Browsing by Author "Bingol, Mehmet"

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Determination of Pre-Parturition and Post-Parturition Behaviors of Norduz Goats
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2012) Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karaca, Serhat; Kor, Askin; Bingol, Mehmet
The objective of this study was to determine of pre-parturition and post-parturition behaviors of Norduz Goats. Animal subjects consisted of 18 primiparous single-birth does aged 2-3 years. During the kidding time, the goats were recorded with digital video cameras for one hour pre parturition and 24 h post-parturition in order to register parturition traits. Twelve does (67%) gave birth while being recumbent and six (33%) while standing (P<0.01). The majority of kidding (n=12, 67%) occurred between 12.00 -18.00 h, followed by 18.00-24.00 h (n=4, 22%) and 00.00-06.00 h (n=2, 11%). The majority of does (n= 83%) accepted and nursed their kids after parturition; however, 3 does (17%) rejected their kids after parturition. Of those does who accepted their kids, 14 (93%) refrained from feeding throughout the observation period, whereas only 1 (7%) left her kid to feed during this period (1/15). The duration of parturition, the duration of placenta expulsion, the latency to first sniffing, the latency to first licking, the latency to first suckling, the duration of first suckling, the latency to first standing, and the duration of standing at the birth site were 21.99 +/- 2.49 min., 120.74 +/- 6.98 min., 0.64 +/- 0.39 min., 0.82 +/- 0.22 min., 22.65 +/- 2.37 min., 0.62 +/- 0.13 min., 17.50 +/- 2.42 min. and 4> h, respectively. These results clearly suggest that in Norduz goats the parturition behavior occurs within four hours after the parturition, and also Norduz goats are observed to be having a normal maternal behavior regarding with investigated behavioral characteristics
Effect of Different Feeding Systems on the Fattening Performance, Slaughter-Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality in Lambs
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2016) Karaca, Serhat; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Kor, Askin; Bingol, Mehmet; Keskin, Siddik
The aim of the study was to find out the effect of different feeding systems on the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Norduz male lambs. Lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 each, as follows: 2M (2 meals/day), 4M (4 meals/day) and SF (self-feeder). Then, lambs were fed according to these regimes for 70 days to determine the feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, carcass fatness and meat quality traits such as pH, color and water holding capacity. Although live weights and daily weight gains were found to be similar among the groups, significant differences were found in the daily feed intake (2M: 1.53 kg; 4M: 1.70 kg; SF: 1.89 kg) among groups (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in slaughter and carcass characteristics except dressing percentage (2M: 49.69%; 4M: 50.59%; SF: 48.46%). Meat quality traits were also similar among groups, except for pH(24h) (2M: 5.77; 4M: 5.95; SF: 6.10) (p<0.01).
The Effect of Feeding System on Fattening Performance, Slaughter, and Carcass Characteristics of Norduz Male Kids
(Springer, 2010) Daskiran, Irfan; Bingol, Mehmet; Karaca, Serhat; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Cetin, Ayse Ozge; Kor, Askin
The study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding systems on fattening performance, slaughter, and carcass characteristics of male Norduz kids. In the study, 20 male Norduz kids weaned at 2.5 months of age were divided into two groups after weaning. The first group was reared under semi-intensive conditions (SI) on a mixture of pasture and concentrate, and the second group was reared under extensive conditions (E) on pasture only. SI group had higher final weight (35.30 kg versus 32.81 kg), daily weight gain (153.10 g versus 132.14 g), and warm carcass yield (44.84% versus 46.55%) compared to the E group although there were no significant differences. Body organs, carcass parts, prime cuts, and chemical composition of the chop area did not also differ in two groups significantly. As a conclusion, this study showed that semi-intensive feeding systems improved kid fattening performance and carcass characteristics.
The Effect of Feeding System on Slaughter-Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, and Fatty Acid Composition of Lambs
(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2016) Karaca, Serhat; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Kor, Askin; Bingol, Mehmet; Cavidoglu, Isa; Ser, Gazel
In this study, we aimed to determine the slaughter-carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in lambs raised under intensive and extensive conditions. The animal material consisted of 30 Norduz male lambs, with an average age of 171 days. The lambs were divided into two groups: concentrate-fed lambs (CO) and pasture-fed lambs (PS). The results showed that the CO lambs had heavier carcasses (p < 0.001), a higher dressing percentage (p < 0.001), and higher intramuscular fat (p < 0.01) than the PS lambs. It was determined that the longissimus thoracis muscle of the CO lambs had a lower ultimate pH and higher L* and water-holding capacity than the PS lambs. In this study, intramuscular fat (longissimus thoracis, semimembranosus, triceps brachii), subcutaneous and tail fat samples were used to evaluate the effect of feeding system on fatty acid composition. The polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio (PUFA / SFA) of intramuscular fat was found to be significantly higher in the CO group than in the PS lambs, while similar subcutaneous and tail fat results were found in both groups. Moreover, the PS lambs had a lower n6 / n3 ratio and higher percentage of omega-3 than the CO lambs in all tissues studied (p < 0.05). Overall, the CO lambs have heavier and fattier carcasses with better meat quality traits than the PS lambs. However, the effects of feeding system have varying results based on the fatty acid composition of different types of fat deposits.
The Effects of Docking on Fattening Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Fat-Tailed Norduz Male Lambs
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Bingol, Mehmet; Aygun, Turgut; Gokdal, Ozdal; Yilmaz, Ayhan
The effects of docking on fattening performance and carcass characteristics were investigated using 28 fat-tailed Norduz single-born male lambs raised at the Research and Practice Farm of Yuzuncu Yil University of Van, Turkey. Lambs (n = 13) were docked at 1 day of age with rubber-rings using elastrator. After weaning, lambs were fed concentrates ad libitum for 70 days. Carcasses of slaughtered lambs were chilled at +4 degrees C for 24 h and evaluated for carcass characteristics. Average daily live weight gains of control and docked lambs were 203 and 210 g, respectively. The slaughter and carcass characteristics of the control and docked lambs were as follows: untailed dressing percentages 38 and 43%; kidney and pelvic fat weights 0.07 and 0.11 kg; neck weights 0.6 and 0.7 kg; flank-breast weights 0.76 and 0.98 kg; tail fat weights 3.08 and 1.07 kg, respectively. These differences were significant. Though not significant, corresponding estimates for Musculus longissimus dorsi areas 16.8 and 19.1 cm(2); muscle ratios 42 and 41%; bone ratios 24 and 23%; subcutaneous fat ratios 12.2 and 15.7%; intramuscular fat ratios 3.6 and 3.8%, respectively, were important. The results of this research indicated that docking of fat-tailed Norduz lambs was beneficial in both improving daily live weight gain and carcass characteristics by consumers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of Some Factors on Growth of Lambs and the Determination of Growth Curve Models
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2018) Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karakus, Ferda; Bingol, Mehmet; Kaki, Baris; Ser, Gazel
The aims were to identify the body weight of the several age groups in Norduz lambs and its correlations between these traits were to determine the best non-linear growth curve models for the growth performance of the Norduz sheep breed. A total of 91 male and female of Norduz lambs were evaluated under extensive system conditions. The least square means for weights at birth and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195 and 210 days of age periods were 4.51 +/- 0.56, 9.28 +/- 0.25, 11.14 +/- 0.29, 14.99 +/- 0.37, 18.21 +/- 0.43, 22.54 +/- 0.54, 22.33 +/- 0.25, 23.59 +/- 0.54, 25.58 +/- 0.55, 28.07 +/- 0.58, 29.45 +/- 0.60, 29.98 +/- 0.84, 32.44 +/- 0.61, 32.03 +/- 0.59 and 31.45 +/- 0.57 kg, respectively. There were differences in favor of lambs of four-year old dams at 15 days of age and also lambs born single at 90 days of age for the body weight. The effect of weight of dam at birth, 30, 45, 60 days of age was significant (P<0.05-P<0.01) and the birth weight in lambs importantly effected the weights at 15, 30, and 45 days of age. All correlations between the body weights of several age periods were significant as statistical (P<0.01). As for the growth models, distinguished models were compared using the coefficient of determination and mean square error for both sexes. As a result, we concluded that von Bertalanffy model were the best model in comparison with the other models for biological growth curves in Norduz male and female lambs.
Effects of the Maternal Behavior Score (Mbs) on Weaning Weight and Litter Survival in Sheep
(Academic Journals, 2011) Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karaca, Serhat; Bingol, Mehmet; Kor, Askin; Kaki, Baris
This study intends to describe the differences concerning maternal behavior score between the different genotypes and groups of the age of dam in less selected Norduz, Karakas, and Ile-de-FrancexAkkaraman (G1)xKarakas crosses, and also aims to determine the effects of Maternal Behavior Score (MBS) on weaning weight and survival of lambs in genotypes studied. Experimental subjects were 92 heads of the 2, 3 and 4 years-old of the Norduz, karakas and Ile-de-FrancexAkkaraman (G1)xKarakas crosses. The MBS was scored on a 5-point scale based on the distance a ewe retreats from her lambs when the shepherd is tagging them. Within 24 h of birth, maternal behavior score was evaluated, and survival of the lambs was calculated from birth to weaning and at the same time measured the weaning weight in lambs. We detected that in the ewes lambing the first time MBS were lower than those that they were lambed before (P < 0.01). Similarly, there were the significant differences between genotypes; less selected Norduz sheep had higher maternal behavior score than Karakas and Ile-de-FrancexAkkaraman (G1)xKarakas crosses (P < 0.01). The effects of the maternal behavior on weaning weight and survival of the lambs were not found, statistically. It is concluded that with intense improvement programs in genotypes, a reduction regarding maternal behavior score is observed. In other words, the intense improvement programs in extensive animal breeding reduce the maternal ability in sheep.
Factors Affecting Lactation Milk Yield and Lactation Curve of Norduz Sheep in Farmer Condition
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2012) Koncagul, Seyrani; Daskiran, Irfan; Bingol, Mehmet
In this research, mathematical models describing lactation curve of Norduz sheep breed were compared, and lactation parameters were estimated by selected model describing the lactation curve better than others. Then, factors affecting the lactation parameters and lactation milk yield were investigated. In the analysis, a total of 2.366 test-day records belonging to 189 completed lactations were used. It was observed that the lactation curve showed a decrease after lambing followed by an increase towards to the middle of the lactation, and then a decrease afterwards, like a sinusoidal shape. The forth degree Legendre polynomial model (LEG4), comparing to other models used, showed the best performance in describing the lactation curve of Norduz sheep raised in farmer condition. Total lactation milk yield, corrected to 180-day lactation lenght, was 130.9 +/- 3.24 kg. It was found that parity, lambing age and lambing month have a significant effect on lactation milk yield (LSV), and lambing month and parity also have a significant effect on lactation trajectory.
Goat Production Systems of Turkey: Nomadic To Industrial
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Daskiran, Irfan; Savas, Turker; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Koluman, Nazan; Keskin, Mahmut; Esenbuga, Nurinisa; Bingol, Mehmet
Goats play an important socio-economic role in many marginal rural areas of the world. Indigenous goat breeds have taken an important role in the livelihood strategies of impoverished farmers, especially those in harsh, remote areas. Those roles include their use as security and diversification of assets, social and cultural functions. They are also valued for their productive performance, adaptation and disease resistance. Turkey is one of the leading countries in the world for goat population and production. Hair, Kilis, Angora and Shami are the main goat breeds of the country. Hair goats are raised in many parts of the country but are concentrated particularly in the mountainous regions country, while the Angora breed is concentrated mainly in Central Anatolia. Kilis and Shami goats are known for their higher milk yield and litter size and are mainly focused in the south-east region of Turkey. Apart from these four breeds, the minor breeds such as Honamli are located in the Bolkar Mountains in the Mediterranean region (specifically Antalya, Isparta and Konya) and the Norduz breed in Van province. A limited number of dairy goats such as Mainz, Saanen and their crossbreds are located in the Aegean and Marmara regions of Turkey. The population of goats in Turkey is about 11 million head. Hair goats make up approximately 10 million of the total number and the rest make up the balance. There are many reasons for goat production in Turkey, including the country's geography and ecological condition, as well as the socio-economic situation of the rural communities. Goats have been raised in the Anatolian Plateau for many centuries providing dairy, meat, hide and hair to the inhabitants. It is the main source of animal protein for the rural masses in the mountainous regions of the country and less so for the urban population. Goats provide approximately 3% of the total red meat, 2.5% of the total milk and 18.5% of the total hide production for Turkey. They are also the only source of mohair and animal hair production in the country. Although their number and economic significance has decreased over the years, goat breeding still plays and important socio-economic role for the people living in remote areas of Turkey. Investments in intensive goat enterprises have increased significantly in the last few decades in Turkey although marketing margins across the value chain between producers, middlemen, processors, and consumers unjustifiably irregular.
Growth Characteristics of Indigenous Norduz Female and Male Lambs
(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2010) Daskiran, Irfan; Koncagul, Seyrani; Bingol, Mehmet
The objectives of the present study were to compare the growth curve models for their ability to describe the growth of Turkish Norduz sheep, and to estimate the growth curve parameters by the selected growth model. The data were collected from 93 male lambs and 86 female lambs from birth to 198 day of age. Five different nonlinear models, Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, Bertalanffy and Negative exponential, were compared using coefficient of determination (R-2), asymptotic mature weight (BWA), residual standard deviation (RSD) and coefficient of correlation (r) between the observed and estimated growth curves. The Logistic growth model was observed to be appropriate for explaining the growth of Norduz female and male lambs. Male lambs grew faster and attained larger mature weight than female lambs showing that sex is the main factor affecting the growth of Norduz lambs. Type of birth had no effect on the growth of the lambs.
Inhibin Immunization in Norduz Sheep
(Archiv Fur Tierzucht, 2012) Bingol, Mehmet; Daskiran, Irfan; Cedden, Fatin; Demir, A. Ozge; Yilmaz, Ayhan
The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of increasing ovulation rate in Norduz sheep by immunization against inhibin-based peptide immunogens. A total of 18 primiparious Norduz ewes were used for this experiment. Eight ewes have received two times inhibin a-subunit 1-32 porcine vaccine with 3 weeks interval. The rest was kept as control. Antibody binding test by standard ELISA method did not provide reliable information. However, ultrasonographic inspection showed that significantly high number of follicle with 5 mm and larger diameter (P<0.01) has developed in immunized ewes. Moreover, 3 of immunized ewes have lambed twin. However, twin birth was not observed in control group.
Morphological Characteristics of Zom Sheep
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2012) Koncagul, Seyrani; Akca, Nalan; Vural, Mehmet Emin; Karatas, Ahmet; Bingol, Mehmet
This research was a descriptive study and carried out on Zom sheep raised in the mount Karacadag province in Diyarbakir, Turkey. The study was conducted to determine some morphological characteristics of the Zom sheep according to different age and sex groups. A total of 16 males and 195 females were measured. Overall means and standard errors of some characters of rams and ewes were: live weight 65.0 +/- 2.0 and 46.0 +/- 1.25 kg, wither height 76.2 +/- 1.57 and 67.9 +/- 0.94 cm, height at rump 75.5 +/- 0.83 and 67.9 +/- 0.50 cm, body length 66.1 +/- 0.91 and 60.2 +/- 0.55 cm, heart girth circumference 99.8 +/- 1.73 and 94.7 +/- 1.04 cm, chest depth 34.4 +/- 0.59 and 29.9 +/- 0.36 cm, chest width 21.1 +/- 0.49 and 18.2 +/- 0.30 cm, respectively. The overall results of this study show that the Zom sheep have some similarities with Karakas, Awassi and Akkaraman sheep according to morphological characteristics.
Reproductive Performance of Ewes and Growth Characteristics of Lambs in Zom Sheep Reared in Karacadag District
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2013) Koncagul, Seyrani; Vural, Mehmet Emin; Karatas, Ahmet; Akca, Nalan; Bingol, Mehmet
This is the first study and report in which some ewe reproductive and lamb growth performances of Zom sheep were investigated and described in Turkey. The research was carried out on three different flocks randomly chosen among the Zom sheep flocks in the district of Karacadag surrounded by Diyarbakir, Sanliurfa and Mardin provinces, and lasted for two years, 2010 and 2011. The data consisted of 242 and 254 heads of lamb born from 226 and 214 heads of ewe in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Lambing rate (LR), twinning rate (TW), fecundity (FEC) and litter size (LITS) were found as 94%, 17%, 1.09 and 1.17 on average, respectively. There was no significant difference among flocks within years or among years within flocks in terms of ewe reproductive performance, except for the flock 2 in terms of TW. Average means of the birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT) at 90th day and 6th month live weight (SMLW) were 4.00 kg and 22.06 kg, 36.11 kg, respectively. The effects of age of dam, type of birth and sex of lambs were significant on BWT, WWT and SMLW (P<0.05). Besides the WWT was also significantly affected by the year (P<0.05), every 1 kg increase in BWT caused 2.02 +/- 0.281 kg increase on average in WWT of lambs (P<0.01). In addition, it was observed that the havier lambs at birth were havier in terms of SMLW (P<0.01). The average daily weight gain (ADWG1) and survival rate (SR) of lambs at weaning were 200 g/day and 90%, respectively.
Some Productive Characteristics and Body Measurements of Norduz Goats of Turkey
(Springer, 2012) Bingol, Mehmet; Gokdal, Ozdal; Aygun, Turgut; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Daskiran, Irfan
Productive characteristics and body measurements of Norduz goats, a native genetic resource in Turkey, were measured. The animals studied were brought from natural habitats to the farm of the Animal Science Department of Agricultural Faculty, Yuzuncu YA +/- l University. Least squares means of withers height (WH), body length (BL), chest width at back of withers (CWBW), chest depth (CD), chest girth (CG) and leg girth (LG) of Norduz does were 65.9 +/- 1.08, 67.2 +/- 1.08, 21.1 +/- 0.88, 30.8 +/- 0.62, 88.9 +/- 1.78 and 60.4 +/- 1.28 cm, respectively. Least squares means of body weights after parturition of does were 41.3 +/- 2.01 kg. The means of lactation length and lactation milk yield were 226. +/- 7.2 days and 347 +/- 40.1, respectively. Twinning rate, fertility, fecundity, litter size and litter size at weaning were 30%, 98%, 1.27, 1.30 and 1.28, respectively. Means of WH, BL, CWBW, CD, CG, LG and body weights of Norduz bucks were 73.9 +/- 2.61, 75.6 +/- 2.23, 21.4 +/- 0.67, 33.9 +/- 1.15, 95.0 +/- 2.34, 69.8 +/- 2.69 cm and 58.7 +/- 3.91 kg, respectively.