Browsing by Author "Baytok, E"

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Effects of a Bacterial Silage Inoculant on Corn Silage Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2004) Aksu, T; Baytok, E; Bolat, D
Two type silage were prepared, the control had no additives and the other silage with a bacterial inoculant (BONSILAGE(R). Both of them were stored in 100 kg capacity plastic containers for two months and silage pH, organic acids and nutrient digestibility were investigated. In control and inoculated silage pH were 3.90 and 3.63 (P < 0.05), amount of lactic acid 16.75 and 22.45 9 kg(-1) DM (P < 0.05), acetic acid 49.48 and 51.65 g kg(-1) DM, and butyric acid 7.12 and 5.44 g kg(-1) DM (P < 0.05), respectively. Eight Morkaraman sheeps, 2 years old, were used to determine nutrient digestibility of corn silages. In control and inoculated silages, the degrees of digestibility of DM were 59.73, 68.53%, OM 64.10, 66.95%, CP 48.39, 50.30%, NDF 63.35, 66.11%, and ADF 55.33, 59.35%. In conclusion, corn silage fermentation and digestibility of DM and NDF were increased (P < 0.05) by the bacterial inoculation (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) in Dairy Cow Diets on Milk Yield, Some Rumen Fluid Parameters and Blood Metabolites of Dairy Cow Diets
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2003) Nursoy, H; Baytok, E
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of baker's yeast as a protein source instead of soybean meal in dairy cow diets. Four dairy cows were utilized in a 4 x 4 Latin Square experiment. Diets included 0.0% (Control Diet), 6.6% (Diet 1), 13.2% (Diet 2), and 19.8% (Diet 3) baker's yeast containing 3.56 x 10(8) CFU/g. Forty percent of the dry matter intake of dairy cows was supplied from concentrate, and forage was offered ad libitum. The dry matter intake, milk yield, and composition of milk were similar. While the rumen NH3-N level was significantly low (p < 0.05) 3 h post-feeding, acetic acid concentration was significantly high (p < 0.05) 12 h post-feeding in cows that consumed diets containing yeast. Propionic acid concentrations were lower (p < 0.01) 3 h post-feeding in cows that consumed Diets 2 and 3 compared with those that consumed the other diets. While serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cows that consumed diets containing baker's yeast than in those that consumed the control diet, serum protein, urea, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, gamma glutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase were similar in cows that consumed different diets. It was concluded from this study that there were some positive effects, such as low rumen NH3-N level and high acetic acid concentration, in cows that consumed diets containing yeast, and thus, baker's yeast can be utilized in dairy cow diets as a protein source.
The Effects of Different Silage Additives on Rumen Protozoan Number and Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration in Sheep Fed Corn Silage
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2003) Dönmez, N; Karsli, MA; Çinar, A; Aksu, T; Baytok, E
The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of different silage additives on protozoan population, genera and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and percentage of VFAs in corn silage. Four ruminally fistulated Morkaraman x Kivircik lambs were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 14-day adaptation and 1-day sampling periods. The animals were offered 20% cottonseed meal and 80% corn silage with or without treatment with silage additives, ad libitum intake. Silages used in the experiment were corn silage without treatment, treated with 5% molasses, 0.05% formic acid, and 10 g/t enzyme. Total protozoan number was significantly different among treatments (P < 0.05). It was the highest in sheep fed silage treated with molasses (313.2 x 10(3) ml(-1)) and the lowest in sheep fed silage treated with formic acid (168.0 x 10(3) ml(-1)). Entodinium, Epidinium, Isotricha, Dasytricha, Diplodinium, and Osphyroxscolex types were observed in all treatments, but major protozoan genera were Entodinium, comprising 61-69% of total protozoan population. Total VFA concentration was significantly less in sheep fed enzyme-treated silage compared with other treatments. Percentage of acetic acidwas significantly lower (P < 0.05) in sheep fed silage treated with molasses compared with other treatments, but percentages of propionic acid, and butyric acid were similar among treatments. Ruminal ammonia-N concentrations ranged from 7.71 to 15.87 mg/dl and were lowest in sheep fed enzyme-treated silage among treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the highest protozoan counts were observed in the rumen of sheep fed corn silage treated with molasses. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Formic Acid or Formic Acid Plus Molasses Additives on the Fermentation Quality and Dm and Adf Degradabilities of Grass Silage
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2003) Baytok, E; Muruz, H
This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of formic acid and formic acid plus molasses additives on the grass silage fermentation characteristics and degradability of dry matter (CM) and acid-detergent fibre (ADF). Grasses were cut in early (experiment I), middle (experiment II) and late maturity (experiment III). The additive treatments in experiments I, II and III were: 1) Untreated; 2) 0.5% Formic acid (FA): 3) FA+2% molasses: 4) FA+4% molasses; and 5) FA+6% molasses. The silages were ensiled in jar silos (1 L) and DM and ADF degradability were determined by using the nylon bag technique in the rumens of four fistulated sheep. Increasing formic acid plus molasses decreased the ADF and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content of silages as compared with FA and untreated silages in experiments I, II and III (p < 0.001). Formic acid plus molasses silages were well 1 reserved with low pH (4.62, 4.51, 4.54), high lactic (30.62, 32.20, 28.54 g kg(-1) DM) and acetic acid (19.21, 21.46, 20.65 g (kg-1) DM) and low butyric acid (3.81, 2.19, 1.43 g (kg-1) DIM) as compared with untreated silages (pH: 5.12, 5.35, 5.36; lactic acid: 20.70, 21.47, 15.21 g (kg-1) DIM; acetic acid: 14.32, 15.88, 11.28 g (kg-1) DIM; butyric acid: 4.50, 3.47, 6.68 g (kg-1) DIM in experiments I, II and III, respectively). However, silage fermentation quality was not at the optimal level. The FA silages were moderately preserved with more restricted fermentation than the formic acid plus molasses and untreated groups. In experiments I, II and III, significant differences were noticed between untreated and other silages in respect of DM degradability. ADF degradability was not affected by the silage treatments at 4, 16 and 24 h, but was significantly (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) affected at other times.
Effects of Formic Acid, Molasses and Inoculant Additives on Corn Silage Composition, Organic Matter Digestibility and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Sheep
(Elsevier, 2006) Aksu, T; Baytok, E; Karsli, MA; Muruz, H
This study examined the production of com silages with low or high lactic acid concentrations, provided by the addition of formic acid (0.5%), molasses (5%) or microbial inoculant (homofermentative lactic acid bacteria, 10 g/tonne). After the fermentation period, sheep were fed the silages to determine true and apparent digestibility of the organic matter and microbial protein synthesis. The experiment were carried out with four KivircikxMorkaraman sheep, 1.5 years old, fixed with cannula in their rumen and duodenum. Lactic acid concentrations were significantly higher in silages treated with enzyme or molasses compared to other specific treatments. Acetic acid concentration was highest in silage treated with formic acid, and lowest in silage treated with molasses (P < 0.05). The by-pass of crude protein was highest in silage treated with formic acid. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Formic Acid, Molasses and Inoculant as Silage Additives on Corn Silage Composition and Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics in Sheep
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2005) Baytok, E; Aksu, T; Karsli, MA; Muruz, H
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of formic acid, molasses, and microbial inoculant (homofermentative lactic acid bacteria) as silage additives on silage quality and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Silages with or without formic acid (0.5%), molasses (5%), or microbial inoculant (10 g/t) were fed to ruminally cannulated, 1.5 year-old Kivircik x Morkaraman sheep. Silage treated with molasses had significantly greater DM and CP concentrations compared with other groups (P < 0.05). pH values did not significantly differ among treatments (P > 0.05). Lactic acid concentrations were significantly higher in silages treated with enzyme or molasses compared with others (P < 0.05). While acetic acid concentration was the highest in silage treated with acid, it was the lowest in silage treated with molasses (P < 0.05). Silage NH3-N concentration was the highest in silage treated with molasses, but the lowest in silage treated with acid (P < 0.05). Post-feeding ruminal total organic acid concentrations were significantly greater in sheep fed silages with additive than the control (P < 0.05). While percentages of acetic acid were greater, percentages of butyric acids were less in the rumen fluid of sheep fed silage without additive compared with the rumen fluid of sheep fed silage treated with silage additives. However, percentages of propionic acid did not differ among treatments.
The Effects of Laminitis on Milk Yield and Milk Composition of Sheep
(indian veterinary Journal, 2004) Tas, A; Isleyici, O; Baytok, E; Cak, B; Savran, A; Demirel, E; Ceylan, E
The Effects of Some Silage Additives in Sorghum Silage on the Silage Quality and Ruminal Degradabilities of Nutrients I - The Effects on Silage Quality
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2003) Bingöl, NT; Baytok, E
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of different silage additives on the silage quality of sorghum silage. Different sorghum silages were prepared from sorghum harvested at the milk or dough stage (287.40 and 304.80 g/kg DM) with or without SIL-ALL (enzyme-inoculant complex; EI), molasses (M), formic acid (FA), M + FA, El + FA, El + M and El + FA + M additives in laboratory silos (glass jar 1 kg in volume) and incubated for two months. After incubation, the silos were opened and chemical and physical analyses were done. The dry matter contents of silages with additives harvested at the milk or dough stages were different. However, while the addition of molasses generally increased the DM concentration, it decreased the concentrations of NDF and ADF. Addition of formic acid alone, El + FA, M + FA, and El + FA + M significantly increased (p < 0.01) the pH of silages (4.17, 4.31; 4.06, 4.27; 4.20, 4.31; 4.07, 4.29; respectively) at stages I and II. All additives, except molasses, significantly decreased (p < 0.01) the lactic acid concentration of silage when compared with the control at stages I and II. Differences in acetic acid concentrations were observed among silages at both stages; molasses addition increased the acetic acid concentration, especially at stage II. Butiric acid was not determined in any group at either stage. It was concluded that the addition of molasses to sorghum silage prepared from sorghum harvested at the milk stage increased the fermentation quality. However, high quality sorghum silage can be achieved without any additives from sorghum harvested at the milk or dough stage.
The Effects of Some Silage Additives in Sorghum Silage on the Silage Quality and Ruminal Degradabilities of Nutrients Ii - Ruminal Degradabilities of Nutrients
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2003) Bingöl, NT; Baytok, E
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of different silage additives on the ruminal degradability of sorghum silage. Different sorghum silages were prepared from sorghum harvested at the milk or dough stage (287.40 and 304.80 g/kg DM) with or without SIL-ALL (enzyme-inoculant complex; EI), molasses (M), formic acid (FA), M + FA, El + FA, El + M and El + FA + M additives in laboratory silos (glass jar I kg in volume) and incubated for two months. After incubation, the silos were opened and dry matter and ADF analyses were done. The dry matter and ADF degradabilities of the silages were determined in ruminally fistulated rams. Dry matter and ADF degradabilities varied among the silages throughout incubation (4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h). While molasses addition into sorghum silage significantly increased in situ ruminal degradabilities of silages, the addition of FA decreased them (p < 0.01). It was concluded that the addition of molasses to sorghum silage prepared from sorghum harvested at the milk stage increased the in situ degradability of silage. However, high ruminal degradability can be achieved without an additives from sorghum harvested at the milk or dough stage.