Browsing by Author "Babacanoglu, Elif"

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Effects of Egg Weight and in Ovo Injection of Α-Tocopherol on Chick Development, Hatching Performance, and Lipid-Soluble Antioxidant Concentrations in Quail Chick Tissues
(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2018) Babacanoglu, Elif; Karagecili, Mehmet Resit; Karadas, Filiz
Lipid-soluble antioxidants can be more effective for chick development when provided via in ovo (IO) injection than when supplemented to the maternal diet. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of egg weight (EW) and JO injection of alpha-tocopherol on chick development, hatching performance and lipid-soluble antioxidant concentrations in residual yolk sac (RYS), liver and brain tissues of quail chicks. Eggs were obtained from quail breeders at days 72 and 128 of age and incubated at 37.8 degrees C and 60 % relative humidity. Each egg was numbered and weighed prior to incubation, and the average EW of all eggs was 11.76 +/- 0.05 g. The eggs were divided into light (< 11.76 EW; EWL) and heavy (> 11.76 EW; EWH) groups (148 eggs per EW). Each EW group was divided into two IO groups: the control (non-injection) group and alpha-tocopherol group, in which 3.75 mg of alpha-tocopherol per egg was injected into the yolk sac followed by a 120 h incubation period. There were 64 eggs for each EW-IO treatment combination (16 eggs per EW per tray). The chick and RYS weights were significantly lower in the EWL group than in the EWH group. A significant EW by IO interaction suggested that IO increased the eggshell temperature of light quail eggs. The non-injected light eggs had a shorter hatching time due to the interaction of EW with IO. Hatchability, embryonic mortalities, and the cumulative hatching rate were not affected by EW or IO. The chick and middle toe lengths increased following IO administration (P < 0.05), which indicated that IO administration had positive effects on chick quality. However, shank length decreased following IO administration with an unchanged relative asymmetry (RA). IO significantly affected the absolute weights of the liver and heart and the relative weight of the heart, which was lower in the alpha-tocopherol group than in the control group. IO administration had no effect on total retinol and carotenoid concentrations in the RYS, liver and brain. Vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol concentrations in the RYS, liver and brain were significantly higher in the alpha-tocopherol-treated chicks than in the control chicks. The highest brain alpha-tocopherol concentration was found in the alpha-tocopherol-treated chicks of the EWH group, indicating a significant interaction between EW and IO. The highest total lipid-soluble antioxidant concentrations were obtained following IO alpha-tocopherol treatment (P < 0.05), in the order brain < liver < RYS, but this pattern was not observed with delta-tocopherol. In conclusion, IO injection of alpha-tocopherol into the yolk sac affected the concentrations of tissue-specific lipid-soluble antioxidants in the RYS and tissues of newly hatched quail chicks, and EW had effects on various parameters.
Responses of Developmental and Physiological Traits To Manipulated Incubation Conditions in Broiler Embryos at Hypoxic High Altitude
(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2018) Babacanoglu, Elif
The effects of hypoxia at increased altitude levels on the cardio-respiratory development of broiler embryos are distinct in comparison with those at sea level. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of high incubation temperature (H) and oxygen supplementation (O) during hypoxic high altitude (HA) on developmental and physiological traits of embryos and hatching performance of embryonated hatching eggs in broilers at different embryonic stages. A total of 1280 eggs obtained from broiler breeders laid at sea level were used. Eggshell quality characteristics were measured for 20 eggs. The rest of the 1260 eggs were divided into seven incubation condition (IC) groups (180 eggs per group) including a control group at 37.8 degrees C and 21% O-2; O groups, with daily 1 h 23.5% O-2 supplementation at 37.8 degrees C as O0-11, O12-21, and O18-21; H groups at 38.5 degrees C high incubation temperature at 21% O-2 as H0-11, H12-21, and H18-21 from days 0 to 11, 12 to 21, and 18 to 21 of incubation, respectively. All groups were incubated in three different incubators at hypoxic HA. The effect of IC was determined on eggshell temperature, hatching performance, embryo development, right ventricular (RV) to total ventricular (TV) ratio, and blood parameters. The highest egg water loss and embryonic mortality and the lowest hatchability were in the H0-11 group, which depended on increased eggshell temperature during incubation. On day 18 of incubation, due to the decreased egg water loss in the O12-21 and O18-21 groups, there was an increase in hatchability in fertile eggs similar to the middle and late H groups. Towards the end of incubation, embryo/chick weights were not different and RV and TV weights increased in the treated groups, and the RV / TV ratio changed between 15 and 26 %. At hatching, yolk sac weight increased in H0-11 and H12-21 groups. The O groups had the lowest serum tri-iodothyronine (T-3) concentration as distinct from H groups. The serum thyroxine (T-4) concentration increased in the treated groups, dependent on sex of the embryo. Blood hemoglobin concentration of O groups decreased relative to other groups. The hematocrit value was the lowest in the O12-21 and highest in the H12-21 groups. The H and O treatments during pre-hatch hypoxic HA condition can be positively evaluated on physiological traits of embryos after half of incubation depended on the timing of the IC exposure to the hatching eggs obtained from broiler breeders at sea level.