Browsing by Author "Bozkurt, M.A."

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The Effect of Humic Acid on Plant Growth, Phytoremediation and Oxidative Stress in Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) Grown Under Heavy Metal Stress
(Centenary University, 2022) Boysan Canal, S.; Bozkurt, M.A.; Yilmaz, H.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) applications on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) growth, heavy metal uptake, bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), tolerance index (TI), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in polluted soil with lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). Three doses of HA (Control, HA1:500 mg kg-1, HA2:1000 mg kg-1, HA3:2000 mg kg-1) were applied in pots. HA1, HA2, and HA3 applications increased plant growth parameters compared to polluted soil. Compared to the control, HA applications in polluted soil increased the Pb, Cr, Cd, and Zn concentrations in the plant. However, HA applications in polluted soil significantly decreased the heavy metal content in roots and shoots of the plant compared to polluted soil. BCF in both roots and shoots of the plants were greater than 1 for Pb, Cr, Cd, and Zn. However, specifically HA2 application decreased the shoot and root BCF values in polluted soil. TF was smaller than 1 in Pb, Cr, Cd, and Zn in polluted soil. On the other hand, HA applications for Cd increased TF values. Shoot TI decreased 17.37 %, and root TI decreased 9.09% in polluted soil. CAT and APX enzyme activities and H2O2 increased significantly in polluted soil. However, HA applications decreased CAT and APX enzyme activities and H2O2 content in rapeseed. It is concluded that HA application in Pb, Cr, Cd, and Zn polluted soil has a remedial effect on the development of rapeseed by reducing heavy metal content and oxidative stress. © 2022, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
Effects of Cadmium and Zinc Applied To the Soil Enriched With Sewage Sludge on Plant Growth and Antioxidative Enzyme Activity of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L. Var. Longifolia)
(Centenary University, 2019) Bitiktaş, A.; Boysan Canal, S.; Bozkurt, M.A.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a constant rate of sewage sludge (SS) together with cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) at varying levels on the growth of lettuce and antioxidative enzyme activity. In the pot experiment, a fixed ratio of 10%SS with varying doses of Cd (Cd1:50 mg Cd kg-1; Cd2:100 mg Cd kg-1) and Zn (Zn1:250 mg Zn kg-1; Zn2:500 mg Zn kg-1) was applied. According to experiment results, compared to the control, 10% SS + Cd1 and 10% SS + Cd2 applications significantly reduced fresh and dry shoot weights, plant height, Zn content and SOD (superoxide dismutase) enzyme activity in the root and shoot of lettuce. However, 10%SS +Cd1 and 10%SS+Cd2 applications significantly increased shoot and root Cd contents, GPX (glutathione peroxidase) enzyme activity in plant and the amount of Cd in soil. On the other hand, 10%SS+Zn1+Cd1 application increased fresh shoot weight, Zn content, SOD and GPX enzyme activities in the shoot of lettuce and decreased the amount of DTPA-Cd in comparison with 10%SS+Cd1 application. Compared to the Cd1 application, 10%SS+Zn2+Cd1 application increased SOD and GPX enzyme activities in the root of lettuce. In comparison with 10%SS +Cd2 application, 10%SS+Zn2+Cd2 application increased fresh and dry shoot weight, Zn content, SOD and GPX enzymes in both shoot and root of lettuce and decreased shoot Cd content and the amount of DTPA-Cd in soil. These results indicate that the Zn application could be beneficial for reducing the toxic effects of Cd in lettuce. © 2019, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Sewage Sludge and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Nutrient and Heavy Metal Concentration of Soil and Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus Inermis Leyss.)
(2010) Keskin, B.; Bozkurt, M.A.; Akdeniz, H.
In order to evaluate the growth of smooth bromegrass, nutrient and heavy metal accumulation of plant tissue and heavy metal accumulation in soil, this research was conducted. The study included seven treatment: a zero-N (control), three inorganic nitrogen fertilizer rates (50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and three sewage sludge rates (7.0, 14.0 and 21.0 Mg ha-1). Sewage sludge and N fertilizer increased dry matter yield and N, K, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd contents of smooth bromegrass. The highest dry matter yield obtained at the highest sewage sludge (21.0 Mg ha-1) and the highest N fertilizer (150 kg N ha-1). Applications did not effect P, Cu, Mg, Cr (only 2005 year), Fe and Mn contents of plant tissue. At the end of research (2006 year), soil samples for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd analysis were collected in three soil depth (0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm) for all application. N fertilizer and sewage sludge application had no effect in 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil depth for all analysed elements. Applications had very effect in only 0-20 cm soil depth (on surface soil). Compared to control plots, sewage sludge increased DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd contents of soil. © Medwell Journals, 2010.
The Effects of Sewage Sludge Applications on the Yield, Growth, Nutrition and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Apple Trees Growing in Dry Conditions
(TUBITAK, 2003) Bozkurt, M.A.; Yarilgaç, T.
The effects of various sewage sludge (biosolid) rates and a single dose barnyard manure application on the fruit yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation of apple trees were investigated. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with 4 replicates in dry conditions in Van, in the East Anatolia region of Turkey in 2000 and 2001. Sewage sludge was added to the soil at the rates of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 kg tree-1. Barnyard manure was applied to the soil at a rate of 25 kg tree-1. Two years' data showed that the addition of sewage sludge to calcareous soil significantly increased fruit yield, cumulative yield efficiency, shoot growth and leaf N, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations at the end of the study. These increases were generally lower with barnyard manure applications. The sewage sludge and manure applications did not cause any significant increase in tree trunk girth and P, K, Ca, Ni, Cr and Cd concentrations in leaf samples. Leaf Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations increased at the highest sludge rate from 88.0 to 105.3, from 44.2 to 75.5 and from 9.2 to 10.4 mg kg-1, respectively. The 2-year results of this study demonstrated that sewage sludge applied to apple trees did not cause toxicity in the leaves. However, long-term sewage sludge application may result in the accumulation of some heavy metals in the soil and their entry into plants in quantities above the maximum permitted concentrations.
The Influence of Iron Fertilizer and Sewage Sludge on Plant Growth and Anti-Oxidative Enzyme Activity Against Cadmium Toxicity in Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L. Var. Longifolia)
(Centenary University, 2018) Boysan Canal, S.; Bozkurt, M.A.
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of increased iron (Fe1:100 mg Fe kg-1, Fe2:500mg Fe kg-1) and sewage sludge (10% SS) applications against cadmium (100 mg kg-1) toxicity on growth, enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in lettuce plant, as well as cadmium availability in plant and soil in greenhouse conditions. In the glasshouse experiment, cadmium application caused decrease in plant height, plant weight, and leaf count compared to control. Nevertheless, Cd+Fe1 application resulted in an increase in plant height up to sole Cd application in glasshouse experiment. In comparison to control, cadmium application was increased catalase activity and malondialdehit (MDA) content. In comparison to alone Cd application, Cd+Fe1 application was decreased accumulation of Cd content, catalase activity and MDA content in plant. In comparison to sole Cd application, Cd+Fe2 application resulted in a decrease Cd content of soil. Cd+SS application caused increased plant height, plant weight and number of leaf to sole Cd application. Moreover, Cd + SS application was associated with decrease in Cd availability, catalase activity, and MDA content in plant. These results pointed out that Fe application could be beneficial to ameliorate the toxic effects of Cd; municipal sewage sludge used in this experiment did not reveal a toxic effect due to low levels of heavy metal content and it might be beneficial to reduce Cd toxicity because of its high organic material content. © 2018, Centenary University. All rights reserved.