Browsing by Author "Atlihan, R."

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Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table: the Basis of Population Ecology, Biological Control and Pest Management
(Centenary University, 2018) Atlihan, R.; Özgökçe, M.S.; Chi, H.
Because they are capable of providing an integrated and comprehensive description of numerous biological parameters (survival, development, fecundity, etc.) of a population, life tables are one of the most powerful tools available for biologists and other researchers conducting research on population ecology, biological control, and pest management. Since the traditional female age-specific life tables ignore the male population and stage differentiation, their use often results in errors and inaccuracies. This article was prepared to discuss the reasons and advantages of using the age-stage, two-sex life table. © 2018, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
Biological and Population Performance of Plutella Xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Canola Cultivars
(Tarbiat Modares University, 2024) Kohikheili, Z.F.; Razmjou, J.; Naseri, B.; Hassanpour, M.; Guz, N.; Atlihan, R.
For IPM programs, it is crucial to use plant cultivars that are less sensitive to pests or resistant to them. In this research, the susceptibility and resistance of 20 canola cultivars to the diamondback moth, one of the most destructive pests of canola worldwide, were evaluated under laboratory conditions based on the biological performance of the moth and the response of the secondary metabolites and protein of canola plants leaves. The biological performance of the pest was evaluated using larval development and pupal weight, oviposition preference, and the age-stage, two-sex life table. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r), the net reproductive rate (R0), developmental time, and lowest pupal weight were observed on the 1009 cultivar, while the lowest r, R0, and highest pupal period were obtained on the RGS003 cultivar. Also, fecundity in RGS003 and Zarfam cultivars was lower than the other cultivars. Overall, study findings suggested that the Hyula50, Zarfam, and RGS003 cultivars would be suitable candidates for inclusion in integrated pest management programs against diamondback moth. © 2024, Tarbiat Modares University. All rights reserved.
Development, Survival and Reproduction of Three Coccinellids Feeding on Hyalopterus Pruni (Geoffer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
(TUBITAK, 2002) Atlihan, R.; Kaydan, M.B.
The development, survival and fecundity of three aphidophagus coccinellid species. Scymnus apetzi (Mulsant). Scymnus subvillosus (Goeze) and Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze), were studied under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1.65 ± 5% RH and 16 L/8D). Development time from egg to adult was 20.4, 17.1 and 16.7 days for S. apetzi, S. subvillosus and E. nigromaculatus, respectively. Mortality rate from egg to adulthood was highest for S. apetzi (37.9%) followed by S. subvillosus (36.3%) and E. nigromaculatus (25.7%). Duration of the oviposition period was 58.6, 64.9 and 75.3 days, and the total number of eggs per female was 492.8, 224.9 and 428.5 for S. apetzi, S. subvillosus and E. nigromaculatus, respectively. According to the life table parameters, net reproduction rate per female (Ro), the intrins rate of increase (rm), and mean generation time (To) were 137.5, 0.121 and 40.7 for S. apetzi: 69.9, 0.110 and 38.3 for S. subvillosus, and 157.2. 0.134 and 37.7 for E. nigromaculatus. The results obtained here provide information about the biology of three coccinellids that might be useful for the utilization of these predators in IPM programs against H. pruni.
The Distribution and Habitat of Calomera Littoralis Mandli (Mandl, 1967) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) on the Coastal Margin of Lake Van in Turkey
(2006) Özgökçe, M.S.; Atlihan, R.; Kasap, İ.; Özgökçe, F.; Yıldız, Ş.; Demir, M.; Polat, E.
The tiger beetle Calomera littoralis mandli was found at Lake Van in eastern Anatolia at 20 out of 47 localities surveyed during 2004–2005. It occurs in open habitats with fine sand mixed with clay or in salt-marshes and with little plant cover. Three groups of larval burrows were determined, with average openings of 1.54 mm, 2.46 mm and 3.80 mm. These correspond to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd larval instars. © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Effects of Tobacco Varieties on Eidonomy and Life Table Parameters of the Aphid Species Myzus Persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
(E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2006) Kaydan, M.B.; Atlihan, R.; Toros, S.
The development, longevity, reproduction, and life table parameters of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer 1776, were evaluated on ten commonly grown varieties of Nicotiana tabacum (Adiyaman, Bitlis- i̇çgeçit, Bursa 18000, Diyarbakir, Düzce- Özbaş, İzmir-Karabaǧlar 6265, Malatya, Samsun-Maden, Trabzon 209/87, Tömbeki 7703) at 26±1 °C, 65±10% RH and 14:10 h (l:d) light under laboratory conditions. The developmental time for the immature stages ranged from 5.46 days on İzmir-Karabaǧlar 62/65 -7.25 days on Tömbeki 7703. The average number of nymphs reproduced per female were 88.94, 88.58, 83.22,80.77,75.92,71.54,70.22,69.88,68.20 and 54.70 on Samsun-Maden, Adiyaman, Trabzon 209/87, İzmir-Karabaǧlar 6265, Malatya, Bitlis-Īçgeçit, Düzce-Özbaş, Bursa 18000, Tömbeki 7703, respectively. Longevity of females ranked from 32.80 days on Trabzon 209/87 -26.00 days on Tömbeki 7703. Population growth rate (rm) for green peach aphid was the highest on Samsun-Maden and the lowest on Tömbeki 7703. Values of rm varied from 0.401 on Samsun-Maden to 0.287 on Tömbeki 7703. The mean population generation time of varieties tested ranged from 11.88 on Samsun-Maden to 14.06 days on Tömbeki 7703. According to results obtained in this study Tömbeki 7703 appeared to be the most resistant while Samsun-Maden appeared to be the most susceptible to the green peach aphid among the varieties tested. © 2006 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
Ground Beetle Species (Carabidae, Coleoptera) Activity and Richness in Relation To Crop Type, Fertility Management and Crop Protection in a Farm Management Comparison Trial
(Wiley, 2012) Eyre, M. D.; Luff, M. L.; Atlihan, R.; Leifert, C.
Ground beetle activity and species richness was monitored using pitfall traps in a plot trial system on a farm in northern England where the effects of organic and conventional fertility and crop protection management were separated within different crop types between 2005 and 2008. As well as analyses on species activity the beetles were split into small, medium-sized and large groups, and into groups of herbivores and specific Collembola feeders. Crop type had significant effects on the activity of the 20 most abundant species and all groups, generally with most in beans and winter barley and least in vegetables and spring barley. Most significant reactions to crop protection and fertility management were in cereals and grass/clover. Activity of small species was highest in conventionally crop-protected cereals but not in vegetables, with more medium-sized and herbivorous species in organic plots, but there was little influence of crop protection management on large and Collembola feeding species. However, large species were significantly more active in organically fertilised cereals and grass/clover, but not in vegetables, and there were more Collembola feeders in conventional cereals but not in grass/clover. Small species were more abundant in conventionally fertilised grass/clover but there were more in organic cereals and vegetables. These inconsistent activity reactions to management were also observed with individual species but most preferred organically managed plots. There were few significant crop protection : fertility management interactions. Species richness was also significantly affected by crop type and where management had an influence, more species were found in organically managed plots. Constrained ordination emphasised that ground beetle activity was influenced more by crops than by management. Given the diverse nature of organic crop rotations, crop type should be considered a major influence in any environmental manipulation aimed at increasing ground beetle activity for provision of ecosystem services.
Host Plants Mixture and Fitness of Kolla Paulula: With an Evaluation of the Application of Weibull Function
(Wiley, 2017) Tuan, S-J; Chang, P-W; Saska, P.; Atlihan, R.; Chi, H.
The xylem-feeding leafhopper Kolla paulula (Walker), a vector of Pierce's disease, occurs primarily on weeds in and around fruit and ornamental crop orchards in Taiwan. Because our preliminary studies showed that K. paulula performed poorly when reared on pilose beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata) (PB) or trilobate wedelia (Wedelia triloba (L.)) (TW) alone, we collected the life table data of K. paulula reared on a mixture of both host plants to determine the effect at the population level. During their lifespan, 95.6% of feeding time was spent on the major host plant (PB) and only 4.4% on the minor host plant (TW). The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (), net reproduction rate (R-0) and mean generation time (T) of K. paulula were 0.0487, 1.0500day(-1), 35.86 offspring and 73.4days, respectively. Because more than 95% of the insects have been observed feeding on both plants, this would indicate that the minor host plant may play an important role in the fitness of K. paulula regardless of the short feeding time. We calculated the percentage contribution to the population parameters made by females that had fed on both PB and TW and compared these with the values obtained for offspring of females that had fed solely on PB. We also evaluated the usefulness of applying the Weibull distribution in demographic studies. We demonstrated that when there is a higher mortality in specific life stages, the fitted Weibull distribution would be inaccurate in describing the survival curve and that application of the fitted curve to the calculation of life expectancy or other statistics would result in significant discrepancy to the actual curve.
The Life Table of Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) After Different Storage Periods
(WFL Publisher Ltd., 2006) Özgökçe, M.S.; Atlihan, R.; Karaca, I.
The life table of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was calculated on Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Coccidae) under laboratory conditions at 25±1°C and 45±5% relative humidity after different storage periods at 15°C of cooling. Experiments consisted of 5 groups including a control and design experiments that were run for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days, respectively. The following predictive parameters were obtained for the control and design experiments: intrinsic rate of increase rm = 0.098, 0.092, 0.074, 0.058 and 0.045; net reproductive rate R0 = 340.703, 276.629, 149.930, 119.321 and 65.928; mean generation time T0 = 59.350, 60.851, 67.726, 83.189 and 94.173, respectively. Doubling time DT = 7.2, 7.9, 9.3, 12.1 and 15.3, and finite rate of increment λ = 1.101, 1.092, 1.074, 1.059 and 1.046, were calculated as well. The reproductive value (Vx) for each group was plotted.
Prey Density-Dependent Feeding Activity and Life History of Scymnus Subvillosus
(Springer, 2009) Atlihan, R.; Guldal, H.
The functional response, development time, survival and reproduction of the lady beetle Scymnus subvillosus (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were evaluated at different densities of the mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Treatments were carried out at 25 +/- 1 degrees C, 60 +/- 10% r.h. and 16L:8D photoperiod in a controlled temperature room. The larvae and adults of S. subvillosus were fed with different densities (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80) of H. pruni in petri dishes. The shape of the functional response was determined by logistic regression, and the values of the coefficient of attack rates (alpha) and handling times (T-h) were estimated by using nonlinear least-squares regression. Behavior of each larval stage and adults matched Holling's type II functional response. Estimates of a for all stages of S. subvillosus tested were similar, but estimates of Th varied; it was the shortest for adult females and the longest for third instar larva. Larvae were able to complete their development at each of the five prey densities, but increased prey densities reduced development time and mortality rate. Increased prey consumption did not change longevity, but resulted in a higher intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (lambda), net reproduction rate (R-0), gross reproductive rates (GRR), and shorter mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT).
Reduced Fitness of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Potato Plants Grown in Manure-Amended Soil
(Entomological Society of America, 2005) Alyokhin, A.; Atlihan, R.
Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the most important insect defoliator of potatoes worldwide. In this study, we conducted a series of no-choice assays comparing Colorado potato beetle reproduction and development on potato plants grown in manure-amended and synthetically fertilized soils. Manure-amended soil received annual applications of raw cow manure since 1991 and additional applications of cull potato compost and green manure between 1991 and 1998. Plants grown in manure-amended soil were inferior Colorado potato beetle hosts compared with plants grown in synthetically fertilized soil. The observed negative effects were broad in scope. Female fecundity was lower in field cages set up on manure-amended plots early in the season, although it later became comparable between the treatments. Fewer larvae survived past the first instar, and development of immature stages was slowed down on manure-amended plots. In the laboratory, first instars consumed less foliage from plants grown in manure-amended soils. These results show that organic soil management is associated with plant characteristics unfavorable for beetle reproduction and development, which should be taken into consideration when designing fully integrated crop management systems. © 2005 Entomological Society of America.