Browsing by Author "Altindag, Fikret"

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Ameliorative Effects of Chitosan on Fluoride-Induced Kidney Injury in Rats: a Stereological and Immunohistochemical Study
(Springer, 2025) Altindag, Fikret; Ozdek, Ugur
The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of chitosan (CS) on fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity. 28 rats were divided into four groups (n = 7). The Control group received drinking water. Sodium fluoride (NaF) group received 100 mg/L NaF in drinking water. NaF + CS group received 100 mg/L NaF and 250 mg/kg/day CS by gastric gavage. CS group was given 250 mg/kg/day CS by gavage. The study period lasted 12 weeks. Total kidney volume, Bowman's capsule volume, Bowman's space volume, Tubular volume and Glomerulus volume were measured by stereological methods. Immunohistochemically, caspase-3 and TNF-alpha expressions were evaluated. Biochemically, levels of urea and creatinine were measured. In addition, a histopathological evaluation of the kidney was performed. According to the control group, an increase was observed in all stereological parameters except glomerulus volume in the NaF group. CS treatment inhibited the increase in stereological parameters. Fluoride increased expressions of caspase-3 and TNF-alpha in the kidney, and serum urea and creatine levels, but CS decreased these parameters. In addition, pathological changes in the kidney caused by fluoride such as tubular dilatation, enlargement of the Bowman's space, and deterioration in tubular epithelial cells were restored with CS treatment. The conclusions of the current study reveal that fluoride can cause nephrotoxicity and CS treatment can prevent fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity. [GRAPHICS] .
Ameliorative Effects of Scutellaria Pinnatifida Subsp. Pichleri (Stapf) Rech.f. Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Chemical Composition, Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation
(Bmc, 2023) Bakac, Mehmet Salih; Dogan, Abdulahad; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Altindag, Fikret; Donmez, Fatih; Battal, Abdulhamit
BackgroundsScutellaria Pinnatifida subsp. pichleri (Stapf) Rech.f. (SP) is used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the study was to determine the phenolic profile of SP extract (SPE) by LC-MS/MS and to investigate the antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of SPE in streptozotosin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model.MethodsForty-two rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 7): Control (nondiabetic), diabetes mellitus (DM), DM + SP-100 (diabetic rats treated with SPE, 100 mg/kg/day), DM + SP-200 (diabetic rats treated with SPE, 200 mg/kg/day), DM + SP-400 (diabetic rats treated with SPE, 400 mg/kg/day) and DM + Gly-3 (diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide, 3 mg/kg/day). Live body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, antidiabetic, serum biochemical and lipid profile parameters, antioxidant defense system, malondyaldehyde (MDA) and histopathological examinations in liver, kidney and pancreas were evaluated.ResultsApigenin, luteolin, quinic acid, cosmosiin and epigallocatechin were determined to be the major phenolic compounds in the SPE. Administration of the highest dose of SP extract (400 mg/kg) resulted in a significant reduction in FBG levels and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats, indicating an antihyperglycemic effect. SPE (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide significantly improved MDA in liver and kidney tissues. In addition, SPE contributed to the struggle against STZ-induced oxidative stress by stimulating antioxidant defense systems. STZ induction negatively affected liver, kidney and pancreas tissues according to histopathological findings. Treatment with 400 mg/kg and glibenclamide attenuated these negative effects.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the extract of the aerial part of Scutellaria pinnatifida subsp. pichleri has hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and insulin secretion stimulating effects against STZ-induced diabetes and its complications due to its antidiabetic and antioxidant phytochemicals such as apigenin, luteolin, quinic acid, cosmosiin and epigallocatechin.
Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation of Systemic and Ocular Toxicity of Favipiravir in Rats
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Ozcan, Delil; Ozcelik, Fatih; Mammadov, Renad; Aktas, Mehmet; Altindag, Fikret; Alkan, Abdurrahman Alpaslan; Suleyman, Halis
Purpose: Favipiravir (FAV) used against COVID-19 is an antiviral drug that causes adverse reactions, such as hyperuricaemia, liver damage, and hematopoetic toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the systemic and ocular side-effects of FAV in rats, for the first time.Materials and methods: A total of 18 albino male Wistar rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups as the healthy group (HG), the group given 50 mg/kg/day favipiravir (FAV50), and the group given 200 mg/kg/d favipiravir (FAV200). These doses were given to the experimental groups for one week. At the end of the experiment histopathological examinations were performed on the conjunctiva and sclera of the eye. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were measured in blood samples taken from rats. Results: Compared to HG, the MDA (1.37 +/- 0.61 vs. 4.82 +/- 1.40 mu mol/mL), IL-1 beta (2.52 +/- 1.14 vs. 6.67 +/- 1.99 pg/mL), and TNF-alpha levels (3.28 +/- 1.42 vs. 8.53 +/- 3.06 pg/mL) of the FAV200 group were higher. The levels of tGSH (7.58 +/- 1.98 vs. 2.50 +/- 0.98 nmol/mL) and SOD (13.63 +/- 3.43 vs. 3.81 +/- 1.43 U/mL) the FAV200 group were lower than the HG (p < 0.05, for all). The degree of damage to the cornea and sclera of the FAV200 group was quite high according to HG (p < 0.001). Conclusions: FAV can cause damage to rat conjunctiva and sclera by increasing oxidant stress and inflammation at high dose.
Can Pirfenidone Prevent Tendon Adhesions? an Experimental Study in Rats
(Turkish Joint Diseases Foundation, 2023) Turkozu, Tulin; Guven, Necip; Altindag, Fikret; Tokyay, Abbas; Gokalp, M. Ata; Ismailov, Ulan; Akkol, Suna
Objectives: In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of oral pirfenidone (PFD) treatment on preventing tendon adhesion and tendon healing in rats. Materials and methods: A total of 21 rats were assigned into three groups including seven rats in each group. In Group 1 (sham group), no surgical procedure was performed. In Group 2 (control group), tendon repair was performed following right achillotomy. In Group 3 (treatment group), the rats also underwent tendon repair after right achillotomy. Additionally, 30 mg/kg of oral PFD was initiated from the postoperative Day 1 and administered via gavage for 28 days. At the end of the study, tendon healing and fibrosis levels in the tendon repair site were compared macroscopically, histopathologically, and immunohistochemically among the groups. Results: Macroscopically, moderate and severe adhesions were observed in four and three rats, respectively in the control group, while no adhesion was found in four rats and filmy adhesions were observed in three rats in the treatment group (p<0.01). Microscopically, there was moderate adhesions in three rats and severe adhesions in four rats in the control group, while three rats had no adhesions and four rats had slight adhesions in the treatment group (p<0.01). Microscopically, tendon healing was good in six rats and fair in one rat in the control group, while five rats showed excellent tendon healing and two rats showed good tendon healing in the treatment group (p<0.01). Immunohistochemically, expressions of collagen I (p<0.01), collagen III (p<0.001), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p<0.001), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (p<0.001) significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our study results indicated that PFD decreased collagen synthesis and prevented the formation of peritendinous adhesion in rats; however, it did not impair tendon healing.
Combined Treatment of Sinapic Acid and Ellagic Acid Attenuates Hyperglycemia in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Altindag, Fikret; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Ozdek, Ugur; Koyun, Necat; Alhalboosi, Jamal Khalid Ismael; Elasan, Sadi
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of individual and combined treatment of sinapic acid (SA) and ellagic acid (EA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Rats were divided into eight groups (n = 7): Normal Control, Diabetic Control, Diabetic + Sinapic Acid, Diabetic + Ellagic Acid, Diabetic + Sinapic Acid + Ellagic Acid, Sinapic Acid, Ellagic Acid and Sinapic Acid + Ellagic Acid. Diabetic groups were injected with a single dose of 50 mg/kg STZ intraperitoneally. Rats received 20 mg/kg/day SA and 50 mg/kg/day EA intragastrically for 28 days. The numerical density of immunopositive beta-cells and volume density of pancreatic islets were calculated. Additionally, glucose and insulin levels in serum, MDA, GSH, and CAT levels of pancreatic tissue were measured. While serum glucose levels increased, serum insulin levels decreased in STZ-induced diabetic rats. But these changes in glucose and insulin were restored by individual and combined treatments of SA and EA. Also, individual and combined treatments of SA and EA increased insulin expression of beta-cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, these compounds improved deteriorating oxidative stress parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Our study indicates that SA and EA, especially their combined treatments, can be used as an antihyperglycemic agent in diabetes.
Ecotoxicological Effects of Bimetallic Pdni/Mwcnt and Pdcu/Mwcnt Nanoparticles Onto Dna Damage and Oxidative Stress in Earthworms
(Springernature, 2022) Kokturk, Mine; Altindag, Fikret; Nas, Mehmet Salih; Calimli, Mehmet Harbi
Bimetallic nanoparticles are synthesized using two different metal elements and used recently in many fields. However, limited studies related to the ecotoxic effects of nanoparticles available in the literature. The purpose of this study is to synthesize and characterize bimetallic PdCu/MWCNT and PdNi/MWCNT NPs and investigate their ecotoxic effects on earthworms. For this purpose, we injected approximately 20 mu L of various concentrations of bimetallic PdCu/MWCNT and PdNi/MWCNT NPs (1, 10, 100, 1000, and 2000 mg/L) into the coelomic space of earthworms. We evaluated survival rate, malformations, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, 8-OHdG content, and histopathological changes in earthworms at the 48th hour after exposure. PdCu/MWCNT and PdNi/MWCNT NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and Raman-scattering spectroscopy. Toxicological examinations showed that PdCu/MWCNT NPs reduced the survival rate of earthworms (2000 mg/L, 84%) and caused various malformations (various lesions, thinning, swelling, and rupture), but nonsignificant effects of survival rate and malformations were observed in earthworms using PdNi/MWCNT NPs. The histopathological examinations of earthworm tissues exposed with PdNi/MWCNT determined that tissues in all treatment groups had a normal histological appearance. However, at a concentration of 2000 mg/L of PdCu/MWCNT NPs, atrophy in the longitudinal muscle layer and less degenerative cells in the epidermis layer were observed in earthworm tissues. It was determined that PdNi/MWCNT and PdCu/MWCNT NPs caused significant increases in ROS levels and 8-OHdG activity in earthworm tissues after 48 h. Finally, our results demonstrated that the toxicity of PdNi/MWCNT NPs was detected to be lower than PdCu/MWCNT NPs. However, both nanoparticles may pose a toxicological risk at high concentrations (1000 and 2000 mg/L). These findings will provide valuable information to studies on the use of PdNi/MWCNT NPs in wastewater treatment systems, industrial and medical fields, which have been determined to have less ecotoxicological risk.
Effect of Abemaciclib and Curcumin Administration on Sex Hormones, Reproductive Functions, and Oxidative Dna Expression in Rats
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Huyut, Zuebeyir; Ucar, Bunyamin; Yildizhan, Kenan; Altindag, Fikret; Huyut, Mehmet Tahir
This study investigated whether abemaciclib (ABE) administration had any adverse effects on ovarian and sex hormones in female rats, and the protective effect of curcumin. Forty female rats were equally divided into the sham control, DMSO, curcumin (CMN), ABE, and ABE+CMN groups. Pharmaceuticals were administered by gavage daily for 28 days. Serum sex hormones were measured in an autoanalyzer operating with a microparticle immunoassay method. In addition, histopathological examination and 8-OHdG expression were performed on the ovarian tissue. Progesterone and testosterone levels were significantly decreased, while estradiol levels were significantly increased, in the ABE group compared to the sham and DMSO groups. In addition, there were significant differences in sex hormone levels in the CMN and/or CMN+ABE groups compared to the ABE group. There was decreased expression of 8-OHdG in the ABE+CMN group compared to the ABE or CMN only groups. This study exhibited that ABE administration can adversely affect functions and histology of the ovarian tissue, but CMN therapy may be protective against the adverse effects on ovarian in ABE-induced rats.
Effect of Curcumin on Lipid Profile, Fibrosis, and Apoptosis in Liver Tissue in Abemaciclib-Administered Rats
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Huyut, Zubeyir; Ucar, Bunyamin; Altindag, Fikret; Yildizhan, Kenan; Huyut, Mehmet Tahir
Abemaciclib (ABEM) is an important antitumor agent for breast cancer treatment. However, the side-effects of ABEM are unclear in the liver. This study investigated the protective effect of curcumin (CURC) on liver damage caused by ABEM. The rats were divided into five groups with eight animals in each group; Control, DMSO (150 mu L for per rats), CURC, 30 mg/kg/day), ABE (26 mg/kg/day), and ABE + CURC (26 mg/kg/day ABE, 30 mg/kg/day) groups. Injections were administered daily for 28 days. The levels of AST, LDH, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol in serum, and hepatic tissue fibrosis, caspase-3, Bax, and TNF-alpha expression were higher in the ABE group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Also, these parameters in the ABEM + CURC group were lower than in the ABE group (p < 0.05). The results showed that ABE administration could cause liver damage and increase fibrosis in the liver. In addition, it was shown that co-administration of CURC with ABE could suppress the levels of AST, LDH, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol in serum, and fibrosis, caspase-3, Bax, and TNF-alpha expressions in the liver. These data are the first in the literature. Therefore, the administration of CURC following ABE may be a therapeutic agent in preventing liver damage.
Effect of Hesperidin on Lipid Profile, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Experimental Diabetes
(Maik Nauka/interperiodica/springer, 2025) Yildizhan, Kenan; Bayir, Mehmet Hafit; Huyut, Zuebeyir; Altindag, Fikret
In recent years, therapeutic approaches against diabetes-induced liver damage have attracted great interest. Studies indicate the anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering potential of hesperidin (HESP), a flavonoid in citrus fruits. This study examined how HESP prevented streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic liver damage. Four groups of seven rats each were created: Control, HESP (100 mg/kg/day), STZ (45 mg/kg), and STZ + HESP (45 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively). Serum AST, ALT, LDH, LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and the TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and caspase-3 expression levels of liver tissue in the STZ group were higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). However, these values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the STZ + HESP group compared to the STZ group. Furthermore, administering HESP together with STZ reduced liver expression levels of caspase-3, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta, as well as blood levels of AST, ALT, LDH, LDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol. HESP against diabetes-induced hepatic damage reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels, and returned the lipid profile, and apoptotic indicators to normal levels. These findings suggested that HESP therapy may be an important therapeutic role against diabetes-induced liver damage.
Effect of Hesperidin on Sciatic Nerve Damage in Stz-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy: Modulation of Trpm2 Channel
(Springer, 2023) Bayir, Mehmet Hafit; Yildizhan, Kenan; Altindag, Fikret
Diabetic neuropathy (DNP) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus. In this study, we examined the potential of hesperidin (HES) to attenuate DNP and the involvement of the TRPM2 channel in this process. The rats were given a single dose of 45 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally to induce diabetic neuropathic pain. On the third day, we confirmed the development of diabetes in the DNP and DNP + HES groups. The HES groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and intragastric gavage daily for 14 days. The results showed that treatment with HES in diabetic rats decreased STZ-induced hyperglycemia and thermal hyperalgesia. Furthermore, in the histopathological examination of the sciatic nerve, HES treatment reduced STZ-induced damage. The immunohistochemical analysis also determined that STZ-induced increased TRPM2 channel, type-4 collagen, and fibrinogen immunoactivity decreased with HES treatment. In addition, we investigated the TRPM2 channel activation in the sciatic nerve damage mechanism of DNP model rats created by STZ application using the ELISA method. We determined the regulatory effect of HES on increased ROS, and PARP1 and TRPM2 channel activation in the sciatic nerves of DNP model rats. These findings indicated that hesperidin treatment could attenuate diabetes-induced DNP by reducing TRPM2 channel activation.
Effect of Low and High Dose of Favipiravir on Ovarian and Reproductive Function in Female Rats: Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation
(Aepress Sro, 2022) Balci, Serdar; Cöllüoglu, Cagdas; Yavuzer, Bülent; Bulut, Seval; Altindag, Fikret; Akbas, Nergis; Süleyman, Halis
Favipiravir is a drug which shows antiviral activity by inhibiting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Favipiravir causes severe adverse effects at high doses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low and high dose favipiravir on ovarian and reproductive function in female rats. The rats were divided into three groups: HG group (healthy rats), FAV-100 group (rats administered 100 mg/kg favipiravir), and FAV-400 group (rats administered 400 mg/kg favipiravir) with 12 rats in each group. Favipiravir was administered orally twice daily for 1 week. Six rats from each group were euthanized and their ovaries were removed. Oxidative and antioxidant parameters were measured in ovarian tissues and examined histopathologically. The remaining animals were kept to breed. Animals receiving favipiravir had increased oxidant content, decreased antioxidant activity, decreased histopathological damage, infertility, and gestational delay. Favipiravir treatment should be used with caution, especially in women of reproductive age.
The Effect of Maternal Treatment With Diclofenac Sodium and Thymoquinone on Testicular Parameters in Rat Offspring
(Elsevier Espana Slu, 2021) Altindag, Fikret; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin
Introduction and objective: Diclofenac sodium (DS) can have toxic effects on various tissues and organs, as well as causing foetal and new-born malformations. Thymoquinone (TQ), the basic bioactive compound of black seed oil, is an antioxidant and antineoplastic substance. The aim of our study was to explore the effects of DS and TQ exposure during gestation on offspring rat testicular histology. Materials and methods: Mother pregnant rats were divided into five groups: control, saline, DS, TQ and DS plus TQ (DS + TQ) four animals for each group. They were then treated as follows between day of 5 and 15 of gestation: the control group received no treatment. The saline group received physiological saline (1 mg/kg/d) via the intraperitoneal (IP) route; the DS group received an intramuscular (IM) injection of DS (6.1 mg/kg/d); the TQ group received TQ (5 mg/kg/d) dissolved in drinking water; and the DS + TQ group received DS (6.1 mg/kg/d) and TQ (5 mg/kg/d) dissolved in water. After birth, the male rats were fed for four weeks, and at the end of this period offspring were sacrificed. Stereological methods, physical disector and Cavalieri principle were used for particle counting and volume estimation respectively. Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in the total number of Sertoli and Leydig cells in 4-week-old rats in the DS group (p < 0.05), and TQ not have provide protection against this adverse effect of DS. Conclusions: In this study, DS at a dose of 6.1 mg/kg, equivalent to a dose of 1 mg/kg in humans, decreased the number of Sertoli and Leydig cells, and TQ did not have a protective effect against the adverse effect of DS during the gestation period. These results show that new dose depend studies on TQ and DS interaction are requested to see protective effect of TQ. (C) 2019 Asociacion Espanola de Andrologia, Medicina Sexual y Reproductiva. Published by Elsevier Espanola, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Effect of Selenium Against Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in the Brain of Rats: Role of Trpm2 Channel
(Natl inst Science Communication-niscair, 2023) Yildizhan, Kenan; Huyut, Zuebeyir; Altindag, Fikret; Ahlatci, Adem
Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as an anticancer drug in humans' various solid and haematological tumours. Although many studies on the toxic effect of DOX are used in different organs, its impact on brain tissue has yet to be adequately studied. This study investigated the protective effect of selenium (Se) and the role of transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) channel activation against brain damage caused by DOX administration. Sixty rats were randomly divided into the sham, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DOX, DOX + Se, DOX + N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (ACA), and DOX + Se + ACA groups. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1), and TRPM2 channel levels in brain tissues were measured by ELISA. In addition, a histopathological examination was performed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal areas, and the TRPM2 channel, NF-icB, and caspase-3 expression were determined immunohistochemically. The levels of ROS, PARP1 and TRPM2 channel in the DOX group were higher than in the sham and DMSO groups (P < 0.05). However, these parameters were decreased in the in DOX+Se and DOX+ACA groups by the treatments of Se and ACA (P < 0.05). Also, we determined that Se and ACA treatment decreased the NF-icB, caspase-3, and TRPM2 channel expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal areas in the DOX-induced rats. The data showed that Se and/or ACA administration together with DOX administration could be used as a protective agent against DOX-induced brain damage.
Effects of 3.5 Ghz Radiofrequency Radiation on Ghrelin, Nesfatin-1, and Irisin Level in Diabetic and Healthy Brains
(Elsevier, 2022) Bektas, Hava; Algul, Sermin; Altindag, Fikret; Yegin, Korkut; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman
Diabetes, mobile phone use, and obesity have increased simultaneously in recent years. The radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from mobile phones is largely absorbed in the heads of users. With 5 G, which has started to be used in some countries without the necessary precautions being taken, the amount of RFR to which living things are exposed will increase. In this study, the changes in energy homeostasis and redox balance caused by 5 G (3.5 GHz, GSM-modulated) were explored. The effects of RFR on the brains of diabetic and healthy rats were investigated and histopathological analysis was performed. Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into 4 groups as sham, RFR, diabetes, and RFR+diabetes groups (n = 7). The rats in each group were kept in a plexiglass carousel for 2 h a day for 30 days. While the rats in the experimental groups were exposed to RFR for 2 h a day, the rats in the sham group were kept under the same experimental conditions but with the radiofrequency generator turned off. At the end of the experiment, brain tissues were collected from euthanized rats. Total antioxidant (TAS), total oxidant (TOS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ghrelin, nesfatin-1, and irisin levels were determined. In addition, histopathological analyses of the brain tissues were performed. The specific absorption rate in the gray matter of the brain was calculated as 323 mW/kg and 195 mW/kg for 1 g and 10 g averaging, respectively. After RFR exposure among diabetic and healthy rats, decreased TAS levels and increased TOS and H2O2 levels were observed in brain tissues. RFR caused increases in ghrelin and irisin and a decrease in nesfatin-1 in the brain. It was also observed that RFR increased the number of degenerated neurons in the hippocampus. Our results indicate that 3.5 GHz RFR causes changes in the energy metabolism and appetite of both healthy and diabetic rats. Thus, 5 G may not be innocent in terms of its biological effects, especially in the presence of diabetes.
Effects of 3.5-Ghz Radiofrequency Radiation on Energy-Regulatory Hormone Levels in the Blood and Adipose Tissue
(Wiley, 2024) Bektas, Hava; Dasdag, Suleyman; Altindag, Fikret; Akdag, Mehmet Z.; Yegin, Korkut; Algul, Sermin
In recent years exposure of living beings to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from wireless equipment has increased. In this study, we investigated the effects of 3.5-GHz RFR on hormones that regulate energy metabolism in the body. Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups: healthy sham (n = 7), healthy RFR (n = 7), diabetic sham (n = 7), and diabetic RFR (n = 7). Over a month, each group spent 2 h/day in a Plexiglas carousel. The rats in the experimental group were exposed to RFR, but the sham groups were not. At the end of the experiment, blood and adipose tissues were collected from euthanized rats. Total antioxidant, total oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, ghrelin, nesfatin-1, and irisin were determined. Insulin expression in pancreatic tissues was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Whole body specific absorption rate was 37 mW/kg. For the parameters analyzed in blood and fat, the estimated effect size varied within the ranges of 0.215-0.929 and 0.503-0.839, respectively. The blood and adipose nesfatin-1 (p = 0.002), blood and pancreatic insulin are decreased, (p = 0.001), gherelin (p = 0.020), irisin (p = 0.020), and blood glucose (p = 0.040) are increased in healthy and diabetic rats exposed to RFR. While nesfatin-1 are negatively correlated with oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and insulin, ghrelin and irisin are positively correlated with oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. Thus, RFR may have deleterious effects on energy metabolism, particularly in the presence of diabetes. 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation (RFR) may induce alterations in hormones regulating energy metabolism. 3.5 GHz RFR may lead to alterations in total antioxidant, total oxidant, and hydrogen peroxide levels. Particularly in conjunction with diabetes, 3.5 GHz RFR may result in adverse effects on energy metabolism. Although there were changes of the hormone levels in the exposed group, the actual values remained for both sham and exposed groups within the normal range.
The Effects of Berberine and Curcumin on Cardiac, Lipid Profile and Fibrosis Markers in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiac Damage: The Role of the Trpm2 Channel
(Wiley, 2024) Huyut, Zuebeyir; Yildizhan, Kenan; Altindag, Fikret
Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is widely used to treat various types of cancer. In addition to the therapeutic properties of this drug, unfortunately, its side effects are still not fully understood. This study investigated the protective effect of curcumin (CURC) and berberine (BER) on CYP-induced cardiac damage. Thirty-six male rats were equally divided into the control, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), CYP, CYP + CURC, CYP + BER and CYP + BER + CURC groups. Troponin-I, Creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), total cholesterol, triglyceride levels in serum samples, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel levels in heart tissue were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. In addition, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical investigation of the TRPM2 channel, fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP1), transforming growth factor-beta- 1 (TGF-beta 1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expressions were determined in heart tissue. The CYP group's troponin-I, total cholesterol, triglyceride, CK-MB, ROS, PARP-1 and TRPM2 channel levels were higher than in the other groups in the ELISA measurements (p < 0.05). In contrast, these parameters in the group treated with CURC and BER together with CYP were lower than in the CYP group (p < 0.05). Additionally, CUR and BER reduced CYP-induced pathological damage, TRPM2, FSP1, TGF-beta 1 and alpha-SMA expressions. The data showed that CYP administration can cause cardiac damage by increasing the TRPM2 channel, TGF-beta 1, FSP1 and alpha-SMA expression levels. Therefore, we concluded that CURC and BER administration following CYP application may be used as therapeutic agents to prevent CYP-induced cardiac damage.
The Effects of Coq10 Supplement on Matrix Metalloproteinases, Oxidative Dna Damage and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Testicular Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats
(Wiley, 2021) Ayengin, Kemal; Alp, Hamit Hakan; Huyut, Zubeyir; Yildirim, Serkan; Altindag, Fikret; Avci, Veli
We aimed to study the effect of coenzyme Q10 on pro-inflammatory cytokine, matrix metalloproteinase, oxidative DNA damage, caspase 3 and caspase 8 in ischaemia/reperfusion injury led to by testicular torsion/detorsion. Our research is a controlled experimental animal research using rats. This study was conducted with fifty-six adult male Albino Wistar rats. Interleucine-1 beta, 2, 6, 10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase-2, 3, 9, 13, tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1, 2, malondialdehyde and leucocyte 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine/10(6) deoxyguanosine was detected in serum and tissue samples. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of caspase 2 and caspase 8 was performed. In testicular I/R injury, especially 24 hr after detorsion, oxidative damage pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases were increased. At the coenzyme Q10 group, a meaningful decrease was observed in these parameters. In addition, a decrease in the expression of caspase3 and caspase 8 was viewed in coenzyme Q10-treated groups. The coenzyme Q10 has beneficial effects on oxidative damage, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, remodelling of extracellular matrix and apoptosis in testicular I/R injury.
The Effects of Oral Supplementation of Carvacrol on Autophagy and Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition Regulation in Uv-Induced Skin Damage
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Alvur, Ozge; Ozkol, Halil; Altindag, Fikret; Ozkol, Hatice Uce; Evyapan, Gulsah; Akar, Sakine
ObjectiveThe skin is the biggest organ of the body being most exposed to UV radiation (UVR). Many skin diseases may develop due to UV exposure. Thus, it is extremely important to reveal molecules that can prevent these diseases.Material and methodCarvacrol (CVC), a liquid phenolic monoterpenoid is found in thyme and some plants related to thyme. In our study, for the first time in the literature we aimed to determine the effects of CVC on autophagy and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) mechanisms in skin damage of rats exposed to combined UVA and UVB radiation. For this purpose, twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups: I (Control), II (CVC alone), III (UVA + UVB), IV (UVA + UVB + CVC). While UVA + UVB was applied without any treatment in Group III, this application was performed with CVC support in Group IV. As for the animals in Group II, only carvacrol was given. On the 30th day of the trial, expression of certain genes playing a role in autophagy and EMT pathways were evaluated at mRNA and protein level by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining in the shaved back skin tissues of rats.ResultsBased on our results, it can be concluded that CVC may prevent autophagic cell death by suppressing autophagy and it might support the wound healing process by inducing EMT in UV-induced skin damage. The molecular mechanisms of the effect of CVC on autophagy and EMT mechanisms should be clarified in further studies.
Effects of X-Ray Application on Infertility in New-Born Rats
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Cibuk, Salih; Mert, Handan; Mert, Nihat; Tuncer, Oguz; Altindag, Fikret; Karaman, Kamuran; Meydan, Ismet
In this study, the effect of early X-ray exposure on infertility was investigated by creating a newborn model with rats. Fifteen Pregnant rats were divided into five groups. After birth, the study was continued with 12 babies (6 males, 6 females) rat in each group. Different amounts of X-rays were applied to the experimental groups. At the end of the experiment, there was found that testosterone levels decreased in all experimental groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). When the experimental groups were compared to the control group, there was a decrease in the number of spermatogoniums from all the experimental groups. The decrease in group II, group III and group IV was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). As a result, exposure to X-rays in new-borns and premature babies; It was observed that it caused disruption of caspase signaling in gonad organs, a serious decrease in hormonal activity, a significant decrease in spermatogonia number and a decrease in the number of primordial follicles. Considering these results, it can be predicted that exposure to X-rays in the neonatal period, especially in the premature period, may lead to infertility in later life.
Eumelanin Protects the Liver Against Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Injury
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2022) Altindag, Fikret; Bogoksayan, Seda; Bayram, Sinan
This study aims to evaluate in vivo protective effects of eumelanin (EU) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver injury. Wistar albino male rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 6), Control, DMSO, DEN, DEN + EU10, DEN + EU15, and DEN + EU20. Animals in the DEN group were injected i.p a single dose of 200 mg/kg DEN, DEN + EU10 group was given 10 mg/kg EU, DEN + EU15 group was given 15 mg/kg, DEN + EU20 group was given 20 mg/kg EU for a week. The results showed that there was no significant difference in vessel volume density between the groups. Inflammatory cell infiltration, hydropic degeneration, and necrotic cells were observed in the DEN group, and these histopathological changes were significantly reduced in all treatment groups. Although there was a low intensity of PAS-positive staining in the DEN groups, moderate staining was observed in the treatment groups. While Caspase-3, PCNA, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 expressions increased in the DEN group, their expressions decreased in the EU-treated groups. DEN increased AST, ALT, and MDA levels and decreased CAT levels. In particular, the EU10 dose significantly improved these parameters. The present study revealed that eumelanin has protective effects against DEN-induced liver injury.