Browsing by Author "Battal, P"

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Changes in Phytohormone Contents in Chickpea Seeds Germinating Under Lead or Zinc Stress
(Acad Sciences Czech Republic, inst Experimental Botany, 2005) Atici, Ö; Agar, G; Battal, P
The present work describes the changes that take place in phytohormone contents in germinating chickpea (Cicer arietinum cv. Aziziye-94) seeds in response to heavy metal stress. For this aim, endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA(3)), zeatin (Z) and zeatin riboside (ZR) contents were followed for 24, 48 and 72 h in chickpea seeds germinating at the concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mM Pb or 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mM Zn. The results showed that Pb and Zn significantly delayed and impeded the germination of chickpea seeds. The negative effect of Pb on germination was higher than that of Zn. Further, Pb increased ABA and Z contents while decreased GA(3) content in the germinating seeds. The high concentrations of Zn (1.0 and 10 mM) decreased contents of Z, ZR and GA(3) while 0.1 mM Zn increased the content of the same hormones. The ABA content was enhanced by Zn in all concentrations used.
Determination of Phytohormones Level in Some Dried and Fresh Macrofungi Taxa
(Ferdinand Berger Soehne, 2005) Türker, M; Demirel, K; Uzun, Y; Battal, P; Tileklioglu, B
In the present work the level of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), trans-Zeatin (t-Z) and Gibberellic acid's equivalents (GAs) were determined in dried and fresh specimen of 18 macrofungi taxa by High Performance Liquid Cromatograpy (HPLC). The phytohormones were extracted from fresh and dried samples of Cortinarius Fr. sp., Lentinus tigrinus (Bull.: Fr.) Fr., Coprinus atramentarius (Bull.: Fr.) Fr., Boletus impolitus Fr., Suillus granulatus (L.: Fr.) O. Kuntze, Leccinum scabrum (Bul.: Fr.) S. F Gray, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kumm., Agaricus bernardii (Quel.) Sacc., Ptychoverpa bohemica (Krombholz) Boud., Agrocybe dura (Bolt.) Sing., Lycoperdon molle Pers.: Pers., Volvariella speciosa (Fr.: Fr.) Sing., Pleurotus eryngii (DC.: Fr.) Quel., Morchella esculenta Pers.: St. Amans, Coprinus comatus (Muell.: Fr.)Pers., Inocybe Fr. sp., Hebeloma longicaudum (Pers.: Fr.) Kumm. and Amanita gemmata (Fr.) Bertil. The highest GAs level in dry fungi was found in Ptychoverpa bohemica, 444.08 mu g/mg, whereas the lowest was found in Coprinus atramentarius, 22.13 mu g/mg. In fresh samples the highest and lowest GAs levels were found in Ptychoverpa bohemica, 148.65 mu g/mg and Coprinus atramentarius, 10.24 mu g/mg respectively. The highest t-Z and IAA levels in dried samples were determined in Agaricus bernardii, 92.18 mu g/mg and Agrocybe dura, 23.41 mu g/mg, whereas the lowest t-Z and IAA levels in dried samples were determined in Inocybe sp., 2.65 mu g/mg and Pleurotus ostreatus, 0.18 mu g/mg respectively. Among the fresh samples, the highest level of t-Z was found in Cortinarius sp., 4.58 mu g/mg and the lowest were detected in Morchella esculenta, 0.013 mu g/mg. The highest and lowest IAA levels in fresh samples were found in Agaricus bernardii, 1.36 mu g/mg and Agrocybe dura, 0.0 18 mu g/mg respectively.
The Effect of Cigarette Smoke on the Growth and Development of Wheat (Triticum Vulgare Vill) and Duckweed (Lemna Minor L)
(Marcel dekker inc, 1996) Tileklioglu, B; Battal, P; Isler, S
In this work, the effect of cigarette smoke on the growth and development of wheat (Triticum vulgare Vill.) and duckweed (Lemna minor L.) was investigated. As cigarette smoke application increased, the plant height, the root length, the leaf width and length, the stem height, the chlorophyll a and b content, the guard cell length of wheat decreased, but its dry weight percentage increased. As cigarette smoke application increased. the leaf number, the root length, the guard cell length and the chlorophyll a content of duckweed decreased, but its dry weight and chlorophyll b content increased.
Effect of the Air Pollutant Sulfur Dioxide on Phytohormone Levels in Some Lichens
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2004) Battal, P; Aslan, A; Turker, M; Uzun, Y
In the present study the effect of sulfur dioxide pollution on phytohormonal levels and morphological changes in lichens was investigated. Fumigated sulfur dioxide was applied to Dermatocarpon intestiniforme (Korber) Hasse, Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, Lecanora muralis (Schreber) Rabenh., Neofuscelia pulla (Ach.) Essl., Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC., Rhizoplaca melanophythalma (DC.) Leuck.& Poelt, Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner, and Xanthophoria elegans (Link.) Th. Fr. in a glass chamber. Dermatocarpon intestinifiorma and Leconara muralis were found to be the most tolerant species. Significant changes in giberellic acid (GA(3))-equivalents, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), trans-zeatin (t-Z) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels and morphological degeneration were found in most of the lichen species compared to control samples, but also cholorosis, necrosis, detachment from the substrate and chlorophyll breakdown could be observed. ABA levels increased in all lichen species from approx. 1/3 to 8-fold, whereas zeatin levels decreased between 21% and 76%. Elevated levels of GA(3)-equivalents were found in Dermatocarpon intestiniforme, Neofuscelia pulla and Leconara muralis. However, the level of GA(3)-equivalents decreased between 15% and 45% in the others. The levels of IAA were found to be 35% higher in Leconara muralis. A significant change was not determined in Dermatocarpon intestiniforme, whereas IAA values decreased from 16% to 89% in the other species examined.
Effects of Different Mineral Nutrients on Abscisic Acid in Maize (Zea Mays)
(Finnish Zoological Botanical Publishing Board, 2003) Battal, P; Turker, M; Tileklioglu, B
The effects of different concentrations of various macroelements on growth and endogenous ABA (absisic acid) levels in root, stem, leaf and flower tissue of maize (Zea mays) were studied. Plants were cultivated in sand and supplied twice a week with a nutrient solution containing optimum, excessive or deficient concentrations of nitro(Yen. phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and iron. Plants were harvested at three different stages: vegetative (4-5 leaves), flowering, and fruiting. Fresh weight, leaf and stem size, leaf number and ABA concentrations differed remarkably between plants cultured in abnormal concentrations of macroelements compared to the controls. In general, deprivation of macroelements caused an increase in ABA levels. Deficiency of N, P, K, S and Fe in the nutrient solution resulted in marked increases in the levels of ABA extracted from root, leaf, stem and flower at the three developmental stages. Excessive concentrations of these macroelements resulted in a decrease in ABA levels in all parts of plants at all three stages as compared with their respective controls. ABA levels in roots, stems, and leaves were elevated from 3% to 159% in N, P, K, and S limited plants whereas the levels of ABA in these same organs were reduced from 1% to 98% in the presence of excessive levels of N, K, P and S.
Effects of Some Mineral Nutrients on Gibberellic Acid Levels in Maize Plants (Zea Mays L.)
(New York Botanical Garden, 2004) Battal, P
The effects of different concentrations of various macroelements on growth and endogenous GAs levels in root, stem, and leaf tissue of maize plants (Zea mays L.) were studied. Plants were cultivated in sand and supplied twice a week with a nutrient solution containing optimum, excessive, or deficient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and iron. Plants were harvested from three different periods: vegetation (4-5 leaves), flowering, and fruiting. The levels of gibberellic acid-like substances (GA(3) equivalents ng g(-1) FW) were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the first period (vegetative; 4-5 leaves), the levels of GAs in root, stem, and leaf of maize plants treated with excessive concentration of N, P, and Mg were increased between 6% and 27%. In the second period (flowering), significant increase was not observed in the levels of GAs whereas a decrease was determined between 8% and 35%. In the third period (fruiting), the levels of GAs were lower (between 11% and 76%) than control plants in all applications.
Interaction Between Endogenous Plant Hormones and Α-Amylase in Germinating Chickpea Seeds Under Cadmium Exposure
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2003) Atici, Ö; Agar, G; Battal, P
This study was carried out to establish the interaction between endogenous plant hormones (gibberellic acid, zeatin and zeatin riboside-type cytokinins) and alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) activity in germinating chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Aziziye-94) in the presence of cadmium (Cd). Plant hormones were quantitatively determined using HPLC analysis. The influence. of 3 different levels (0.1, 1.0 and 5 mM) of Cd on endogenous gibberellic acid (GA), zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR) levels and (alpha-amylase activity was determined in germinating chickpea seeds for 24, 48 and 72 h. Gibberellic acid levels and alpha-amylase activities were diminished at all Cd concentrations studied. Low Cd concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 mM) increased cytokinin (CK) levels, while the highest concentration (5 mM) decreased them depending on the increase of germination time. There was a negative correlation between GA and CK levels in germinating chickpea seeds exposed to low Cd concentrations.
Relations Between Cambial Activity and Phenolic Compounds
(international Society Horticultural Science, 1997) Karadeniz, T; Balta, F; Balta, F; Battal, P
The aim of this study was to determine relations between cambial activity and flavan contents on hazelnut. While cambial activity were followed on cross sections between 14 February and 13 September, flavan contents were detected in phloem tissues of annual shoots between same dates. According to results, cambium under ecological conditions of Van province activated in mid April, summer wood started to form in the second half of June, cambial activity finished at the beginning of October. The level of flavans were lower in fast growing period, and higher towards ends of vegetation period. There was a positive relation between cambial activity and flavan contents.