis of Interleukin 1-Beta and Substance P Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid
(Urban & Vogel, 2021) Kaya, Yesim; Alkan, Ozer; Komuroglu, Ahmet Ufuk; Keskin, Siddik
Objective The goal of this study was to compare the effects of ibuprofen and low-level laser therapy in alleviating orthodontic pain observed after elastomeric separator placement (ESP) by means of the analysis of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 beta) and substance P (SP) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and visual analog scale (VAS). Materials and methods A total of 60 subjects requiring ESP for the banding of maxillary first molars were randomly assigned to the ibuprofen, laser, and control groups. The ibuprofen and control groups received, respectively, 400 mg ibuprofen and placebo lactose tablets orally 1 h before ESP; the laser group received a single low-level laser irradiation session immediately after ESP. GCF samples were collected immediately after ESP (day 0) and on days 1, 3, and 7. Pain intensity was evaluated using the VAS immediately after ESP (baseline) and at hours 2 and 6, as well as on days 1, 3, and 7. Results Although IL-1 beta levels increased significantly on days 1, 3, and 7 compared to day 0, intergroup comparison results revealed insignificant differences. SP levels indicated insignificant within-group differences. Only the SP levels of the ibuprofen group showed a significant decrease on days 0 and 1 compared to the laser and control groups. In all groups, VAS scores increased from baseline to a peak level on day 1, followed by a significant decrease on days 3 and 7. Intergroup comparison results of VAS scores indicated less pain intensity in the ibuprofen group compared to the control group at baseline. Conclusions Only the ibuprofen group exhibited significant decreases in SP levels on days 0 and 1, as well as in VAS scores at baseline.
Effects of Ozone and Prophylactic Antimicrobial Applications on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets
(Aves Press Ltd, 2017) Alkan, Ozer; Coven, Betul Oktay; Ozcopur, Betul; Kazanci, Fatih; Kaya, Yesim; Aydogan, Cihan; Eskitascioglu, Gurcan
Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ozone and prophylactic antimicrobial applications on the shear bond strengths and bond failure interfaces of orthodontic brackets. Methods: Sixty human canine teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=20), receiving the following treatments: Group I-pumice prophylaxis (Isler Dental, Ankara, Turkey)+37% orthophosphoric acid (Dentsply, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)+Transbond XT primer and adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA); Group II-prophylaxis paste (Topex, NJ, USA)+37% orthophosphoric acid (Dentsply, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)+Transbond XT primer and adhesive paste (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA); and Group III-ozone application (Biozonix GmbH, Munich, Germany)+37% orthophosphoric acid (Dentsply, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)+Transbond XT primer and adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA). All specimens were stored at 37 degrees C water for 24 h. Shear bond strength was assessed using a universal testing device (Autograph AGS-X; Shimadzu, Japan). Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were obtained through examination of teeth under stereomicroscope at 10x magnification after debonding. Results: Shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets were 16.10, 18.01, and 19.23 MPa for Groups I, II, and III, respectively. No statistically significant difference in shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets was found among the groups (p=0.273), based on Kruskal-Wallis analysis. Additionally, no significant difference was found in the ARI scores of each group using chi-square analysis (p=0.992). Conclusion: Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and ARI scores was not found to be negatively impacted by ozone application.
An Evaluation of the Gingival Biotype and the Width of Keratinized Gingiva in the Mandibular Anterior Region of Individuals With Different Dental Malocclusion Groups and Levels of Crowding
(Korean Assoc Orthodontists, 2017) Kaya, Yesim; Alkan, Ozer; Keskin, Siddik
Objective: To evaluate the relationship of gingival thickness (GT) and the width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) with different malocclusion groups and the level of crowding. Methods: A total of 187 periodontally healthy subjects (121 females and 66 males) who presented at the Faculty of Dentistry in Yuzuncu Yil University for orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the study. The individuals involved in the study were divided into three groups; Angle Class I malocclusion, Angle Class II malocclusion, and Angle Class III malocclusion. Each group was classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to the level of crowding. WKG was determined as the distance between the mucogingival junction and the free gingival margin. GT was determined by the transgingival probing technique. Factorial variance analysis and the Duncan multiple comparison test were employed to identify the extent to which a difference was apparent between the groups according to these parameters. Results: It was determined that teeth in the mandibular anterior region display the thin gingival biotype. WKG and GT were observed as being higher at the mandibular incisor teeth in the severe crowding group and at the mandibular canine teeth in the mild crowding group. The GT of the mandibular right central and lateral incisors was found to be thinner in the Angle Class III group. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the results demonstrate that, there is no significant relationship of WKG and the mean GT in the mandibular anterior region according to the Angle classification.
Gingival Thicknesses of Maxillary and Mandibular Anterior Regions in Subjects With Different Craniofacial Morphologies
(Mosby-elsevier, 2018) Kaya, Yesim; Alkan, Ozer; Alkan, Eylem Ayhan; Keskin, Siddik
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean gingival thicknesses of the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions in subjects with different craniofacial morphologies. Methods: For each dental arch, 128 periodontally healthy orthodontic patients with normal values of maxillary incisor position (1/NA, angle and distance; and 1/SN, angle) and mandibular incisor position (1/NB, angle and distance; and IMPA) were enrolled in the study. Craniofacial morphology of the participants was evaluated in the sagittal (ANB angle) and vertical directions (SN/GoGn angle) on lateral cephalograms. In the sagittal direction, the subjects were divided into 3 groups as Class I, Class II, and Class III. Each group was classified as low angle, normal, or high angle in the vertical direction. Mean gingival thicknesses of the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions were determined by the ratio of the sum of gingival thickness of the relevant teeth, measured by the transgingival probing technique, to the number of teeth. Results: Mean gingival thicknesses of the maxillary anterior region were 1.173 +/- 0.61, 1.103 +/- 0.207, and 1.130 +/- 0.244 mm in the Class I, Class II, and Class III groups and 1.084 +/- 0.150, 1.136 +/- 0.247, and 1.159 +/- 0.249 mm in the low angle, normal, and high angle groups, respectively. Mean gingival thicknesses of the mandibular anterior region were 0.710 +/- 0.156, 0.741 +/- 0.176, and 0.691 +/- 0.157 mm in the Class I, Class II, and Class III groups and 0.705 +/- 0.184, 0.701 +/- 0.132, and 0.735 +/- 0.174 mm in the low angle, normal, and high angle groups, respectively. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the mean gingival thicknesses of the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean gingival thicknesses of the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Enamel Color Changes After Treatment With Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
(Mosby-elsevier, 2018) Kaya, Yesim; Alkan, Ozer; Degirmenci, Alperen; Keskin, Siddik
Introduction: The aim of this study was the long-term follow-up of enamel color changes observed in the middle third of buccal tooth surfaces after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: The study included 120 maxillary central and lateral incisors and canines of 20 subjects who had fixed orthodontic treatment. The Spectro Shade Micro device (MHT, Verona, Italy) was used to evaluate the color changes of the teeth. Measurements were made from the middle third of the buccal surfaces of the teeth after fixed orthodontic treatment and in month 3, month 6, and year 1 of the retention phase. The Commission Internationale de I'Echairage L* a* b* system that expresses the color coordinates in L*, a*, and b* symbols was used to determine the tooth color, and Delta E values between the time periods were calculated. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used in evaluating the color changes. Results: The increases in Delta L values at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after treatment were statistically significant, whereas they were not statistically significant from months 3 to 6, month 3 to year 1, or month 6 to year 1. The decrease in Delta a and the increase in Delta b values were not statistically significant. Delta E values at all time periods were statistically significant within themselves, and the greatest change was observed 1 year after treatment. Delta E values were 1.52 to 3.57, and a visible but clinically acceptable color change occurred. Conclusions: In the first 3 months, there was a significant increase in the lightness of the tooth color.
Morphological Comparison of Cervical Vertebrae in Adult Females With Different Sagittal Craniofacial Patterns: a Cross-Sectional Study
(Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2016) Alkan, Ozer; Aydogan, Cihan; Akkaya, Sevil
Introduction: Cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) methods have gained popularity to assess growth and development status for orthodontic patients. Although craniofacial and craniocervical structures are known to be associated, there is no evidence in the literature if this relation might negatively affect the accuracy of CVM assessments. Therefore, this study aimed to comparatively investigate the sizes of the 2(nd), 3(rd), and 4(th) cervical vertebrae in adult females (radius union stage of skeletal maturity) who have different sagittal skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 151 lateral cephalometric radiographs of adult female patients were assessed in the study. Patients were assigned to three groups according to ANB angle. Parameters including concavity depth at the lower border of the 2(nd), 3(rd), and 4(th) cervical vertebrae and base length, upper border length, body length, posterior height, anterior height, and body height of the 3(rd) and 4(th) cervical vertebrae bodies were measured. One-way analysis of variance was used for between-group comparisons. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between groups in terms of concavity depth at the lower borders of the 2(nd), 3(rd), and 4(th) cervical vertebrae (P 0.05). Base length, upper border length, body length, posterior height, anterior height, and body height of the 3(rd) and 4(th) cervical vertebrae were also similar between groups (P 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study supports that sagittal craniofacial pattern has no effect on the accuracy of using the methods assessing CVM and calculating cervical vertebral age.
Patients' and Parents' Concerns and Decisions About Orthodontic Treatment
(Korean Assoc Orthodontists, 2016) Kazanci, Fatih; Aydogan, Cihan; Alkan, Ozer
Objective: Patients' and parents' expectations are important in orthodontic treatment decision making. The literature generally demonstrates the perceived benefits of orthodontic treatment, but patients' and their parents' concerns about orthodontic treatment have not been investigated comprehensively. The aim of this study was to identify patients' and parents' concerns about orthodontic treatment and compare them according to sex, age, and treatment demand level. Methods: One hundred and eighty-nine children and their parents were interviewed about concerns related to orthodontic treatment. Patients and parents were asked about orthodontic treatment decisions. Answers were recorded as "yes," "no," or "don't know." Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare concerns between age groups, sexes, and treatment demand levels. Kappa statistics were used to assess agreement between patients and their parents. Results: Concerns about orthodontic treatment were gathered under 10 items as follows: "feeling pain," "the appearance of braces," "being teased," "avoiding smiling," "speech problems," "dietary changes," "problems with transportation," "economic problems," "long treatment duration," and "missing school." There was no statistically significant difference in concerns between the sexes or age groups. Some concern items and treatment demand were inversely related in patients. Cohclusions: The results of this study demonstrate patients' and parents' concerns about orthodontic treatment. Differences between the concerns of patients with different treatment demands imply that children might reject orthodontic treatment because of their concerns. Appropriate consultation of patients addressing their concerns may help reduce anxiety and improve the acceptance of treatment.
The Thickness of Posterior Buccal Attached Gingiva at Common Miniscrew Insertion Sites in Subjects With Different Facial Types
(Mosby-elsevier, 2019) Alkan, Ozer; Kaya, Yesim
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the thicknesses of maxillary and mandibular posterior buccal approximal attached gingiva at common miniscrew insertion sites, which has critical importance in deter- mining miniscrew length, in subjects with different facial types. Methods: One hundred seventy-four subjects with no transversal skeletal discrepancy were included in this study. The facial types of these subjects were evaluated in the sagittal and vertical directions. In the sagittal direction, the subjects were assigned into 3 groups: skeletal Class I, II, and III. Also, each of these groups was divided into subgroups in the vertical direction: low angle, norm, and high angle. Transgingival probing was used to measure the thickness of the buccal attached gingiva. Results: The thickness of the buccal attached gingiva between the second premolar-first molar ranged from 1.18 +/- 0.33 to 1.46 +/- 0.28 mm and from 1.28 +/- 0.30 to 1.58 +/- 0.37 mm in the maxilla and mandible, respectively. The thickness of the buccal attached gingiva between the first-second molars ranged from 1.31 +/- 0.41 to 1.60 +/- 0.62 mm and from 1.36 +/- 0.43 to 1.72 +/- 0.52 mm in the maxilla and mandible, respectively. In terms of the thicknesses of the buccal attached gingiva of second premolar-first molar and first-second molars, no statistically significant difference was found between subjects with different facial types. Conclusions: It was determined that the thicknesses of maxillary and mandibular posterior buccal approximal attached gingiva varied between 1.18-1.72. At this point, the insertion of miniscrews of 7-8 mm in length was recommended for maxillary and mandibular posterior buccal regions, in order to obtain adequate insertion depth.