Browsing by Author "Calayir, Oktay"

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Plant-Fungus Synergy Against Soil Salinity: The Cellular and Molecular Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
(Cell Press, 2025) Boyno, Gokhan; Danesh, Younes Rezaee; Cevik, Rojbin; Teniz, Necmettin; Demir, Semra; Calayir, Oktay; Mulet, Jose M.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in disease control by establishing symbiotic relation-ships with plant roots. AMF improve salinity tolerance in plants by regulating the Na+/K+ ratio through selec-tive ion transport and mediate osmotic regulation by inducing the accumulation of osmotic-compatible sol-utes such as glycine betaine and proline to enable plant cells to maintain water content and the metabolic balance. AMF can also activate antioxidant defense responses by stimulating enzymes that protect plant cells from harmful oxidation and pathological infections. Plant salinity tolerance induced by AMF depends on abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent signaling mechanisms, calcium-calmodulin-dependent pathways, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-modulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Therefore, future research should focus on optimizing the production and field efficacy of AMF-based inoculants, including their combined use with microbial biostimulants, to support the implementation of sustainable agri-cultural practices.
Preliminary Insights Into Sustainable Control of Solanum Lycopersicum Early Blight: Harnessing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Reducing Fungicide Dose
(Mdpi, 2024) Demir, Semra; Boyno, Goekhan; Rezaee Danesh, Younes; Teniz, Necmettin; Calayir, Oktay; Cevik, Rojbin; Calzarano, Francesco
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production is constantly threatened by several fungal pathogens, such as Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight disease. In this study, a greenhouse experiment was set up to evaluate the biocontrol ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) against A. solani in the presence of reduced doses of fungicides (i.e., captan and copper oxychloride). Disease severity, plant growth traits, chlorophyll and phosphorus content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were assessed. The effects of fungicide dose on AMF were investigated by root colonization, spore density, and mycorrhizal dependence evaluation. AMF-inoculated and fungicide-treated plants reduced disease severity compared to fungicide-treated and non-mycorrhizal plants, in most cases, regardless of the fungicide dose. AMF improved plant growth, especially when combined with copper oxychloride. However, plant fresh weight decreased in plants treated with the lowest dose of captan (25 g 100 L-1). Overall, AMF colonization decreased in plants with high fungicide doses, while the leaf color parameters did not show differences between treatments. The results suggest reducing the fungicide dose using AMF is possible, particularly for copper oxychloride. Further studies will be required to confirm these data. This integrated approach could offer a sustainable alternative to decrease the use of chemical control.