Browsing by Author "Budag, C."

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Effect of Different Protein Sources on Microbial Protein Synthesis in Sheep Feed Maize Based Diets
(2010) Budag, C.; Bolat, D.
In this study, the effects of different protein sources on microbial protein synthesis were examined. Four Kivircik X Morkaraman (Gl), wether fed with maize silage based diets, fistulated with duodenal and ruminal canula and weighing 54.22 kg in average were used in 4><4 Latin Square experimental design. The research was completed in 4 periods each lasted 22 days. The diets were prepared in izocaloric and izonitrogenic on dry matter basis, Soybean Meal (SM), Vetch (V), Chickling Vetch (CV) and maize Gluten Meal (GM) were used in rations as protein source. The animals were housed in individual pen and adlibitum fed. Animals consumed fresh water freely as they needed. Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Organic Matter (OM), Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) in the duodenal samples and microbial purin, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), CP, NH3 levels in the ruminal samples were determined in present study. The amounts of Microbial Crude Protein (MCP), CP sourced from feedstuff (By-protein), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and digestion rates of nutrients in the duodenal digesta were calculated using different equations. The indicator methods, CrO2 absorbed NDF and microbial purin were used to determine the digestion rates of nutrients and microbial protein in the duodenal digest. The differences among the group means were significant (p<0.05) for amounts of acetic butric and propionic acids but not significant for the time of the post feeding. The amounts of the acetic, butric and propionic acids groups were 45.04, 4.32, 9.35 mmol IT1 for SM; 82.96, 7.71, 17.81 mmol IT1 forV64.17, 7.72,14.48 mmolL-1 for CV and 65.72,7.67, 20.56 mmol L-1 for GM. The differences among the groups were significant (p<0.05) for rumen NH3 concentration but not significant for pH value. The differences in NH3 concentration between 2nd and other post feeding times (h) and the differences in terms of the pH value between Ofh and other post feeding times were significant (p<0.05). The NH3 concentrations and the pH values for the groups were 16.98, 14.27, 14.58, 14.18 mg 100 mL-1 and 6.25, 6.24, 6.11, 6.09, respectively. The difference among the groups were significant (p<0.05) for the digestible CP but not significant for true digestibility of the DM, CP, NDF, ADF and OM. Digestibility rates of the nutrients were calculated as 55.71, 57.83,57.83,51.33,62.58% for SM, 63.02, 60.43, 52.13, 40.93, 78.66% for GP, 77.37, 76.81, 69.54, 57.84, 78.66% forBB, 72.72, 64.87, 45.07, 33.70, 66.19% for GM, respectively. The differences among the groups in the duodenal digest was significant for by-pass-N (p<0.05) but not significant for NH3-N and MCP. The amounts of by-pass-N, MCP andNH3-N were as 8.81, 5.71, 5.06, 9.83 g; 32.41, 16.91, 21.96, 51.25 g; 105.79, 98.56, 115.53, 102.63 g, respectively. © Medwell Journals, 2010.
An Investigation on Nutrient and Selenium Content of Grass From Different Areas
(2010) Demirkus, T.; Budag, C.
In this study, total nutrient and Selenium (Se) content of 84 pasture grass samples taken from 15 locations around Van Lake and were analyzed. The samples were collected every 15 days between May 15th 1996 and August 15th 1996 for seven different periods. Sampling was performed in 1 location for 3 periods, in 5 locations for 5 periods, in 7 locations for 6 periods and in 2 locations for 7 periods. The differences between periods were not significant in Crude Ash (CA%) (p>0.05) but were significant in Dry Matter (DM%), Crude Protein (CP%), Ether Extract (EE%), Crude Fiber (CF%) and Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE%) (p<0.05). There were significant differences between locations in DM, CP, EE, CA, CF and NFE% (p<0.05). Regression analysis results showed no relationship between DM, CP, EE, CA, CF and NFE% and Se (mg kg-1) content. © Medwell Journals, 2010.
Lhrh Fusion Protein Immunization Alters Testicular Development, Ultrasonographic and Histological Appearance of Ram Testis
(Wiley-blackwell Publishing, inc, 2009) Ulker, H.; Yilmaz, A.; Karakus, F.; Yoruk, M.; Budag, C.; deAvila, D. M.; Reeves, J. J.
This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) fusion protein immunization on reproductive traits in ram lambs including the changes in histology and ultrasonographic appearance of testis. Thirty native ram lambs at 19 weeks of age were divided into control (C, n = 10), immunization (I, n = 10) and castration (E, n = 10) groups. Animals in immunization group were immunized against LHRH using ovalbumin-LHRH-7 (OL) protein generated by recombinant DNA technology as a primary and a booster injection at 19 and 23 weeks of age respectively. Animals were bled via jugular venepuncture at 2-week intervals to determine LHRH antibody and testosterone concentrations. Bi-weekly ultrasonographic examination of the testes was performed to determine the changes in ultrasonographic appearance as the age increased. Biopsied testicular tissues taken at 19, 29 and 41 weeks age were also evaluated. At 41 weeks of age, animals were slaughtered. Semen and epididymis were evaluated for the presence of sperm cells. Testicular development and sperm production were suppressed in the immunized animals. Semineferous tubule diameters decreased, basal membrane of the tubule was thickened and hyalinized in immunized ram lambs. While testes of control animals gained their normal ultrasonographic appearance as the age increased, immunized animals had uniform hypoechogenic testicular structure as observed at 19 weeks of age until slaughter. Simultaneous histological and ultrasonographic evaluations indicated that the changes in testicular histology could partly be monitored via ultrasonographic imaging. Nevertheless, it is difficult to claim that ultrasonographic image reflects the exact changes in such instances. In conclusion, these results indicate that recombinant OL fusion protein is effective in immunocastration in ram lambs and has a potential to be used as an alternative to physical castration. Further research studies should be conducted to help assess reproductive status of testes from ultrasound images.
Some Factors Influencing the Birth Weights of Norduz Kids
(Scientific Issues Natl Centre Agrarian Sciences, 2010) Karakus, K.; Aygun, T.; Budag, C.; Eyduran, E.; Ozdemir, T.
The present paper was conducted to determine the effects of some environmental factors on Norduz kids raised at Research and Application Farm of Agricultural Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey. For this aim, birth type (single and twin), gender (male and female), dam age at lambing (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), and birth year (2005, 2006, and 2007), and birth weights (kg) of 155 Norduz kids were recorded. According to results of the present paper, effect of gender factor on birth weight of kids was found to be non-significant, the influences of dam age (P<0.05), birth type (P<0.05), and birth year (P<0.001) on it were found significant. As a result, the birth weight trait provides useful information for early selection criteria in breeding program. Determination and adjustment of the effects of environmental factors influencing it are very important for achieving more accurate genetic parameters and effective application of breeding and selection methods on the trait.