Browsing by Author "Atlihan, Remzi"

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Advances in Theory, Data Analysis, and Application of the Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table for Demographic Research, Biological Control, and Pest Management
(E Schweizerbartsche verlagsbuchhandlung, 2023) Chi, Hsin; Kavousi, Aurang; Gharekhani, Gholamhossein; Atlihan, Remzi; Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Guncan, Ali; Desneux, Nicolas
This paper reviews and introduces innovative research pertaining to the age-stage, two-sex life table. The main topics discussed are: (1) Analysis of data involving group-reared life table studies. We address the rationale behind the data analysis used when constructing a group-reared life table. Proper analysis of grouped-reared life table data enables the collection of realistic and applicable data for ecological studies, devising efficient mass-rearing programs and formulating pest management routines using time-and labor-saving group-rearing methods. (2) The bootstrap-match technique. This novel technique is applicable to those instances when constructing a complete life table involves collecting the immature independently from the adult data. (3) Application of the set theory in life table research. This procedure enables a mathematical description of the population structure and bootstrap samples. (4) Application of the multinomial theorem. Using the multinomial theorem enables calculation of the exact probability of bootstrap samples. (5) Inclusion of infertile bootstrap samples. Because it is impossible to calculate the intrinsic rates of increase for infertile samples, they are normally omitted in life table analysis. Inclusion of these infertile bootstrap samples produces an unbiased life table analysis. (6) The Cartesian product. The Cartesian product of two sets produces the complete coverage of all possible differences. We compared the paired bootstrap test, the Cartesian paired test based on bootstrap results, and the Cartesian paired test based on the multinomial theorem. (7) Integration of life table data with predation data. This procedure, which is especially relevant to biological control programs, enables a comprehensive study of the predator-prey relationship. (8) Computer simulation based on life tables. Population projection based on the age-stage, two-sex life table not only provides the means to predict the dynamics of stage structures of a given pest population, but also provides an insight into the dynamics of predation capacity of the predator population. (9) Problems in life table research. Each of the subjects discussed is crucial for the theoretical advancement and practical applications of scientific demographic research.
Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table: an Introduction To Theory, Data Analysis, and Application
(E Schweizerbartsche verlagsbuchhandlung, 2020) Chi, Hsin; You, Minsheng; Atlihan, Remzi; Smith, Cecil L.; Kavousi, Aurang; Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Liu, Tong-Xian
The life table is a type of research tool that is frequently used in many studies involving population and community ecology. They are the basis for many comprehensive studies in pest management, pesticide resistance, predator-prey relationships, biological control, mass-rearing and harvesting of insects, plant resistance, etc. Because the morphology, physiology, survival, fecundity, and predation/consumption rate of most arthropods will vary significantly depending on their developmental stage and sex, precise description of stage differentiation and inclusion of both sexes are critical for attaining realistic and accurate life table analyses and correctly evaluating the overall fitness of populations. Since traditional female age-specific life tables ignore the male individuals in a population and are incapable of describing the unique and important feature of stage differentiation (i.e., metamorphosis) that is a defining characteristic of insects and mites, their application to data analysis involving these groups will inevitably result in miscalculations and limit the practical application of these life tables. On the other hand, the age-stage, two-sex life table (hereafter referred to as the two-sex life table whenever appropriate), can precisely delineate stage differentiation and includes both sexes in data analysis, description, and interpretation, and in practical applications. In this review, the problems of female age-specific life tables are examined, followed by a discussion of the advantages of using the two-sex life table. Finally, applications of the two-sex life table in various types of entomological research are discussed and accompanied by examples.
Aspidiotinae and Leucaspidinae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Species Determined in Agri, Bitlis, Hakkari, Igdir and Van Provinces
(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2009) Kaydan, M. Bora; Kozar, Ferenc; Atlihan, Remzi
In this study, it was aimed to determine armoured sacale insect species in five province (Agri, Bitlis, Hakkari, Igdir and Van) of Eastern Anatolia. For this goal Aspidiotinae, Leucaspidinae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) species were collected from natural and cultural plaits in five provinces between 2005 and 2008. Totally 20 species were found and four of them (Diaspidiotus transcaspiensis (Marlatt), Fisanotargionia quadrilobata Kaussari & Balachowsky, Rhizaspidiotus balachowskyi Kozar & Matile-Ferrero, Rhizaspidiotus bivalvatus Goux) are new species records for Turkish scale insect fauna.
Assessment of Non-Consumptive Predation Risk of Coccinella Septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the Population Growth of Sitobion Miscanthi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
(Mdpi, 2022) Wang, Liping; Atlihan, Remzi; Chai, Ruirui; Dong, Yao; Luo, Chen; Hu, Zuqing
Simple Summary Changes in prey biology driven by predation threats that do not involve direct consumption are referred to as non-consumptive effects (NCEs). In general, NCEs are considered common and can affect herbivores sometimes stronger than the direct consumptive effects. However, how the NCEs of predators affect the development, survival, fecundity, and population growth of prey has not been well documented, which is the primary consideration for the compatibility of prey with its natural enemies in agricultural ecosystems. We examined the NCEs of the predator Coccinella septempunctata on the life-history traits and population growth of Sitobion miscanthi via caged predator (i.e., S. miscanthi co-existed with caged C. septempunctata) and caged prey (i.e., C. septempunctata co-existed with caged S. miscanthi) treatments by employing the age-stage, two-sex life table. The findings indicate that S. miscanthi could respond to the predation risk of caged predators by either accelerating the developmental rate or reducing the net reproductive rate, while S. miscanthi might reduce their fitness in response to the predation risk of caged prey. Furthermore, S. miscanthi might also increase the number of winged morphs under both of the above treatments. The results have practical ramifications on managing this economically important pest on wheat production with reduced insecticide applications. How the non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators influence the development, survival, fecundity, and population growth of prey has not been well documented, which is the primary consideration for the compatibility of prey with its natural enemies in agricultural ecosystems. We herein employed the age-stage, two-sex life table to examine the NCEs of the predator Coccinella septempunctata on the life-history traits and population growth of prey Sitobion miscanthi via caged predator (prey co-existing with caged predator) and caged prey (predator co-existing with caged prey) treatments with daily different exposure times (i.e., 0 h (control), 12 h, and 24 h). The results indicated that the predation risk of a caged predator could reduce the first nymphal duration and net reproductive rate (R-0) of S. miscanthi at 12 h, and the first nymphal duration, preadult duration, and mean generation time (T) at 24 h. However, the predation risk of the caged prey resulted in the prolongation of the pre-adult development time and total pre-reproductive period (TPRP) as well as lowered the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (lambda), R-0, life expectancy, and reproductive value of S. miscanthi after both 12 h and 24 h. Furthermore, the predation risk of both the caged predator and caged prey could increase the percent of winged morph at 24 h. These findings indicate that S. miscanthi could respond to the predation risk of the caged predator by either accelerating the developmental rate or reducing the net reproductive rate, while S. miscanthi might reduce their fitness in response to the predation risk of caged prey. Furthermore, S. miscanthi might also alter to winged morphs for dispersal under both of the above treatments. The findings obtained have practical ramifications for managing this economically important pest in wheat production with reduced insecticide applications.
Bias Introduced by the Simplified Method for the Estimation of the Intrinsic Rate of Increase of Aphid Populations: a Meta-Analysis
(E Schweizerbartsche verlagsbuchhandlung, 2021) Saska, Pavel; Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Skuhrovec, Jiri; Atlihan, Remzi; Guncan, Ali; Zamani, Abbas Ali; Tuan, Shu-Jen
The intrinsic rate of increase, denoted as r or r(m), describes the rate of population growth. Simplified formulas for estimating r have been developed to reduce labour and avoid complicated computations. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate and quantify the systematic bias in estimates of the intrinsic rate of increase provided by the simplified method (Wyatt & White 1977) compared to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory using a set of independently collected aphid life tables and meta-analytical approaches. The factors behind the variation in the bias across the studies were also explored. We analysed 112 aphid life tables from 24 independent experiments. The simplified method provided significantly greater estimates of the intrinsic rate of increase than the age-stage, two-sex life table theory in 98 out of 112 life table studies, and the difference was, on average, 27.6 % (95% CI: 24.0-31.3 %). The magnitude of the log-ratio of the two approaches was positively influenced by the pre-reproduction mortality and by variations in the duration of the total pre-reproduction period within a cohort. We concluded that although using simplified methods may be appealing because it saves time during the data collection phase and analysis, researchers, reviewers and journal editors should critically evaluate whether using the simplified method(s) is worthwhile, taking into account that such data are inaccurate and potentially lead to false conclusions. Current advances in the life-table theory and computer capacity have eliminated the need for simplified methods in population ecology.
The Biological and Physiological Responses of Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say (Col. Chrysomelidae) To Different Potato Cultivars
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2022) Golizadeh, Mahdieh; Mehrkhou, Fariba; Atlihan, Remzi; Guz, Nurper
BACKGROUND The use of pest-resistant or less susceptible plant varieties is of great importance for integrated pest management programs. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of seven potato cultivars to a major pest, namely the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), by measuring its bio-physiological aspects. RESULTS The longest developmental time and the lowest survival rate of CPB were detected on cultivar 'Manitou.' Although the larvae fed voraciously, the food conversion efficiency was the lowest on this cultivar leading to the lowest relative growth rate. Furthermore, larvae reared on Manitou had the lowest total protease activity and specific activity values of cathepsin B compared to the larvae reared on other cultivars. Additionally, the cluster analysis showed that the Manitou cultivar was the least suitable (partially resistant) CPB. Moreover, the results indicated that the protein content was the lowest in the Manitou cultivar; conversely, this cultivar was rich in polyphenol and flavonoid compared to Agria and Santae cultivars. CONCLUSION The overall results in this study indicated that the Manitou cultivar might be a good candidate to be incorporated into integrated pest management programs.
Biological Performance and Predation Rate of Scolothrips Longicornis Priesner Fed on Tetranychus Urticae Koch
(Wiley, 2023) Pakyari, Hajar; Atlihan, Remzi
The life table and predation rate of Scolothrips longicornis Priesner fed on Tetranychus urticae Koch were examined at 26 degrees C under laboratory conditions. The age-stage, two-sex life table was used to analyse the raw data in order to account for the varying developmental rates among individuals and both sexes. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (?), the net reproductive rate (R-0), and the mean generation time (T) were 0.156 day(-1), 1.168 day(-1) and 29.15 offspring, and 21.69 days, respectively. Scolothrips longicornis consumed 18.40 and 24.47 T. urticae eggs during the first and second larval stages, respectively. The mean consumption rate for females and males during the longevity was 276.26 and 359.79 eggs of Two-spotted spider mite, respectively. The net consumption rate, which considers survival, was 194.03 T. urticae eggs per individual. The transformation rate from T. urticae population to predatory thrips offspring was 8.9.
Can Symbiotic Fungi Protect Plants From Insect Pests? a Simple Mathematical Model
(Wiley, 2021) Atlihan, Remzi; Britton, Nicholas F.; Demir, Semra; Papasidero, Annalisa; Risvanli, Mehmet Ramazan; Seminara, Manuela; Venturino, Ezio
A mathematical model is proposed for simulating and understanding the relationship between the potato plant and its most significant pest, the Colorado potato beetle, when mediated by mycorrhiza, a symbiotic plant-fungus association. From its analysis it is seen that, quite counterintuitively, an overabundant use of mycorrhiza for enhancing productivity is rather detrimental, in that it triggers persistent oscillations in the foliage and the population of the beetle, giving an instance of the paradox of enrichment. Some indications for biological pest control arise from the investigation of the bifurcations that occur in the model ecosystem.
Comparative Demography and Mass Rearing of Aedes Aegypti Fed on Different Food Sources Using a Novel Perforated Feeder
(E Schweizerbartsche verlagsbuchhandlung, 2022) Hsu, Pei -Chen; Atlihan, Remzi; Chi, Hsin; Dai, Shu-Mei
A novel thermal-constant blood-feeder covered with a perforated film and using pig blood was developed for rearing Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). The perforated film was used as a substitute for the membrane or parafilm that is normally used in conventional blood-feeders to prevent the mosquitoes from directly contacting the blood. The efficiency of this perforated blood feeder was assessed by using live mice and comparing the engorgement rate of female mosquitoes and their demographic parameters. In a no-choice test, no significant differences were observed in the engorgement rates and fecundity between females fed on perforated feeders containing pig blood and those fed on live mice. In a three-minute-long free-choice test, the accumulated engorgement rate was significantly higher in mosquitoes feeding on the perforated feeders than in those feeding on live mice. The demographic characteristics indicated that mosquitoes fed on the perforated feeder containing pig blood had a higher immature survival rate and prolonged adult male and female longevity. Although a lower intrinsic rate of increase and lower finite rate of increase were observed when female adults fed on the perforated feeder, computer projection of the population growth was comparable using both blood sources. Massn acing analysis showed that the perforated blood feeder was much more cost-effective than using live mice. These results demonstrate that the perforated blood feeder containing pig blood is more effective and cost efficient than using live mice for maintaining and mass rearing of mosquitoes in the laboratory.
Consumption Rate and Functional Response of the Predaceous Mite Kampimodromus Aberrans To Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus Urticae in the Laboratory
(Springer, 2011) Kasap, Ismail; Atlihan, Remzi
Prey stage preference of female Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) (Phytoseiidae) at constant densities of different stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae), functional response types and parameters of the predator females to the varying densities of eggs, larvae, protonymphs and deutonymps of T. urticae were determined in order to establish its potential for the mite biological control. Experiments were conducted at 25 +/- A 1A degrees C, 65 +/- A 10% RH and 16:8 (L:D) photoperiod. Our results indicated that the predator consumed significantly more prey larvae than other prey stages. Functional response type of predator was determined by a logistic regression model. The predator exhibited a Type II response on all prey stages. The attack rate (alpha) and handling time (T (h) ) coefficients of a Type II response were estimated by fitting a "random-predator" equation to the data. The lowest estimated value alpha and the highest value of T (h) (including digestion) were obtanined for the predator feeding on deutonmph. The lowest value of T (h) were obtained for the predator feeding on prey larvae, but the attack rate value obtained on larva wasn't different than that obtained on egg and protonymph. According to our results, K. aberrans could be an efficient biological control agent of T. urticae at least at low prey densities. However, further field based studies are needed to draw firm conclusions.
Demographic Analysis of Progeny Fitness and Timing of Resurgence of Laodelphax Striatellus After Insecticides Exposure
(E Schweizerbartsche verlagsbuchhandlung, 2019) Zhang, Yao; Guo, Lei; Atlihan, Remzi; Chi, Hsin; Chu, Dong
The resurgence of Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) associated with repeated applications of certain insecticides has been observed over the past several years. To comprehensively assess the effect an insecticide has on the offspring fitness and resurgence of a pest, accurately determining the survival, development, and fecundity of the population being investigated is a necessity. Because life tables include these, and other parameters of a population, they are a crucial tool for accomplishing this goal. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of three insecticides, cyantraniliprole, imidacloprid, and dinotefuran on progeny fitness and resurgence risk of L. striatellus by using the age-stage, two-sex life table. Experimental results show that the net reproductive rate (R-0) and fecundity (F) of the F1 progeny of L. striatellus treated with cyantraniliprole (R-0 = 131.68 and F=381.03) and imidacloprid (R-0 = 115.74 and F = 417.20) were significantly higher than that of the L. striatellus treated with dinotefuran (R-0 = 64.11 and F= 249.0) and untreated population (R-0 = 77.97 and F = 246.54). No significant difference was found in the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (lambda) among treatments, except for the difference between cyantraniliprole and dinotefuran. Population projection showed that the offspring population of L. striatellus would increase faster after being treated with cyantraniliprole than the control population. These findings demonstrate that applications of cyantraniliprole to control L. striatellus may increase the fitness of their progeny, leading to a likely resurgence of this pest.
Demographic Analysis of Sex Ratio on Population Growth of Bactrocera Dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) With Discussion of Control Efficacy Using Male Annihilation
(Oxford Univ Press inc, 2016) Huang, Kevin Yu-Bing; Atlihan, Remzi; Gokce, Ayhan; Huang, Joyce Yu-Bing; Chi, Hsin
The life table data for the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), at different adult sex ratios (1 female: 1 female, 1 female: 50 male, 50 female: 1 female free-choice mating, and 50 female: 1 male no-choice mating) were collected to determine the effects of sex-ratio manipulation on current pest control procedures. At 1 female: 1 male, females mated, on average, 2.3 times during their lifetime with a mean fecundity (F) of 1,122 eggs. The net reproductive rate (R-0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate (lambda), and mean generation time (T) were 561.0 offspring, 0.1693 d(-1), 1.1844 d(-1), and 37.4 d, respectively. At 50 female: 1 male free-choice mating, males mated 46.7 times during their lifetime, while at 50 female: 1 male no-choice mating, males mated on average 50 times during their lifetime, and all females mating only once in both treatments. The values for F, r, and lambda were significantly lower for both 50 female: 1 male treatments than those in the 1 female: 1 male group; the R-0 values, however, were either equal to or even higher than those in the 1?: 1? treatment. In the male-biased sex ratio (1 female: 50 male), fecundity was the highest (1,610 eggs) and female average life span the longest (166 d), while the R-0 was the lowest (31.6 offspring) among all treatments. Population projections showed that even at a sex ratio of 50 female: 1 male, B. dorsalis could still produce a large number of offspring. These findings demonstrate that management strategies for controlling B. dorsalis could be properly evaluated by using demographic methods. Because female annihilation appears to be a more effective control strategy, it should be considered as a viable alternative.
Demographic Assessment of Plant Cultivar Resistance To Insect Pests: a Case Study of the Dusky-Veined Walnut Aphid (Hemiptera: Callaphididae) on Five Walnut Cultivars
(Oxford Univ Press inc, 2015) Akkopru, Evin Polat; Atlihan, Remzi; Okut, Hayrettin; Chi, Hsin
To provide a comprehensive evaluation of walnut cultivar resistance to the dusky-veined walnut aphid, Panaphis juglandis (Goeze), we collected the life table data of this aphid reared on five cultivars of walnut ('Akca I,' 'Chandler,' 'Fernette,' 'Fernor,' and 'Pedro') under field conditions. The raw data of the developmental time, survival rate, and fecundity was analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table to account for the variable developmental rate and stage differentiation among individuals. Due to the species' longer immature developmental time, shorter adult longevity, shorter reproduction period, and lower fecundity, the net reproduction rate (R-0 = 5.9 offspring), intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.0983 d (1)), and finite rate (lambda = 1.1034 d (1)) were the lowest when aphids were reared on the Fernor cultivar, while those reared on Akca I exhibited the highest population parameters (R-0 = 18.0 offspring, r = 0.2031 d(-1), and lambda = 1.2252 d(-1)). Based on the population characteristics, Fernor is a less favorable cultivar for the development and reproduction of P. juglandis. We also demonstrated the advantages of using bootstrapping for the analysis of standard errors of developmental time, longevity, fecundity, and other parameters as well. Our results indicated that demographic analysis of pest development, survival, and reproduction based on the agestage, two-sex life table offers a comprehensive assessment of pest growth potential on different crop cultivars.
Demographic Characteristics and Population Projection of Phytonemus Pallidus Fragariae Reared on Different Strawberry Cultivars
(Springer, 2018) Rostami, Neda; Maroufpoor, Mostafa; Sadeghi, Amin; Ghazi, Mostafa Mansour; Atlihan, Remzi
The strawberry mite, Phytonemus pallidus fragariae (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae), is one of the most important pests of greenhouse grown strawberry plants. Field grown strawberries may also be infested by the pest in high humid conditions. Life tables give the most comprehensive description of the development, survival, stage differentiation, reproduction and consequently population growth of a population, and thus it is an important base of population ecology and pest management. In this study, to provide a comprehensive evaluation of an ecology-based and cost-effective control program, life history and demographic parameters of the strawberry mite were studied. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions providing 20 +/- 1 degrees C, 80 +/- 10% RH and L16:D8 photoperiod. The data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The population parameters net reproduction rate (R-0 = 6.14 offspring), intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.1317 day(-1)), and finite rate of increase (lambda = 1.1407 day(-1)) on cv. Aromas were lower than those on the other cultivars tested. Based on the population characteristics, Aromas is a less favorable cultivar for the population growth of strawberry mite.
Demographic Characteristics of Paracoccus Marginatus on Papaya Fruit and Potato Tubers With an Innovative Method for Efficient Application of the Multinomial Theorem in Demographic Research
(E Schweizerbartsche verlagsbuchhandlung, 2024) Lin, Ling-Hong; Shi, Meng-Zhu; Chi, Hsin; Guncan, Ali; Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Atlihan, Remzi; Fu, Jian-Wei
The life table data of Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink reared on potato tubers and papaya fruit were collected and analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The preadult survival rate (sa = 0.61) and female adult longevity (28.6 d) on papaya fruit were significantly higher than in individuals reared on potato tubers (sa = 0.38 and 18.8 d). The female adult longevity was significantly longer than it was in male adults on both hosts. The net reproductive rate (R0 = 206.72 offspring/individual), intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.1745 d-1) and finite rate of increase (lambda = 1.1912 d-1) of P. marginatus were significantly higher on papaya fruit than they were on potato tubers (R0 = 37.29 offspring/ individual, r = 0.1138 d-1, lambda = 1.1221 d-1). Population projection indicated that the total population size of P. marginatus on papaya fruit could reach 146,826 individuals after 60 days, while the total population size of P. marginatus on potato tubers would only be 3,619 individuals. This study showed that P. marginatus had a higher fitness on papaya fruit than on potato tubers. We also discuss an innovative method for applying the multinomial theorem in demographic analysis based on the multinomial coefficients and individual compositions. To facilitate the application of the multinomial theorem in life table research including both fertile and infertile bootstrap samples, we calculated the exact multinomial coefficients for all possible individual compositions. A file for a sample size of 15 individuals (file size 4.07 GB) is made available for public access at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11257789.
Demographic Parameters of Lipaphis Erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Different Cultivars of Brassica Vegetables
(Oxford Univ Press inc, 2018) Qayyum, Abdul; Aziz, Muhammad Asif; Iftikhar, Ayesha; Hafeez, Faisal; Atlihan, Remzi
Demographic parameters of the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which is a serious pest of Brassica crops worldwide, were evaluated on five major Brassica vegetables (three varieties of Brassica oieraceae (Linnaeus) (Brassicaceae Brassicales); kohlrabi, cabbage and ornamental cabbage, and two subspecies of Brassica rapa (Linnaeus) (Brassicaceae Brassicales), Chinese cabbage and bak choi). The study was carried out under laboratory conditions at 25 +/- 1 degrees C, 70 +/- 5% RH and 16:8 (L:D) h. Preadult developmental time, survival rate, female longevity, reproduction, and life table parameters were evaluated according to the age-stage specific life table method. The highest population growth parameters, i.e., net reproductive rate (R-0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finrte rate of increase (lambda) were recorded on kohlrabi (R-0 = 30.45 offspring, r= 0.2174 d(-1),lambda= 1.2429 d(-1)) These parameters were the lowest on Chinese cabbage (R-0 = 13.00 offspring, r = 0.1503 d(-1), and lambda = 1.1621 d(-1)) and bak choi (R-0 = 16.30 offspring, r = 0.1614 d(-1), lambda = 1.1752 d(-1)). The results attained from population growth parameters, together with population projection estimation based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, indicated that both Chinese cabbage and bak choi were less suitable hosts for turnip aphids and should be considered as a possible source for developing resistance in breeding programs and integrated pest management strategies.
Demography and Consumption of Spodoptera Litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Reared on Cabbage and Taro
(Oxford Univ Press inc, 2016) Tuan, Shu-Jen; Yeh, Chih-Chun; Atlihan, Remzi; Chi, Hsin; Tang, Li-Cheng
Spodoptera litura (F.) causes considerable economic damage to multiple agro-crops annually in many countries. In this study, the demography ofS. litura reared on cabbage and taro was investigated using the age-stage, two-sex life table at 25 +/- 1A degrees C, 60 A +/- 10% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 12: 12 (L:D) h. Our results showed that the net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate, and finite rate of population increase on cabbage (1893.1 offspring, 0.2374 d(-1), and 1.2679 d(-1)) were all not significantly different from those on taro (1361.0 offspring, 0.2298 d(-1), and 1.2584 d(-1)). The net consumption rate on cabbage (439.1 cm(2)) was, however, three times higher than that on taro (141.7 cm(2)). According to the population parameters, both cabbage and taro are suitable host plants forS. litura. When both the population growth rate and the consumption rate were taken into consideration, the finite consumption rate on cabbage (omega = 3.8054) was significantly higher than that on taro (omega = 1.3184). In Taiwan, taro and cabbage are commonly planted in adjacent farm plots, with taro being grown from March to November and cabbage from October to April. Because of the overlapping growth periods of the two crops,S. litura can easily propagate throughout the year by switching between the adjacent crops during the overlap periods. Pest management strategies for controllingS. litura must be thoroughly reevaluated based on ecological characteristics, including its life table and consumption rate on its major host plants.
Demography and Mass-Rearing Harmonia Dimidiata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Using Aphis Gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Eggs of Bactrocera Dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Oxford Univ Press inc, 2018) Yu, Jih-Zu; Chen, Bing Huei; Guncan, Ali; Atlihan, Remzi; Gokce, Ayhan; Smith, Cecil L.; Chi, Hsin
We compared rearing Harmonia dimidiata (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on four combinations of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and eggs of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The four combinations were: both larvae and adults were reared on aphids; larvae were reared on aphids and adults were reared on fresh fruit fly eggs; larvae were reared on lyophilized fruit fly eggs and adults were reared on aphids; and larvae were reared on lyophilized eggs and adults were reared on fresh eggs. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.1125 d(-1)) and net reproductive rate (R-0 = 260.7 offspring) were observed when both larval and adult stages of H. dimidiata were reared on A. gossypii. When B. dorsalis eggs were used as rearing media for larvae, adults, or both, the values of r and R-0 were significantly decreased. The lowest values (r = 0.0615 d-1 and R-0 = 38.6 offspring) were observed when both larvae and adults were reared entirely on B. dorsalis eggs. Despite the lower r and R-0 values, our results showed that B. dorsalis eggs could be considered as an adequate, less expensive alternative diet for rearing H. dimidiata because of the time and labor savings resulting from the ease of preparation and the ability to store the eggs for timely usage. The mass-rearing analysis showed that the most economical rearing system was to rear larvae on A. gossypii and adults on B. dorsalis eggs.
Demography and Population Projection of Myzus Persicae (Sulz.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Five Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Cultivars
(Springer, 2018) Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Chi, Hsin; Atlihan, Remzi; Kara, Hilmi
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of pepper. In this study, we collected data on the development, survival, fecundity, and proportion of apterous and alate forms of green peach aphid reared on five commercial pepper cultivars (Amiral, Erciyes, Mert, Mertcan, and Naz) at 25 +/- 1 degrees C, 60 +/- 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. We analyzed the life history raw data by using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The shortest development time (6.66 days) and highest fecundity (62.68 individuals) occurred on the Erciyes cultivar. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.332 d(-1)), finite rate of increase (lambda = 1.394 d(-1)), net reproductive rate (R-0 = 62.7 offspring) and shortest mean generation time (T = 12.45 d) also occurred on the Erciyes cultivar; while the lower fitness occurred on the Amiral, Mertcan and Naz cultivars. Our results compared differences in the population growth rate of M. persicae on different pepper cultivars. This information will be useful to individuals working in pest management programs particularly those involving M. persicae.
Demography and Population Projection of Myzus Persicae (Sulz.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Five Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Cultivars (Vol 46, Pg 153, 2018)
(Springer, 2018) Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Chi, Hsin; Atlihan, Remzi; Kara, Hilmi