Browsing by Author "Balta, F"

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Changing of Flavan Contents at Some Organs of Walnut Seedlings (Juglans Regia L) Exposed To the Controlled Grafting Conditions
(international Society Horticultural Science, 1997) Sen, SM; Karadeniz, T; Balta, F; Tekintas, FE; Tanrisever, A
In this study, changing of the flavans, which are one of the phenolic compounds, in the shoot tips, the roots and the bases of lateral branches was followed. The flavan changes after 1, 15, 30 and 45 days in the organs of two years old seedlings of walnut (Juglans regia L.) under controlled grafting conditions with 26+/-2 degrees C temperature and 60-70 % humidity were determined by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). The observations in the first 30 days were evaluated in relation to the anatomical structure of the graft union, and the changes of 50 days were considered connected with changing of the phenolic compounds in case of exposing to the controlled conditions. Consequently, the flavans decreased 35.95 % in the shoot tips, 32.68 % in the bases of lateral branches and 19.38 % in the roots in first 30 days. But, they increased 48.86 % in the shoot tips and 34.29 % at the roots while reducing 68.81 % in the bases of lateral branches from 30th day to 50th day. In addition, from the 1st day to 50th day they showed a decrease of 4.66 % in the shoot tips and of 79.00 % in the base of lateral branches. but an increase of 8.27 % in the root.
The Effect of Soluble Sugars, Total Flavan and Juglone Concentrations in Walnut Scions on Graft Survival
(Amer Pomological Soc, 2003) Yildiz, K; Yilmaz, H; Balta, F
We examined the effects of soluble sugar, juglone and total flavan concentration of scionwood on graft success in walnut (J. regia L). According to simple regression analysis, graft success was linearly related to sugar and juglone concentrations, and quadratically related to flavan concentration. In addition, the best multiple regression model was constructed for graft success according to Al possible regression approach. It was found that the best model included linear terms for flavan and sugar, quadratic term for flavan and the interaction term for flavan x sugar. The r square (R-2) for this model was 0.72, meaning that this model, explained 72% of variation in graft success. The residual variation (28%) resulted from other factors.
Effects of the Flavan Contents Extracted From Walnut (Juglans Regia L) on Coleoptile Growth, and a Comparison of Relations Between the Total Flavans and the Graft Success With These Effects
(international Society Horticultural Science, 1997) Karadeniz, T; Balta, F; Sen, SM; Tekintas, FE; Tanrisever, A
In order to study the biological effects of the flavans on coleoptile growth of oats (Avena sativa L.), the total flavan contents (Catechin, epicatechin, biflavan and oligomer flavan), one of phenolic compounds in phloem tissues of annual shoots of walnut collected monthly for one year were detected by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). Coleptile developments in the mediums of Flavan, Flavan+ IAA, IAA (Indole acetic acid), and control treatments were evaluated. Flavans inhibited the coleopthyl growth between 6.30 % and 12.73 % in all months according to control treatments. On the other hand, chip-buddings were made each month, and the total flavans in phloem tissues were also determined. Therefore, the graft success and changing of the total flavans in the annual shoots according to months were discussed compared with the inhibiting effects of the flavan treatments. Both the inhibiting percentages of the flavans on coleopthyl growth and also the total flavan contents in the annual shoots were found to be higher in May, July and August months when the graft success was lower. Namely, the total flavans in the plant structure and their biological effects in the flavan medium showed a negative relation with the graft success in these months. But, similar relations were not recorded in all months. The results revealed that graft success might not depend on only the flavan contents in the structure, but also other factors such as anatomical structure, hormonal conditions of the rootstock and scion, and graft technique, etc.
The Effects on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of the Tissue Extracts Obtained From Different Organs of Walnut (Juglans Regia L)
(international Society Horticultural Science, 1997) Balta, F; Karadeniz, T; Sen, SM; Tekintas, FE; Tanrisever, A
The effects on germination and hypocotyl and primary developments of cucumber seeds of the tissue extracts, which were added to germination mediums as 2 ml, 4 ml, 6 ml and 8 ml, belonging to phloem, bark with and without buds, bark of shoot tip, root bark and tip buds were evaluated. While no germination in the mediums of 6 ml and 8 ml extracts was not seen, germinations were observed in the mediums of 2 ml and 4 ml extracts and control treatments. Tissue extracts were recorded to have shown an inhibiting effect. In addition, total flavan contents of different parts changed between 4.32 mg/g and 8.27 mg/g.
An Estimation of Genotypical Distances Based on Discriminatory Fruit Traits in Walnut (Juglans Regia)
(indian Counc Agricultural Res, 2005) Kara, K; Akca, Y; Balta, MF; Yarilgac, T; Balta, F
An Evaluation on Yield Potential in Walnut (Juglans Regia L.)
(international Society Horticultural Science, 2000) Yarilgaç, T; Sen, SM; Balta, F; Kazankaya, A
In this study, yield potentials of Juglans regia selections were determined during two years 1996 and 1997 in the district Van (Turkey). A formula based on productions (%) and average numbers of pistillate flowers on terminal and lateral shoots was used. For this aim, yield index scores belonging to promising selections in terms of fruit characteristics were calculated. Yield potentials were classified in four groups low, middle, good and very good based on these scores. Consequently, five selections were considered as very good for yield potential.
The Evaluations on Preselection of the Hazelnut 'tombul and 'palaz Cultivars Grown in Carsamba and Terme (Samsun) Districts
(international Society Horticultural Science, 1997) Balta, F; Balta, F; Karadeniz, T
The study aimed at preselection of quality types on 'Tombul' and 'Palaz' cvs. grown in Carsamba and Terme districts. Important nut characteristics in preselected types were evaluated. The types of Tombul had nut weight between 2.05 g and 2.32 g, kernel weight between 1.17 g and 1.28 g, kernel ratio between 53.86 % and 57.53 % and shell thickness between 0.820 mm and 0.947 mm. The types of Palaz had nut weight between 2.10 g and 2.43 g, kernel weight between 1.13 g and 1.31 g, kernel ratio between 53.26 % and 54.58 % and shell thickness between 0.845 mm and 0.970 mm. All types in terms of fruit characteristics were considered as promising hazelnuts.
Fruit Characteristics of Native Almond Selections From the Lake Van Region (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey)
(Amer Pomological Soc, 2001) Balta, F; Yarilgaç, T; Balta, MF
The research was conducted in the Lake Van Region during 1997 and 1998. The research evaluated selections of natural almond population grown from seed on Island Adlr (Van) in Lake Van. Approximate 400 seedling trees were investigated and, data from 13 selections were recorded in terms of fruit characteristics for two years. For all selections, full blooming season occurred in late April and harvest season in late August. In-shell fruit weights changed between 2.74 g and 6.80 g. Kernel weights ranged from 0.64 g to 1.32 g. The kernel percentage varied 18.4% to 29.2% and double kernel percentage was 0% and 60%. The shell thickness varied from 0.27 cm to 0.43 cm.
Hazelnut Fruit Characteristics Which Are Grown at Van Lake Region and Hizan
(international Society Horticultural Science, 1997) Karadeniz, T; Balta, F; Cangi, R; Celik, F
This study was done in order to investigate fruit characteristics of hazelnuts grown at Lake Van around and Hizan county. 26 types were evaluated. The types had nut weight between 1.97 g and 3.23 g, kernel weight between 0.72 g and 1.27 g, kernel ratio between 30.92 % and 49.35 %, shell thickness between 0.78 mm and 1.47 mm, fruit number between 310 and 508 per kg, fruit length between 17.68 mm and 26.17 mm, fruit width between 16.84 mm and 22.07 mm, fruit cheek between 15.07 mm and 20.0 mm and shape index (length/width) between 1.01 and 1.44. In addition, the highest empty fruit ratio and double kernel ratio in the types were 10 %, but the highest kernel defects were 15 %.
Lateral Fruitfulness on Turkish Standard Walnut Cultivars and Promising Selections (Juglans Regia L.)
(international Society Horticultural Science, 2001) Sen, SM; Balta, F; Koyuncu, MA; Koyuncu, F; Yarilgac, T; Kazankaya, A
Included in the species Juglans regia L. in Anatolia with rather rich walnut populations from seed origin, there are a lot of walnut cultivars and promising selections with high nut quality and lateral fruit bearing characteristic. When compared to commercial walnut cultivars of the world, the results from studies carried out in different places of Anatolia such as Marmara Region, Northeast Anatolia Region, East Black Sea Region, Eastern Mediterranean Coastal areas, the districts Darende, Gurun, Tokat, Cameli, Bozkurt, Adilcevaz, Catak, Ahlat, Adiyaman, Sanliurfa, Mardin, Gevas, Ermenek, Posof, Ikizdere, Bahcesaray and Yalova until today can be said to be promising. The researches concerning some cultivars and selections currently continue. This paper deals with the results in relation to lateral fruitfulness and valuable fruit characteristics of the cultivars and promising selections from different areas of Anatolia.
Main Composition of the Fruits of the Hazelnuts 'tombul and 'palaz Cultivars Preselected in Carsamba and Terme (Samsun) Districts
(international Society Horticultural Science, 1997) Koyuncu, MA; Balta, F; Koyuncu, F; Balta, F
In this research, some main compositions and fatty acid composition of ten types belonging to preselected 'Palaz' and 'Tombul' cvs. in Carsamba and Terme districts of Samsun province were analyzed. Kernels of nuts gathered at the harvest period of 1995 were determined to have contained 3.97-5.04% moisture, 2.00-2.24% ash, 13.26-16.28% protein, and 54.24-61.67% total fat content. In addition, palmitic acid was the main saturated fatty acid (5.92-6.93%) followed by stearic acid (0.88-2.38). Also, the main monounsaturated fatty acid in kernels belonging to different types of two cultivars was oleic acid (70.38-84.38%). The analyzed kernels contained 8.25-21.37% linoleic acid and linolenic acid in trace amount, which are polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Phenotypic Differences of Nut and Yield Characteristics in 'siirt Pistachios (Pistacia Vera L.) Grown in Siirt Province
(Amer Pomological Soc, 2002) Balta, F
With good fruit characteristics, 'Siirt' is an important pistachio cultivar of Turkey. The harvest season of this cultivar usually is from early September to late September, The study was conducted in central Siirt province, origin of the cultivar 'Siirt', (the Southeastern Anatolia Region) during 1998 and 2000. This study determines the phenotypic differences related to nut and yield characteristics within the cultivar 'Siirt'. The data from nineteen selections grafted onto P. khinjuk and eleven selections grafted onto P. terebinthus were evaluated. The tree characteristics were determined for three years and nut characteristics were recorded for two years. The selections on P khinjuk showed a range of 0.52-6.80 kg for yield per tree, 11.9-67.1 g/cm(2) for yield efficiency, 103-118 g for dehulled nut weight, 50.7-59.4 g for kernel weight and 66-93% for split nuts. In addition, selections on P. terebinthus had a range of 0.70-2.84 kg for yield per tree, 7.5-29.1 g/cm(2) for yield efficiency, 98-130 g for dehulled nut weight, 53.4-60.6 g for kernel weight and 71-91% for split nuts.
Physical and Chemical Attributes of Peach Cultivars Grown Under Ecological Conditions in Van
(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2004) Yarilgaç, T; Balta, F; Balta, MF; Muradoglü, F; Sen, SM
This study was carried out to determine fruit characteristics at different harvest periods of 'Halehaven', 'Dixired', 'Glohaven', jeferson', 'J.H. Hale', 'Redhaven','Earlyred',`June Gold' and 'Blake'peach cultivars grown under ecological conditions in Van province during 1999 and 2000, and also to estimate their suitable harvest times. Fruits were harvested at five days intervals in 1999, and at three days intervals during 2000. In the cultivars, phenological properties, physical traits and chemical analyses were determined for two years. Fruit weights varied to cultivars, harvest times and years. In 2000, 'J.H. Hale' (94.0 g), 'Blake' (86.2 g), 'Redhaven' (79.2 g) had the highest fruit weights. In 1999, fruit weights in the majority of cultivars were lower than those in 2000. In both years,'Earlyred' had the highest total soluble solid content: 17.2 % in 1999 and 19.2 % in 2000. This cultivar was followed by 'Redhaven' with 16.2 % and 'Dixired' with 16.2 % in 1999. The soluble solid contents were lower than those of the first year, depending on cultivars and on harvest times. Titratable acidity varied from 0.14 % ('Dixired', 1999) to 0.88 % ('Halehaven', 1999). In both years, harvest time for 'Earlyred' was earlier than that of other cultivars.
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Peach Cultivars (Prunus Persica) at Different Harvest Times Under Van Ecological Conditions
(indian Counc Agricultural Res, 2003) Yarilgac, T; Balta, F
Promising Apricot Genetic Resources From the Lake Van Region
(Kluwer Academic Publ, 2002) Balta, F; Kaya, T; Yarilgaç, T; Kazankaya, A; Balta, MF; Koyuncu, MA
This study was conducted in order to select valuable genetic resources (Prunus armeniaca L.) of apricot in Gevas, situated on Lake Van Region (East Anatolia) of Turkey during 1998 and 1999. All population consisted of native apricot genotypes were examined with respect to fruit and tree characteristics for two years, and twenty-eight genotypes were selected for future breeding efforts. Their flowering habit and desirable fruit characteristics were determined in comparison with 'Hacihaliloglu'. All selected apricots grown at 1700 m in the region were not affected by late spring frosts. In the majority of genotypes, bud break, first flowering, full flowering and end of flowering occurred a few days earlier than the cultivar 'Hacihaliloglu' in both years, whereas, harvest was later than that. Some selections produced larger fruits than 'Hacihaliloglu'. All genotypes showed a range of 25-48 g for fruit weight, 11-21% for soluble solids and 0.19-2.90% for acidity. Soluble solids content was more than 20% in three selections (G12, G29 and G33), and the acidity was lower than 1% in five genotypes (G2, G12, G27, G29 and G33). Selections with attractive fruit colors had small to medium-sized fruits. Many genotypes were evaluated as promising for further breeding efforts.
Promising Native Walnut Genotypes (Juglans Regia L.) of the East Black Sea Region of Turkey
(Amer Pomological Soc, 2001) Balci, I; Balta, F; Kazankaya, A; Sen, SM
In order to select promising native walnut genotypes, characteristics of trees situated on the Black Sea Region of Turkey during 1997 to 1999 were examined with regard to fruit properties. The walnut population consisted of 4200 seedling trees. Fifteen native genotypes selected were evaluated as promising. The genotypes exhibited a range of 11.8-18.7 g for inshell fruit weight, 6.25-9.23 g for kernel weight, 48-60% for kernel percentage, 1.02-1.75 mm for shell thickness, 65-100% for terminal fruitfulness and 30-75% for lateral fruitfulness.
Relations Between Cambial Activity and Phenolic Compounds
(international Society Horticultural Science, 1997) Karadeniz, T; Balta, F; Balta, F; Battal, P
The aim of this study was to determine relations between cambial activity and flavan contents on hazelnut. While cambial activity were followed on cross sections between 14 February and 13 September, flavan contents were detected in phloem tissues of annual shoots between same dates. According to results, cambium under ecological conditions of Van province activated in mid April, summer wood started to form in the second half of June, cambial activity finished at the beginning of October. The level of flavans were lower in fast growing period, and higher towards ends of vegetation period. There was a positive relation between cambial activity and flavan contents.
Relations Between Phenolic Compounds and Graft Success in Walnut (Juglans Regia L)
(international Society Horticultural Science, 1997) Karadeniz, T; Kazankaya, A; Balta, F; Sen, SM
In the study, the relations between the graft success and the phenolic contents of the scions, which will be grafted, on 9 walnut cultivars (Juglans regia L.) were discussed. III addition, effects of structural hormones in the scions belonging to each cultivar were biologically tested with coleoptile developments. Consequently, a negative relation between the graft success ratios and the phenolic contents of the scions was found.