Browsing by Author "Altunisik, Ahmet Can"

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Damages of Minarets During Ercis and Edremit Earthquakes, 2011 in Turkey
(Techno-press, 2014) Bayraktar, Alemdar; Altunisik, Ahmet Can; Muvafik, Murat
This paper illustrates the damages of reinforced concrete and masonry minarets during October 23 (Ercis) and November 9 (Edremit), 2011 Van earthquakes in Turkey. Ercis and Edremit are townships located 90km and 18km from Van city center in Turkey, respectively. Ground accelerations and response spectrums for these earthquakes are given in this paper. A total of 63 reinforced concrete and masonry minarets are heavily damaged or collapsed in the city center and villages nearby after both earthquakes. Because of the fact that there is no Turkish standard and specification directly related to design of minarets, nearly all of the constructions are carried out by workers using only their own technical knowledge. So, all of the non-engineering reinforced concrete and masonry minarets completely collapsed or damaged heavily. From the study, it is seen that the damages are due to several reasons such as site effect, location, and length of the fault, reduction in cross section and formation of the discontinuity, use of plain reinforcement steel, use of concrete with insufficient strength, existence of short lap splices and incorrect end hook angle, larger mass and stiffness concentrations on some region, longitudinal reinforcements discontinuity, cracks at the cylindrical body, and damage of spire and end ornament. In addition to these reasons, the two earthquakes hit the minarets within seventeen days, causing progressive damage. So, the existing design and construction practices should be improved to provide sufficient earthquake performance. Also, it is recommended that there should be a safe distance between the minaret and surrounding structures to reduce the loose of life after earthquake.
Field Investigation of the Performance of Masonry Buildings During the October 23 and November 9, 2011, Van Earthquakes in Turkey
(Asce-amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2016) Bayraktar, Alemdar; Altunisik, Ahmet Can; Muvafik, Murat
This paper addresses field investigations of the performance of masonry buildings during the October 23 (Erci) and November 9 (Edremit), 2011, Van earthquakes in Turkey. Erci and Edremit are villages respectively located 90km and 18km from the city of Van in Turkey. Ground accelerations and response spectra for these earthquakes are discussed. A total of 28,000 buildings were damaged or collapsed in the city center and surrounding villages after the Erci earthquake. This number increased to 35,000 after the Edremit earthquake. Almost all masonry buildings were affected in the region. Most of them in the area were constructed of random or coursed stone walls with no reinforcement to support heavy clay tile roofing over wooden logs. A large number of such buildings were heavily damaged or collapsed. Cracking and failure patterns are examined and interpreted according to current provisions for earthquake resistance of masonry structures. From the field investigations, it is shown that damages had several causes, among them site effect, location and length of the fault, and poor construction quality. In addition, the two earthquakes hit the masonry buildings within 17 days, causing progressive damage. A large number of nonengineered masonry buildings completely collapsed or were heavily damaged. Most of those in the affected area were not designed and constructed in accordance with the Turkish Earthquake Resistant Design Code.