Browsing by Author "Bolat, D."

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Determination of Fermentation and Digestibility Characteristics of Corn, Sunflower and Combination of Corn and Sunflower Silages
(Medwell online, 2008) Demirel, M.; Bolat, D.; Celik, S.; Bakici, Y.; Eratak, S.
This study was conducted to determine in vivo digestibilities and fermentation property of various silages made of green herbage of Sunflower (SF), Corn (C) and corn-sunflower mixtures at different rates [75% com+25% sunflower (75C25SF), 50% corn+50% sunflower (50C50SF), 25% corn+75 sunflower (25C75SF)] ensiled in 120 1 plastic barrels for 90 days. PH values of C and mixture silages were lower than that of SF silage (p<0.05). Concentrations of lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids were higher in SF silage than C silage (p<0.05). Lactic and propionic acid concentrations increased in mixture silages as the sunflower ratio increased, whereas decreases in butyric acid concentration were observed as corn ratio incresed in the mixture (p<0.05). While digestibility of DM, OM, ADF and NDF were high in C silage, digestibility of CP and EE were high in SF silage. The digestibility of DM, OM, ADF and NDF in mixture silages increased with the increases in corn ratio in mixture and digestibility of CP and EE of increased as sunflower ratio increased in mixture. It can be concluded that high quality silages could be obtained from green herbage of corn or sunflower alone, however their nutritive values could be improved if they are mixed at 50% ratio.
Effect of Different Protein Sources on Microbial Protein Synthesis in Sheep Feed Maize Based Diets
(2010) Budag, C.; Bolat, D.
In this study, the effects of different protein sources on microbial protein synthesis were examined. Four Kivircik X Morkaraman (Gl), wether fed with maize silage based diets, fistulated with duodenal and ruminal canula and weighing 54.22 kg in average were used in 4><4 Latin Square experimental design. The research was completed in 4 periods each lasted 22 days. The diets were prepared in izocaloric and izonitrogenic on dry matter basis, Soybean Meal (SM), Vetch (V), Chickling Vetch (CV) and maize Gluten Meal (GM) were used in rations as protein source. The animals were housed in individual pen and adlibitum fed. Animals consumed fresh water freely as they needed. Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Organic Matter (OM), Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) in the duodenal samples and microbial purin, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), CP, NH3 levels in the ruminal samples were determined in present study. The amounts of Microbial Crude Protein (MCP), CP sourced from feedstuff (By-protein), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and digestion rates of nutrients in the duodenal digesta were calculated using different equations. The indicator methods, CrO2 absorbed NDF and microbial purin were used to determine the digestion rates of nutrients and microbial protein in the duodenal digest. The differences among the group means were significant (p<0.05) for amounts of acetic butric and propionic acids but not significant for the time of the post feeding. The amounts of the acetic, butric and propionic acids groups were 45.04, 4.32, 9.35 mmol IT1 for SM; 82.96, 7.71, 17.81 mmol IT1 forV64.17, 7.72,14.48 mmolL-1 for CV and 65.72,7.67, 20.56 mmol L-1 for GM. The differences among the groups were significant (p<0.05) for rumen NH3 concentration but not significant for pH value. The differences in NH3 concentration between 2nd and other post feeding times (h) and the differences in terms of the pH value between Ofh and other post feeding times were significant (p<0.05). The NH3 concentrations and the pH values for the groups were 16.98, 14.27, 14.58, 14.18 mg 100 mL-1 and 6.25, 6.24, 6.11, 6.09, respectively. The difference among the groups were significant (p<0.05) for the digestible CP but not significant for true digestibility of the DM, CP, NDF, ADF and OM. Digestibility rates of the nutrients were calculated as 55.71, 57.83,57.83,51.33,62.58% for SM, 63.02, 60.43, 52.13, 40.93, 78.66% for GP, 77.37, 76.81, 69.54, 57.84, 78.66% forBB, 72.72, 64.87, 45.07, 33.70, 66.19% for GM, respectively. The differences among the groups in the duodenal digest was significant for by-pass-N (p<0.05) but not significant for NH3-N and MCP. The amounts of by-pass-N, MCP andNH3-N were as 8.81, 5.71, 5.06, 9.83 g; 32.41, 16.91, 21.96, 51.25 g; 105.79, 98.56, 115.53, 102.63 g, respectively. © Medwell Journals, 2010.
The Effect of Urea and Niacin Addition in the Mixed Feed With Dried Sugar Beet Pulp and Tapioka on Degradability of Certain Food Matter in the Rumen
(Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, 1997) Demirel, M.; Bolat, D.
In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different energy sources feeds, which are dried sugar beet pulp (pulp) and tapioka added 2% urea and 400 mg/kg niacin on the feed consumption and degradation of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in rumen. Rumen fistulated four Akkaraman rams were fed ad libitum according to 4×4 latin suquare design in this study. The first experimental mixed feed groups, consisted of control (C). pulp (P). pulp added niacin (p+Ni) and pulp added niacin and urea (P+Ni+U). The second mixed feed groups, consisted of control (C). tapioca (T), tapioca added niacin (T+Ni) and tapioca added niacin and urea (T+Ni+U). In the first experiment, daily average feed consumption was found as 1322.3, 1204.8, 1394.1 and 1478.5 g. respectively (p<0.05). Degradations by naylon bag method of the same feeds in rumen in 48 hours were found as 77.89%, 78.35, 79.05 and 81.10% for DM matter and 82.26, 74.01. 75.01 and 91.25 % for CP for C, P, P+Ni and P+Ni+U mixed feeds, respectively (p<0.01). Daily average feed comsumption was found as 1432.2, 1439.7.1520.4and 1347.8 g. for feed groups of the exeriment II. respectively (p<0.0). Degradations by naylon bag method of the same feeds in rumen in 48 hours were found as 77.20, 75.63. 78.63. 78.57 and 79.40 % for DM and 81.70%, 61.80. 69.41 and 84.80 % for CP for C. T, T+Ni and T+Ni+U mixed feeds, respectively (p<0.01).
The Effect of Urea and Niacin Addition in the Mixed Feed With Dried Sugar Beet Pulp on the Rumen Liquid and Blood Parameters
(Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, 1996) Demirel, M.; Bolat, D.
Four rumen fistulated and ad-libitum fed Akkaraman rams were used in this study by using 4x4 latin square desing. Four types of treatment, namely control (K). pulp (P). pulp added niacin (P+Ni) and pulp added niacin and urea (P+Ni+Ü) were used in this experiments. The rate of dried sugar beet pulp was 50%. urea was 2% and niacin was 400 mg/kg in the mixed feed. The rumen liquid pH of animal consumed these feed were 5.89. 6.48. 6.47 and 6.50; rumen ammonia-N concentrations 24.40. 41.27, 37.48 and 41.41 mg/100 ml for K, P, P+Ni and P+Ni+Ü feeds respectively. The level of rumen liquid pH and ammonia-N were found to be higher in the other feed groups than K group (P<0.05). The times after feeding didn't effect rumen ammonia-N in all feed groups (P<0.05), but decreased on the pH of rumen liquid (P<0.05). In the groups the asetic acid concentrations of rumen liquid were 6.68, 6.59, 6.54 and 7.35 mmol/100 ml; propionic acid concentrations were 1.73, 1.14, 1.09 and 1.44 mmol/100 ml and butyric acid concentrations were 1.73. 1.14. 1.09 and 1.44 mmol/100 ml for K, P, P+Ni. P+Ni+Ü respectively (P<0.05). Effect of the time after feeding on the VFAs were significant (P<0.05), the highest concentration observed two-six hours after feeding. The effect of niacin and urea on pH. ammonia-N and VFAs were insignificant (P>0.05). The different betwen effects of K and P fed groups on blood serum total protein, glucose and ürea-N were insignificant (P>0.05). However the level of serum glucose in P+Ni feed and serum urea-N in P+Ni+U feed were highest than other pulp feed groups (P<0.05).
Effects of Microbial Phytase on Animal Performance, Amount of Phosphorus Excreted and Blood Parameters in Broiler Fed Low Non-Phytate Phosphorus Diets
(2009) Bingol, N.T.; Karsli, M.A.; Bolat, D.; Akca, I.; Levendoglu, T.
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of a microbial phytase on broiler performance, mineral retention and mineral excretion in broilers fed corn-soybean meal-barley based diet with low available phosphorus level. A total of 300 one day-old Ross 308 broilers were allotted into 5 treatment groups consisted of 4 subgroups. This basal diet (negative control) was supplemented with enzyme (Rovabio; control). Then, control diet was supplemented with 500 g ton-1 microbial phytase (Rovaphos; 500 g phytase), 1000 g ton-1 microbial phytase (1000 g phytase) and 1500 g ton-1 microbial phytase (1500 g phytase). Body weight of broiler fed low available phosphorus diets supplemented with phytase were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with broilers fed low available phosphorus diet without phytase throughout the experiment starting from second week of experiment. Broilers fed negative control diet had significantly less carcass weights compared with other groups (p<0.05). Addition of phytase linearly increased serum P levels and decreased amount of P excreted in feces. It can be concluded that dietary available phosphorus can be reduced up to 30% in broiler diet with 1000 g phytase/ton supplementation without affecting animal performance. © 2009 Academic Journals Inc.
Evaluation of Fermentation Qualities and Digestibilities of Silages Made From Sorghum and Sunflower Alone and the Mixtures of Sorghum-Sunflower
(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006) Demirel, M.; Bolat, D.; Çelik, S.; Bakici, Y.; Tekeli, A.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate fermentation qualities and digestibilities of silages prepared om sorghum (S) and sunflower (SF) alone and the mixtures of sorghum and sunflower at differing rates 75% sorghum+25% sunflower (75S25SF), 50% sorghum+50% sunflower (50S50SF) and 2% 5sorghum+75 sunflower (25S75SF)] ensiled in 120 L plastic barrel for 90 days. pH values of sorghum and the mixtures were significantly lower than that of sunflower silage (p<0.05). Concentrations of lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids were significantly greater in sunflower silage compared with sorghum silage (p<0.05). Silage acid concentration tended to decrease with increasing levels of sorghum in the mixtures. While concentrations of DM, OM and NDF were lower, concentrations of CP and EE were higher in sunflower than sorghum silage (p<0.05). Sunflower had greater DM, CP and EE but lower ADF and NDF digestibilities compared with sorghum silage (p<0.05). As percentage of sunflower increased, DM, CP and EE digestibilities increased but ADF and NDF digestibilities decreased in the mixtures. It has been concluded that better quality silages could be obtained by mixing sorghum and sunflower at 50% ratio. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.