Browsing by Author "Avcilar, Talha"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

Anti-Müllerian Hormone: a Novel Biomarker for Detecting Bovine Freemartinism
(Wiley, 2024) Koca, Davut; Nak, Yavuz; Sendag, Sait; Nak, Deniz; Turgut, Ali Osman; Avcilar, Talha; Wehrend, Axel
The anti-M & uuml;llerian hormone (AMH) indicates ovarian reserve in cattle, maintaining a consistent trajectory post-puberty. In heterosexual pregnancies, the development of the M & uuml;llerian duct in female foetuses is inhibited, resulting in an anticipated minimal or absent ovarian reserve capacity. This investigation aimed to compare AMH levels in healthy Holstein heifers that had reached puberty with those of freemartin animals of the same breed and age. The study incorporated Holstein heifers reaching puberty between 11 and 15 months of age in Group 1 (G1, n = 20) and freemartin animals in Group 2 (G2, n = 19, 16). AMH measurements (AMH-1/AMH-2) were recorded at 12-day intervals for the study participants. Notably, AMH levels in three freemartin animals could not be detected, prompting statistical analysis based on measurements from the remaining 16 freemartin animals in G2. A statistically significant correlation was observed between two separate measurements in G1 and G2 (p < .001). Furthermore, AMH-1 and AMH-2 levels were statistically higher in G1 than in G2 (p < .001). In G1, AMH-1 levels ranged from 227 to 677 pg/mL, with an average of 367.3 +/- 25.5 pg/mL, and AMH-2 levels ranged from 234 to 645 pg/mL, with an average of 380.8 +/- 24.4 pg/mL. Conversely, in G2, AMH-1 levels ranged from 10 to 72 pg/mL, with an average of 26.8 +/- 4.44 pg/mL, and AMH-2 levels ranged from 12 to 68 pg/mL, with an average of 28.75 +/- 4.18 pg/mL. The mean AMH levels in G1 were approximately 14 times higher than in G2 (p < .001). Consequently, ROC analysis utilizing AMH-1 and AMH-2 data established cut-off values of <= 72 and <= 68 pg/mL respectively for distinguishing freemartin animals. In conclusion, AMH could be used as a reliable biomarker for identifying Holstein freemartin animals.
Evaluation of Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone Concentrations Following Treatment With Vitamin D in Holstein Friesian Heifers
(Wiley, 2023) Koca, Davut; Nak, Yavuz; Sendag, Sait; Nak, Deniz; Avcilar, Talha; Sahin, Mustafa Eren; Wehrend, Axel
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in the blood of dairy cattle are associated with the count of antral follicles (AFC), ovarian function. Numerous studies, particularly in human medicine, have shown that vitamin D3 (Vit D3) has a positive effect on AMH levels. To our knowledge, the effects of Vit D3 on serum AMH levels in heifers have not been investigated. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the concentrations of serum AMH in dairy heifers following Vit D3 treatment. The study included 20 healthy non-pregnant Holstein Friesian heifers. These animals came to estrus at least once. All heifers received a single intramuscular dosage of 5 million IU Vit D3 (Cholecalciferol). Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal veins of all animals before and after Vit D3 injection (days 7, 14, and 28) for the measurement of AMH and 25(OH)D concentrations. In our analysis, we observed that after exogenous Vit D3 administration, circular 25(OH)D increased constantly (up to day 28 after Vit D3 injection) in all animals. On day 28, AMH concentrations saw a 10% increase in comparison with those measured the day before the Vit D3 injection. However, a comparison of AMH concentrations measured across days did not reveal statistically significant differences between Day 0, 7, 14, and 28 levels (p = .10). Furthermore, no statistical correlation was observed between the pairs (age-AMH) and (weight-AMH). Considering all times, no correlation was found between 25(OH)D and blood AMH levels. These findings demonstrated that exogenous Vit D3 did not affect serum AMH in Holstein Friesian heifers.
Investigation of Relationships Between Serum Lactate, Acute Phase Proteins, Pro/Antiinflammatory Cytokine Levels, and Metritis Formation in Holstein Dairy Heifers
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Avcilar, Talha; Koca, Davut; Nak, Yavuz; Sahin, Mustafa Eren; Ozyigit, Musa Ozgur; Nak, Deniz
The main purpose of this investigation was to identify and suggest suitable early screening inflammatory markers for the early diagnosis of uterine infections such as acute septic metritis (ASM) in the Holstein heifers. In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned aim, the objectives of the present study were tried to determine the relationship between blood serum lactate, acute phase proteins (APPs), pro/anti inflammatory cytokine levels, and metritis formation in Holstein heifers. For this purpose, 250 Holstein heifers which were 11-13 months old, were chosen as the study material. After heifers were conceived, blood serum samples were collected at the 8th and 4th weeks before the parturition. In the postpartum period, animals with ASM (n = 15) and healthy animals (n = 15) were identified, and blood serum samples were taken. Lactate, serum amyloid-A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), Interleukin-1beta (IL-1 (3), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF -& alpha;) levels were measured from these collected blood serum samples. Acute-phase proteins, lactate, and pro and anti inflammatory cytokine levels of healthy and animals with ASM were statistically compared. Heifers with metritis had a significantly greater concentration of IL-6 and SAA versus healthy heifers in the prepartum 8th week. In addition, it was determined that IL-6, IL-1(3, IL-10, TNF-& alpha;, and SAA levels were significantly higher in the 4th week before parturition in the ASM group than those of the healthy group. When all these findings are evaluated together, this study suggested that IL-6, and IL-10, can be used as early biomarkers in the prepartum preliminary diagnosis of postpartum important inflammatory processes such as ASM.
Radiographic Measures of the Pelvis Differ in British Shorthair Cats With Dystocia and Eutocia
(Wiley, 2023) Koca, Davut; Yilmaz, Osman; Avcilar, Talha
The size of an animal's pelvis can have a substantial impact on the ease or difficulty of giving birth, which can vary depending on the breed. Radiography is a medical imaging technique that is commonly utilized in clinical cases to assess pelvic dimensions. The present retrospective, observational study was designed to evaluate pelvimetric differences in radiographic images of British Shorthair (BS) cats with dystocia and eutocia. Pelvimetric values (linear distance, angle, area, height/width) for ventrodorsal and laterolateral radiographic images were recorded in 15 BS cats with dystocia and 15 BS cats with eutocia. Statistical analysis of the obtained measurement values was performed. When the pelvimetric data were examined overall, it was seen that mean values, except the PL (pelvis length) measurement, were higher in cats with eutocia than in cats with dystocia. Vertical diameter, conjugate vera, coxal tuberosities, transversal diameter, acetabula, pelvic inclination, ischiatic arch, pelvis inlet area (PIA), and pelvic outlet area (POA) values were significantly higher in cats with eutocia than in cats with dystocia (P < 0.05). Mean PIA and POA measurement values in cats with dystocia were 22.89 +/- 2.38 cm(2) and 19.59 +/- 1.90 cm(2), respectively; in cats with eutocia, the mean was calculated as 27.16 +/- 2.76 cm(2) and 23.18 +/- 1.88 cm(2), respectively. In conclusion, the present study revealed that pelvimetric values, except the PL measurement, were higher in cats with eutocia than in cats with dystocia. Findings can be used to assist veterinarians in future clinical decision-making for pregnant BS cats.
Radiographic Pelvimetry in Budgerigars With and Without Egg Retention
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2023) Koca, Davut; Yilmaz, Osman; Sahin, M. Eren; Avcilar, Talha
Egg retention, particularly in budgerigars, is an important reproductive issue. This study aimed to obtain osteometric measurement values, determine the length/width ratios between measurement values, and reveal the biometric differences in X-ray images of the pelvis of normal and egg-retention budgerigars. Pelvimetric measurements (linear distance, angle, length/width) were obtained from ventrodorsal images of the pelvis of 15 normal and 15 egg-retention budgerigars. The measured values were subjected to statistical analysis. Examining the pelvimetric data showed that the average measurement values of L1 (cranial ilium width), L4 (middle pubis width), L5 (caudal pubis width), L6 (caudal ischium width), A1 (iliac arch), LA2 (left ischiopubic angle), and RA2 (left ischiopubic angle) were significantly higher in the normal group than those of the egg retention group (P<0.05). Additionally, all length/width ratio measurements were higher in egg retention budgerigars. However, while the mean length/width ratio measurement values of L7 (left iliopubic length)/L2 (preacetabular tubercle width), L8 (right iliopubic length)/L2, L9 (synsacrum length)/L2, L7/L3 (acetabula width), L8/L3, and L9/L3 were higher in egg retention budgerigars compared to the normal group, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). A1, LA2, and RA2 measurement values in normal and egg retention budgerigars were respectively found at 113.93 +/- 3.39 (degrees) and 95.73 +/- 2.22 (degrees); 115.93 +/- 2.25 (degrees) and 104.67 +/- 2.32 (degrees); 115.13 +/- 2.10 (degrees) and 105.07 +/- 1.98 (degrees). Consequently, the osteometric measurement parameters of the pelvis in the normal and egg retention budgerigars were determined using X-ray images. The morphometric data acquired through this study is believed to hold potential value for veterinarians involved in clinically assessing egg retention in budgerigars.
Radiographic Pelvimetry in Scottish Fold Cats: Sex-Related Differences
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Yilmaz, Osman; Koca, Davut; Avcilar, Talha
This study was carried out to obtain osteometric measurements of the pelvis of Scottish Fold cats using X-ray images and reveal the biometric differences of these measurement values in terms of sexual dimorphism. Radiographic images of the pelvis in the laterolateral and ventrodorsal direction were used in male and female Scottish Fold cats aged 2-4 years with dystocia and eutocia. The measurements of 18 osteometric parameters and 36 parameters, such as the height/width ratio of the cat pelvis, were taken, and statistical analysis of the measurements was initiated. When the pelvimetric data were examined, it was observed that all of the remaining 16 measurement values, except for inclinatio pelvis and arcus ischiadicus measurement values, were statistically significantly higher in the male cats than in the female cats (p < 0.05). Mean height/width ratio measurements in the cats with dystocia were mostly higher (21 parameters out of 36 parameters) than in male cats and cats with eutocia. In general, in the pelvic measurements of both male cats and cats with eutocia and dystocia, there were predominantly positive correlations. However, there were also statistically significant negative correlations. The mean pelvic inlet and outlet area measurement values were calculated as 38.21 +/- 0.86 cm(2) and 29.21 +/- 1.21 cm(2) in the males, 32.67 +/- 0.95 cm(2 )and 26.38 +/- 0.87 cm(2) in cats with eutocia, and 29.83 +/- 1.41 cm(2) and 24.83 +/- 1.01 cm(2) in cats with dystocia, respectively. The basic pelvimetric data obtained in Scottish Fold cats in this study will benefit future research focusing on sex determination, breeding management programs for cats, and animal selection and help individuals working in animal clinics and on zooarchaeology.
Sex Determination in Budgerigars Using Radiographic Pelvimetry
(Wiley, 2024) Yilmaz, Osman; Koca, Davut; Sahin, Mustafa Eren; Avcilar, Talha
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the pelvimetric values obtained from radiographic pelvis images of budgerigars in terms of sexual dimorphism. The objectives included determining linear osteometric and angle measurements of the pelvis, as well as calculating the length-to-width ratios among different pelvimetric measurements. Additionally, the study aimed to reveal the correlations between age and body weight with both the pelvimetric measurements and ratio measurements in these animals.Methods: In this study, measurements of linear distance, angle and length-to-width ratios were obtained from ventrodorsal images of the pelvis in a sample of 60 budgerigars, consisting of 30 males and 30 females. Subsequently, the statistical analysis of the obtained measurement values was performed.Results: When analysing the morphometric measurement values based on sex, it was observed that all linear measurements (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, L10 and L11) were higher in males, whereas the angle measurements (A1, LA2 and RA2) were found to be significantly greater in females (p < 0.05). Additionally, both male and female budgerigars exhibited a greater pre-acetabular length of the ilium compared to the post-acetabular length. Moreover, there were mostly positive significant correlations between age and body weight with the pelvic measurement values in both sexes (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The obtained biometric measurement values from pelvimetric X-ray images in budgerigars were analysed to assess sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, this study presents fundamental morphometric data that can be valuable for clinical, taxonomic, phylogenetic, ornithological, allometric and characterization studies of budgerigars.