Browsing by Author "Bayram, A."

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The Conceptual Design of a Spatial Binary Hyper Redundant Manipulator and Its Forward Kinematics
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2012) Bayram, A.; Ozgoren, M. Kemal
The hyper redundant manipulators (HRMs) have excessively many degrees of freedom. As a special but practicable subset of them, the binary hyper-redundant manipulators (BHRMs) use binary (on-off) actuators with only two stable states such as pneumatic cylinders and/or solenoids. This article describes the conceptual design of a spatial BHRM together with its forward kinematics. This BHRM consists of many modules with the same constructive characteristics. The modules increase in size from the tip to the base so that the actuator powers also increase in the same order. Each module consists of three submodules. The first and second submodules have the shapes of variable geometry trusses and they work in mutually orthogonal planes. The third submodule is a discrete twister. The manipulator is assumed to be driven by pneumatic on-off actuators. Because of the discrete nature of the on-off actuators, a small but continuously actuated six-joint manipulator is installed as the last module of the BHRM in order to compensate the discretization errors.
Spiders Active on Snow in Eastern Turkey
(2000) Bayram, A.; Varol, M.İ.
At temperatures below zero in winter months, a total of 202 spiders was collected by pitfall traps from a snow-covered grassland in eastern Turkey. 16 genera and 20 species were recorded, belonging to the families Gnaphosidae, Lycosidae, Linyphiidae, Thomisidae, Theridiidae, Philodromidae, Salticidae, and Tetragnathidae. © Max Kasparek Verlag, Heidelberg.
A Study on the Diel Activity of Pardosa Spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) Sampled by the Time-Sorting Pitfall Trap in Different Habitats
(TUBITAK, 1996) Bayram, A.
In this study, the diel activity of Pardosa amentata (Clerck), P. pullata (Clerck), P. palustris (Linnaeus) and P. nigriceps (Thorell) (Araneae, Lycosidae) was determined using the time-sorting pitfall trap in grassland and fallow field in Northumberland - England. In spite of some captures of Pardosa species during the day-time and night, most were caught in the afternoons and mornings. The least lycosids were collected at midnight and sunrise periods. The running activity of the species was found to be temperature-dependent. During sunny and hot periods, these spiders were more active and visible. In May and June, the males of Pardosa were more active than the females. The females with egg sacs preferred mostly the afternoon and morning periods. Like the adults, immuture spiders were caught in all periods, but they were more active in the afternoons.