Browsing by Author "Bozkurt, MA"

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The Effects of Sewage Sludge and Nitrogen Applications on Grain Sorghum Grown (Sorghum Vulgare L.) in Van-Turkey
(Hard, 2006) Akdeniz, H; Yilmaz, I; Bozkurt, MA; Keskin, B
The research was conducted in Van, located in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The purpose of this research was to assess environmental hazards to crops and soils from sludge-borne heavy metal; and the potential of using sludge as an alternative to commercial fertilizer, yield, N content and uptake of grain sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L. A-298). Sorghum plants were grown on sandy clay soils under irrigated conditions. Three levels of biosolids were topically applied at rates of 7, 14 and 21 Mg ha(-1); and two level of nitrogen were also applied at rates of 40 and 80 kg ha(-1). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Biosolids increased yields of dry matter and grain, plant length, N content of leaves, total N uptake and harvest index (HI). Grain yield was significantly correlated with plant length, N content of leaf and whole-plant, and total nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) did not show significant correlation with any considered parameter other than harvest index. In contrast, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) had a negative relationship with dry matter (DM) yield, N content of whole-plant, N content of grain and total N uptake. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Cd, Pb and especially soil Zn concentrations increased with sewage sludge rates. In general, none of the heavy metals studied in both leaves and seed of crop reached either phytotoxic or toxic levels for humans or livestock [1]. The results showed that sewage sludge could be used as N fertilizer in grain sorghum production.
The Effects of Sewage Sludge Applications on Nutrient and Heavy Metal Concentration in a Calcareous Soil
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2003) Bozkurt, MA; Cimrin, KM
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of sewage sludge (biosolids) and barnyard manure on nutrient and heavy metal concentrations of calcareous soil at Van, Turkey and to estimate its ecological conditions during 2000 and 2001. Sewage sludge applied at five rates (0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 kg.tree(-1)) in an apple orchard on calcareous soil significantly increased the available "Olsen" P estimated by extraction with sodium bicarbonate, but also diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA)-extract-able Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni and total N, Zn and Cu concentrations at the end of the study. The pH of topsoil (0-30 cm depth) decreased from 8.6 to 7.8 at the highest application rate. Extractable P, Zn and total Zn and Cu concentrations of calcareous soil significantly increased at all depths in the profile. Sewage sludge application only increased total N, DTPA-extractable Fe and Ni concentrations of topsoil. Treatment with barnyard manure at one rate (25 kg tree(-1)) did not increase nutrient and heavy metal concentrations of soil as far as sewage sludge. Only DTPA-extractable Mn and total concentrations of Zn and Cu rose with manure application at the end of the experimental studies.
Heavy Metal Accumulation in Different Organs of Plants Grown Under High Sewage Sludge Doses
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2006) Yürük, A; Bozkurt, MA
Excessive applications of sewage sludge have led to the accumulation of potentially toxic elements in plants and soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various sewage sludge rates (0, 10%, 20% and 40% w/w) on yield and accumulation of heavy metals in different organs of plants grown on a calcareous soil. Bean and chickpea plants were grown in pot conditions with four replications. The investigated heavy metals were Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The translocations of such metals in the plant leaf, grain, stem and root were also determined. Sewage sludge treatments increased grain and biomass yield of bean and chickpea, and did not cause any disturbances of mineral nutrition. The level of heavy metals was higher in roots, followed by leaves, with increasing amounts of sludge. However, zinc was mostly accumulated in roots, but also significantly increased in the other organs of both species. Sludge treatments did not lead to large variations in Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations of grain and stem of both species. However, Cd, Cu and Pb were highly accumulated in roots. With an increase in sludge amount, leaf, grain and stem Cd concentrations of chickpea did not change, but root Cd increased significantly, about 36-fold in relation to the control. It is concluded that the largest heavy metal accumulation occurred in roots, and the phytotoxic levels of the tested heavy metals on above-ground organs (leaf, grain and stem) were not exceeded at high sewage sludge rates.
Lettuce Grown on Calcareous Soils Benefit From Sewage Sludge
(Taylor & Francis As, 2006) Sönmez, F; Bozkurt, MA
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge, manure and humic acid applications on soil properties and element concentrations of soil and plants. As a field experiment, lettuce was grown on soil amended with 0, 20, 40 and 80 t ha(-1) of sewage sludge or manure. Humic acid was applied on sewage sludge amended plots as 250 kg ha(-1). Addition of sewage sludge and manure increased lettuce yield, head circle, head height and leaf number and N, P, K and Mg levels to same extent. Leaf Cd concentration increased in sludge treated plots more than manure treated plots. Sewage sludge and manure applications increased organic matter, electrical conductivity, total N, available P, exchangeable K, total Cu, Ni and AB-DTPA ( ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable Mn, Cu and Cd concentrations of topsoil. Extractable Fe, Cr and Zn and total Cd, Cr and Zn increased in soil with added sludge. Soil pH was unaffected by either sludge or manure applications. Lettuce leaf concentrations of Cd from the plots treated with humic acid were lower than those not treated with humic acid. Sludge together with humic acid application significantly increased soil available P, and impeded the increase of the soil AB-DTPA extractable Zn concentration. It may be concluded that sewage sludge can be an alternative to manure to enrich organic matter, and rectify N, P, Fe and Zn deficiencies with high pH and calcareous soils. Also, humic substances can be used, to a limited extent, for controlling the availability of sludge-borne heavy metals.
Quantitative Relationships Between Nutrient Contents and Oil Quality of Sunflower Seed
(Springer india, 2001) Bozkurt, MA; Karacal, I
A study was carried out to examine the effect of nutrient contents, viz., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and manganese contents for their direct and indirect effects on seed oil and fatty acid concentrations using correlation and path coefficient analyses. Path coefficient analyses indicated that nitrogen content had the greatest direct effects (-0.6151) on seed oil concentration, Path coefficient analyses also indicated that manganese (0.4441), phosphorus (0.3289) and nitrogen contents (0.2853) had the primary influence on oleic acid concentration. Linoleic acid concentration was primarily influenced (negatively) by nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus contents (-0.3559, -0.2245,-0.2767, respectively) as indicated by path coefficient analyses. The highest indirect effects of nutrient contents on fatty acid concentrations were via potassium, followed by manganese and phosphorus contents.