Browsing by Author "Cakmak, Gamze"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

Calculation of the Lumbosacral Segment Volume of the Spinal Cord in Ducks (Anas) Using the Stereological Method
(Wiley, 2025) Cakmak, Gamze; Soyguder, Zafer
In this study, white and grey matter volume densities of the lumbosacral part of spinal cord in ducks (Anatinae) were investigated by a stereological method. Ten healthy ducks weighing 3-4 kg, regardless of gender, were used as material. Anesthetized animals were perfused with 10% buffered formaldehyde. The lumbosacral parts of the ducks were exposed by dissecting the spinal cords. The lumbosacral section was segmented. Tissue samples from each segment were determined. A total of 12 sections were taken from these tissue samples, each 250th section with a thickness of 5 mu m on the microtome. These sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Photos were taken with an X10 objective. By using Cavalieri's Principle, volume density calculations of both the whole tissue and the white and grey matter were performed separately in each segment of the lumbosacral part of the spinal cord in ducks. Shtereom I program was used for calculations. As a result, the white matter and grey matter volume values of all tissue in the duck lumbosacral segments and their volume fractions with each other were determined and evaluated in the light of the literatures. In this study, when all the volume values of the lumbosacral spinal segment in duck were revealed, it was determined that the volume value increased in the range of LS3 and LS8 segments. The increase in the whole volume value in these segment ranges in ducks gave rise to the idea that the enlargement called intumescentia lumbosacralis may be between these segments.
Congenital Colo-Vesico Fistula With Atresia Coli, Rectal Agenesis and Atresia Ani Report in Kid
(Ankara Univ Press, 2017) Yildirim, Serkan; Karasu, Abdullah; Genccelep, Musa; Cakmak, Gamze
The material of this case was a four days old male Coloured Angora Goat with congenital anomaly. The purpose of this study was to present findings of congenital colo-vesico-urethral fistula and atresia coli, rectal agenesis and atresia ani clinically, radiographically, macroscopically and histopathologically. According to the clinical examination; anus did not form, animal was dehydrated and not able to get to its feet and had abdominal tension. Besides, few amounts of unclear urine and meconium were present in preputium. By taking into consideration these findings, it was decided to make surgical operation on suspicion of fistula presence between gastrointestinal system and urinary bladder. The animal died during operation. Subsequent to necropsy, colon was swollen and observed at the cranial of pelvis ending bluntly. The blunt end of colon adhered to both urinary bladder and urethra. In order to diagnosis anomaly, samples were obtained from the region where fistulas were present. According to histopathological examination, fistula formation of colon separately to both urethra and urinary bladder was observed. Observing congenital of colo-vesico-urethral fistula, atresia coli, rectal agenesis and atresia ani all in one only in materials rare and may present a good sample for congenital anomaly cases.
A Morphometric and Stereological Study on Cervical Spinal Cord Segment of Goose
(Wiley, 2018) Cakmak, Gamze; Karadag, Hueseyin; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Yildirim, Serkan; Yilmaz, Osman
In this study, volume density of white matter and grey matter areas of cervical segment of spinal cord in adult geese weighing 3-4kg was examined using stereological methods. 10 geese were used as material without sex discrimination. All animals underwent perfusion with 10% buffered formaldehyde. Following the perfusion, animals were kept in 10% formaldehyde for 1week. Geese were then dissected. Cervical area of spinal cord was revealed removing cervical spine. Tissue samples were obtained from each segment of cervical area. 5m thick cross-sections were taken from these tissue samples via microtome. Series of cross-sections were obtained by sampling in the ratio of 1/250 including 12 cross-sections from each cervical segment of every animal. Cross-sections were stained by haematoxylin eosin. They were photographed under microscope. Volume density (volume fractions) of both whole tissue and white matter and grey matter parts in each cervical segment of spinal cord were calculated using Cavalieri's Principle. In the study, total volume of cervical segment, volume of white matter and grey matter, and ratios of these volumes one another were assessed in goose.
Prenatal Exposure To Low-Dose Diclofenac Sodium Does Not Affect Total Neuron Numbers in Spinal Segment T13 in Rats
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Kara, Mikail; Colcimen, Nese; Koyun, Necat; Cakmak, Gamze; Akyol, Veysel; Yurt, Klymet Kubra
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of diclofenac sodium (DS) on the total number of neurons in segment T13 of the spinal cord of offspring of pregnant rats using stereological methods. Eighteen adult female Wistar albino rats weighing 150-200 g were used. Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups; a control group, a sham group and a DS (1 mg/kg, intramuscular) exposed group. The DS and sham groups received injection from the 5th day of gestation to the 19th. Twenty eight days after birth, the offspring rats were perfused with 4% buffered formalin. T13, which is one of transverse spinal cord segments, were isolated and processed for routine paraffin histology. 5 mu m sections were obtained using a rotary microtome according to systematic random sampling strategies. Every 40th section was taken and sections were stained with modified Giemsa. All types of motor neuron cell were identified according to their morphology. In this study, the "disector-Cavalieri combination" method was used in the stereological examination of neurons. The motor neurons were counted in the right gray matter of the ventral horn in the spinal cord segment. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison the groups. In terms of motoneuron number, no significant difference among the groups was found (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our results indicated that prenatal exposure to DS has no effect on the total number of motor neuron of the offspring rats. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Stereological Analysis on the Calculation of the Volume Values of Thoracic Segments in Ducks
(Wiley, 2020) Cakmak, Gamze; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin
Stereology is a method for examining two-dimensional objects as three-dimensional objects. The aim of this study was to offer volume values for thoracic segments in ducks by means of stereological methods. This study examined the data obtained from stereological analysis of the total volume and grey and white matter volume values of the thoracic segment, a part of the adult duck spinal cord with a weight of 3-4 kg. In the study, study samples consisted of 10 adult ducks (Anas) used without gender discrimination. To perfuse all of the animals, 10% formaldehyde was utilised. The perfused animals were kept in 10% formaldehyde for one week. The spinal cord was uncovered following the removal of arcus vertebrae parts of thoracic vertebrae in the thoracic part of dissected ducks. Tissue samples of thoracic segments were taken; 5-mu m-thick cross sections from these tissue samples were taken via microtome. Attention was paid to obtaining samples at the ratio of 1/250 by taking 12 cross sections from each segment. The cross sections were subjected to haematoxylin-eosin staining. Photographs of all cross sections were taken using a microscope. The volume values of all tissue and grey and white matter structures in each thoracic segment of the spinal cord were calculated. The total volume, grey and white matter volume densities in thoracic segments of ducks, as well as the data obtained as a result of proportioning volume values of one another are represented in the conclusion section of this study.
Stereological Investigation of Medulla Oblongata Volume in Norduz Sheep
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Ertas, Ozan; Cakmak, Gamze
In this study, it was aimed to stereologically examine the medulla oblongata volume of Norduz sheep in the Gurpinar District of Van Province. Upon receiving news from the sections in the Gurpinar region, we went to the region. A total of 12 Norduz sheep skulls, 6 females and 6 males, were received from the Norduz sheep slaughter in the region. After the brains of Norduz sheep were dissected, they were fixed as a whole in formaldehyde for 1 week. Medulla oblongatas were separated from the brain and kept in formaldehyde for 1 week. Tissues obtained by sequential random sampling from the medulla oblongata were used for texture tracking. After texture tracking, 10-12 sections of 5 mu m thickness were taken by sequential random sampling method using a rotary microtome (Leica RM, 2135, Leica Instruments, Nussloch, Germany) using steel disposable microtome blades. These obtained sections were stained with the hematoxylin-eosin staining method and viewed under an Olympus CX31 microscope with Olympus U - TV0, 5XC - 3 Tokyo Japan. Photos taken with a 4x objective were used for volume calculations. Total medulla oblongata volume, medulla volume, and cortex volume values were calculated separately from the obtained images using the Shtereom I program. The Cavalieri's principle was used when applying stereological methods for volume calculations. In the statistical evaluation between the sexes, no difference was found in the values obtained in the comparison between the total volume values, medulla volume values, and cortex volume values between both sexes. In addition, there was no difference between the sexes in terms of medulla/total volume ratio values. However, a value of 0.004 was obtained in terms of cortex/total volume ratio values. In this case, since p < 0.005, it is possible to talk about a statistically significant difference in male and female sheep in terms of this ratio value. Again, the medulla/cortex volume ratio value was calculated to be 0.041, and a significant difference was observed in terms of this value in the evaluation between sexes. The volume calculations obtained by stereological methods were evaluated with statistical programs and all the results were presented to the literature.
A Stereological Study on Calculation of Volume Values of the Cervical Spinal Segments in Ducks
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2018) Cakmak, Gamze; Karadag, Huseyin; Soyguder, Zafer; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Yildirim, Serkan; Keles, Hacs
In the present study, volume values of the cervical segments in the spinal cords of adult ducks weighing 3-4 kg were investigated. Volume values of the grey matter and white matter in the cervical segment of the spinal cord of the ducks were examined stereologically. Ten ducks (genus Anas) without regarding the sex of the animals. All animals were perfused using 10% formaldehyde. The animals were kept in 10% formaldehyde for 1 week to ensure fixation. The ducks were then dissected. The cervical segments were uncovered by removing the cervical vertebrae. Tissue samples were obtained from each of the cervical spinal segments, and 5-mu m-thick cross-sections were obtained from these samples. Sampling was performed at a ratio of 1/250 to obtain 12 cross-sections from each cervical segment of the animals. These sections were stained using the hematoxylin and eosin staining technique. Photos were taken under a microscope. Volume values of whole tissue, grey matter, and white matter were calculated for each cervical segment of the spinal cord of the ducks. Cavalieri's principle was employed for the calculation. As a result, the vertebral column was used as a guide to identify the cervical segments of the spinal cord. The cervical segments were also obtained by dissection without using a decalcification process. It was determined that the number of segments was 15. When mean volume values of the whole cervical segment of the spinal cord in the ducks were evaluated, the highest mean volume was determined as 4.224 mm(3) in segment C15. The cervical spinal segment with the lowest value of white matter was C7 (0.915 mm(3)). When the volume values of the grey matter of the cervical segments of the ducks were examined, it was determined that segments C14 and C15 had the highest values, calculated as 0.511 mm(3) and 0.513 mm(3), respectively. It was determined that segments C12, C13, C14, and C15 were involved in the cervical enlargement.
A Stereological Study on Lumbosacral Segments of Spinal Cord in the Geese
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Cakmak, Gamze; Soyguder, Zafer
In this study, we aimed to determine the number, volume, and lumbosacral enlargement of the lumbosacral segments using stereology methods. In accordance with the study, 10 adult geese (regardless of sex) which were healthy and weighing 3???4 kg was chosen. After the geese had been perfused with 10% formaldehyde, the lumbosacral parts of their spinal cord were revealed by dissection. After each segment of the lumbosacral section had been separated, tissue samples were obtained from these segments. By means of a microtome, sections of 5-??m thickness were taken from the tissue samples. Then, twelve sections were obtained from a lumbosacral segment of each animal at the ratio of 1/250 sampling. Afterwards, all sections of the lumbosacral segments were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and we took the photographs of preparations under a microscope. As a result, all tissues volume fractions and volume values of white and grey matter sections in each segment of the lumbosacral part of the goose were estimated. In addition, the number of lumbosacral segments and lumbosacral enlargement regions was also revealed.