Browsing by Author "Calis, Hatice"

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Green Synthesis of 1-Methyl
(Health & Environment Assoc, 2021) Calis, Hatice; Koca, Halil; Kivrak, Arif
Indole and derivatives have emerged as central candidates for material chemistry since they show remarkable properties in solar cells. Many synthetic methods have been employed for the synthesis of indoles. Moreover, 3thiopehenylindoles could be play very critical roles for the synthesis of novel organic materials. In the present study, 1-methyl-2-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-indole is synthesized by using three different reaction ways including Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, Stille coupling reaction and MW assisted cyclization reaction. It was investigated that microwave assisted green reaction could be best ways for the formation of 1-methyl-2-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2yl)-1H-indole.
Indole-Based Novel Organic Anode Catalyst for Glucose Electrooxidation
(Wiley, 2022) Hamad, Ali Rasw; Calis, Hatice; Caglar, Aykut; Kivrak, Hilal; Kivrak, Arif
The development of organic-based metal-free catalysts is vital for the commercialization of fuel cells. At present, novel indole derivatives (2-((5-(5-[1-Methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl] thiophen-2-yl)furan-2-yl) methylene) malononitrile ITFM and 2-((5 '-(1-Methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-(2,2 '-bithiophen)-5-yl)methylene) malononitrile ITTM were designed, synthesized, and their electrochemical properties were investigated. First, one-pot two-step cyclization reactions were applied for the synthesis of intermediate 1-methyl-2-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-indole (5). Then, halogenation reaction and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions were used for the formation of intermediate 5-(5-[1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl] thiophen-2-yl) furan-2-carbaldehyde (8) and 5 '-(1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-[2,2 '-bithiophene]-5-carbaldehyde (12). Finally, ITFM and ITTM were isolated in 76% and 60% yields via condensation reactions. Then, glucose electrooxidation performance of these indole derivatives were examined by using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Chronoamperometry (CA), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.5 M glucose alkaline solution. ITTM exhibited the best glucose electrooxidation activity because the specific activity of ITFM was found as 0.46 mA/cm(2), and ITTM gave the 0.52 mA/cm(2). CA results revealed that the specific activity and stability of ITTM were greater than ITFM catalysts. EIS results were also in agreement with CV and CA results that the charge transfer resistance (R-ct) of ITFM was greater than ITTM displaying that ITTM improved charge-transfer kinetics. As a result, an indole derivative-based catalyst is a new generation of environmentally friendly and alternative catalyst for direct glucose fuel cells.
Synthesis of 3-Iodoindoles and Their Glucose Electrooxidation Performance as an Anode Catalyst
(Springer, 2023) Calis, Hatice; Ulas, Berdan; Yilmaz, Yonca; Kivrak, Hilal; Kavak, Emrah; Kivrak, Arif
Herein, indole derivatives namely 3-iodo- 1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole (4A), 3-iodo-1-methyl-2-(p-tolyl)-1H- indole (4B), and 2-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-iodo-1-methyl-1H-indole (4C) prepared by Sonogashira coupling and electrophilic cyclization reactions with yield of 70%, 68%, and 67%, respectively. Organic catalysts were characterized by using Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spektrofotometre (FT-IR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry (CA) were utilized to observe the electrocatalytic behavior of 4A, 4B, and 4C. Specific activity for glucose electrooxidation of 4A was determined as 3.26 mA/cm2. Compound 4A exhibits long-term stability toward glucose electrooxidation. As a metal-free catalyst, Compound 4A may be a good candidate as an electrocatalyst for glucose electrooxidation.