Browsing by Author "Ates, Fadime"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

Biogenic Amines in Raisins of One Vintage Year: Influence of Two Chemical Pre-Treatments (Dipping in Oak Ash Solution or Potassium Carbonate Solution)
(Hohere Bundeslehranstalt & Bundesamt Wein-& Obstbau Klosterneuburg, 2022) Ates, Fadime; Kaya, Ozkan; Keskin, Nurhan; Turan, Metin
Some biogenic amines (BAs) may be used as quality markers in grape derived products and they have key roles in human nutrition. In this study, therefore, two traditional dipping solutions, namely oak ash and potassium carbonate solutions applied before drying, were compared for their effects on the BA profile of Gok Uzum raisins. The mean agmatine, putrescine, spermine, and serotonin content of Gok Uzum raisins was lower in samples dried by dipping in potassium carbonate solution than samples dried by dipping in oak ash solution. There were no significant differences in contents of cadaverine, spermidine, histamine, tryptamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine between samples of both dipping solutions. Among the BAs under investigation, putrescine, agmatine, histamine, and tryptamine were the most abundant amines, whereas the lowest amine contents were those of cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, and norepinephrine. The mean putrescine, agmatine, spermine, and serotonin content of Gok Uzum raisins was higher in samples dried by dipping in oak ash solution than in samples dried by dipping in potassium carbonate solution. Drying under shade by dipping in oak ash solution proved to be superior to dipping in potassium carbonate solution concerning Gok Uzum raisin BAs and could be considered as an attractive pre-drying solution for the production of both raisins and perhaps other dried fruits.
Comparison of Contents of Sugars, Organic Acids and Free Amino Acids in Raisins Obtained From Gok Uzum (Vitis Vinifera L.)
(Hohere Bundeslehranstalt & Bundesamt Wein-& Obstbau Klosterneuburg, 2023) Karakus, Sinem; Ates, Fadime; Keskin, Nurhan; Turan, Metin; Kaya, Ozkan
Raisins are known as an important source of many bioactive compounds such as organic acids, free amino acids, and sugars. In this study, oak ash and potassium carbonate solutions applied before drying were compared for their effects on the Gok Uzum raisin, more specifically, its contents of organic acids, free amino acids, and sugar profile. The total acidity quantified in the samples of raisin, ranged from 20.30 to 117.08 ng/mu L DW for the potassium dipping solution, while values ranged from 17.98 to 164.72 ng/mu L DW for the oak ash dipping solution. In samples from either dip solution, serine was predominant, followed by alanine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartate, sarcosine, glutamate, and leucine, whereas glycine, arginine, proline, histidine, and valine were found to be the lowest amino acids. In the samples examined, fructose was the most abundant sugar, whereas the lowest sugars in raisins were xylose for oak ash application and galactose for potassium carbonate application. There was wide variation in the sugar profiles for both variants, with values ranging from 3043.48 to 0.71 g/100 g DW. Drying Gok Uzum grapes after the treatment of oak ash dipping solution promotes a higher content of organic acids, amino acids and sugars as compared to drying after potassium carbonate solution treatments. These results could be used for the development of an attractive pre-drying solution in further studies for the production of both, raisins and perhaps other dried fruits.
Drying Grapes After the Application of Different Dipping Solutions: Effects on Hormones, Minerals, Vitamins, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Gok Uzum (Vitis Vinifera L.) Raisins
(Mdpi, 2022) Keskin, Nurhan; Kaya, Ozkan; Ates, Fadime; Turan, Metin; Gutierrez-Gamboa, Gaston
(1) Background: Raisins contain a wide range of hormones, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant enzymes that may contribute to the health benefits of consumers. (2) Methods: The aim of this research was to compare the hormone, mineral, vitamin, and antioxidant capacities of Gok uzum (Vitis vinifera L.) raisins immersed in oak ash (OA) and potassium carbonate (PC) dipping solutions before drying. (3) Results: Abscisic acid (ABA) (5751.18-11,868.40 ng g(-1)) and riboflavin (95.17-135.54 mg 100 g(-1)) were the most abundant hormone and vitamin quantified in Gok uzum raisins. Glutathione S-transferase (540.07-744.85 EU gr berry(-1)), 6-glucose phosphate dehydrogenase (214.50-317.43 EU gr berry(-1)), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (208.25-241.86 EU gr berry(-1)) enzymes presented the highest antioxidant activity in the samples. Raisins obtained after drying by immersion in OA presented higher indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), ABA, salicylic acid (SA), cytokinins (CK), and zeatin contents; glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), 6 glucose phosphate dehydrogenase (6GPD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity; vitamin B1, B2, B6, C, and A contents; and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), potassium (K), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) levels compared to the grapes dried after PC applications. (4) Conclusions: Drying Gok uzum grapes after the application of OA dipping solution promotes a higher content of hormones, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant enzymes compared to PC treatments. These results could help raisin producers to make decisions when using a dipping solution to dry grapes.
Effects of Root Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculations on the Growth and Nutrient Content of Grapevine
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2018) Erdogan, Ummugulsum; Turan, Metin; Ates, Fadime; Kotan, Recep; Cakmakci, Ramazan; Erdogan, Yasar; Tuefenkci, Sefik
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of seven nitrogen (N-2)-fixing and/or phosphorus (P)-solubilizing and siderophore-producing microorganism based bio-fertilizers in single and triple strain combinations isolated from the acidic rhizospheric soil of native tea, grapevine, and wild red raspberries. As a result of this study, bacterial efficiency was found to be variable and depended on the bacterial strains and evaluated growth parameters. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has improved macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations in grapevine leaves, and stimulated plant growth. Triple inoculation and single inoculation based bio fertilizers were found to stimulate overall plant growth, including shoot and leaf weight, main shoot length, leaf ground index, chlorophyll, nitrogen, zinc and iron content of grapevine cv Italy'. Bio-fertilizers increased the nutrients such as nitrogen, zinc and iron concentrations and consequently increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves.
Fine-Tuning Grape Phytochemistry: Examining the Distinct Influence of Oak Ash and Potassium Carbonate Pre-Treatments on Essential Components
(Mdpi, 2024) Kaya, Ozkan; Delavar, Hava; Ates, Fadime; Yilmaz, Turhan; Sahin, Muge; Keskin, Nurhan
Understanding the impact of pre-treatment methods on the phytochemical composition of grapes is essential for optimizing grape quality and producing raisins with desirable characteristics. Therefore, this study meticulously analyzed the impact of two distinct pre-treatment methods, oak ash and potassium carbonate (K2CO3), on the composition of essential phytochemical components in grapes. This research encompassed phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phytoalexins. This study investigates the impact of pre-treatment methods, oak ash and K2CO3, on the phytochemical composition of grapes. Significant differences were observed in anthocyanins, flavonoids, phytoalexins, and phenolic acids between the treatments. Oak ash exhibited advantages in preserving specific compounds, including higher levels of anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones, catechins, resveratrol, pterostilbene, and viniferin, compared to K2CO3. Notably, the delphinidin-3-O-glycoside content was significantly higher in the oak ash treatment. An analysis of phenolic compounds revealed distinctions in hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, benzaldehyde, and phenylacetaldehyde. Additionally, gallic acid, vanillic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, and (-)-epicatechin were significantly more prevalent in the K2CO3 treatment, while ferulic acid and quercetin were more prevalent in the oak ash treatment. These findings underscore the pivotal role of pre-treatment methods in shaping the phytochemical content of grapes, thus holding critical implications for grape-derived products' quality and potential health benefits.
Integrating Organic Fertilization and Soil Tillage Techniques To Enhance the Nutritional Attributes of "royal" Grapes (Vitis Vinifera L. Cv.)
(Wiley, 2024) Kaya, Ozkan; Ates, Fadime; Daler, Selda; Keskin, Nurhan; Turan, Metin
In the context of global efforts to improve food quality against the backdrop of climate change and increasing demands for food, this study sought to investigate the influence of tillage and fertilization methods on essential nutritional components. Thus, this extensive investigation into the variability of organic acid, sugar, and vitamin content within berries over the years 2020 to 2022 shows the critical influence of agricultural practices on the nutritional quality of grape. Our findings revealed significant fluctuations in the levels of various organic acids, with oxalic and propionic acids seeing a notable increase in 2022, while tartaric, citric, and maleic acids decreased. Similarly, a significant rise in sucrose, glucose, and fructose levels was documented by 2022, alongside a variable trend in vitamin content. The PCA results revealed a clear impact of tillage and organic amendments on the biochemical composition of Royal grapes. Heatmap findings confirmed the results obtained from PCA and showed that certain treatments resulted in high organic acid content, while others resulted in high sugar content. However, disc harrow and olive blackwater 2021 followed by disc harrow and Antep radish 2021 and no-tillage broccoli 2020 were the best treatments with a balanced distribution of organic acids, soluble sugars, and vitamins among all treatments. On the other hand, chisel and olive blackwater '20 was the treatment with the lowest ratio of organic acids, sugars, and vitamins, followed by chisel and Antep radish 2020. These results show that the concentration of organic acids, soluble sugars, and vitamins in grapes is more affected by the tillage method than the type of organic fertilizer used. To sum up, our study holds valuable implications for viticulture and agriculture at large, highlighting the potential to tailor farming practices for enhanced nutritional outcomes. Such advancements not only promise to elevate the quality of agricultural produce but also contribute to the broader objective of achieving food security and nutritional adequacy, thus offering a roadmap for future research and practice in sustainable agriculture and viticulture.
Pollinator Diversity and Phenological Interplay: Exploring Mineral, Hormonal, Sugar, and Vitamin Contents in Vitis Vinifera L. Cv Bozcaada Çavuşu
(Mdpi, 2024) Kaya, Ozkan; Delavar, Hava; Ates, Fadime; Sahin, Muge; Keskin, Nurhan; Yilmaz, Turhan; Hatterman-Valenti, Harlene
Unraveling the intricate physiological and biochemical intricacies associated with female dominance in grape berries across diverse developmental stages is imperative for optimizing grape production and ensuring the attainment of high-quality yields. This study conducted a thorough analysis of grape berries across phenological stages (BBCH-79, BBCH-81, BBCH-89) and cultivars. At BBCH-89, Bozcaada & Ccedil;avu & scedil;u*Vasil & acirc;ki demonstrated the highest berry weight and total soluble solids (TSS) levels, emphasizing its enological potential. Acidity peaked at BBCH-79 (28.16) and declined at BBCH-89 (6.11), signaling a shift towards lower acidity in later stages. Bozcaada & Ccedil;avu & scedil;u*Vasil & acirc;ki consistently showed the highest maturity index (MI). Mineral content variations were observed across nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), with Bozcaada & Ccedil;avu & scedil;u*Vasil & acirc;ki often having the highest concentrations, particularly in potassium, calcium, and boron. Hormonal analysis revealed a significant surge in concentrations at BBCH-89, with Bozcaada & Ccedil;avu & scedil;u*Vasil & acirc;ki standing out. Notably, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations increased by 106%, and abscisic acid (ABA) levels peaked at BBCH-79 with a 38% increase in Bozcaada & Ccedil;avu & scedil;u*Kuntra. Sugar content analysis showed variations in fructose, glucose, sucrose, rhamnose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose levels across sampling times and cultivars. Bozcaada & Ccedil;avu & scedil;u*Vasil & acirc;ki consistently exhibited higher sugar levels, especially at BBCH-81 and BBCH-89. Vitamin concentrations varied temporally and among cultivars, with BBCH-89 displaying the highest vitamin A concentration (6.24 mg/100 g FW), and Bozcaada & Ccedil;avu & scedil;u*Vasil & acirc;ki often exhibiting maximum values for vitamin B1, B2, B6, and C. Further research and targeted cultivation practices focusing on the unique attributes of Bozcaada & Ccedil;avu & scedil;u*Vasil & acirc;ki could enhance grape production efficiency, emphasizing its potential contribution to achieving consistently high-quality yields across various phenological stages.
Study of Volatile Organic Compounds of Two Table Grapes (Cv. Italia and Bronx Seedless) Along Ripening in Vines Established in the Aegean Region (Turkey)
(Mdpi, 2022) Kaya, Ozkan; Incesu, Melek; Ates, Fadime; Keskin, Nurhan; Verdugo-Vasquez, Nicolas; Gutierrez-Gamboa, Gaston
(1) Background: Italia is a seeded grape variety widely cultivated in the Aegean Region in Turkey, whereas Bronx Seedless is a seedless grape variety, preferred by consumers due to its pink berries and interesting flavor. The goal was to study the volatile compounds of these table grapes throughout berry ripeness. (2) Methods: The volatile compounds were analyzed by GC-MS in six different phenological stages (3) Results: Bronx Seedless grapes presented a higher content of seven terpenes, three aldehydes, one fatty acid, three alcohols, one C6 compound, total aldehydes and total alcohols, and a lower content of eleven terpenes, one fatty acid, four esters, one alcohol, four C6 compounds and its total content than Italia table grapes. The concentration of most of the volatile compounds analyzed increased from "begin of berry touch" to "berries ripe for harvest" stages. Terpenes content in both varieties at harvest was lower than 1.0 mg L-1. beta-ionone presented the highest odor activity value (OAV) in both varieties. Bronx Seedless grapes presented higher OAV for (Z)-3-hexenal and cedrol, and lower hexanal to (E)-2-hexenal ratio than Italia grapes. (4) Conclusions: Both varieties could be classified as neutral aromatical varieties and it is probable that to achieve a better aromatic quality, Bronx Seedless should be harvested later than Italia.