Browsing by Author "Cengiz, N."

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Acute Myotoxic Effects of by Infusion of Prilocaine and Lidocaine in Rats
(Medwell online, 2009) Ragbetli, M. C.; Yalama, M.; Erdogan, E.; Cengiz, N.; Kati, I.; Ragbetli, C.
We assumed to examine the acute myotoxic effects of infusion of the local anesthetic lidocaine and prilocaine on the gluteus maximus muscle after continuous peripheral nerve blockade in rats. Eight adult female Sprague-Dawley average weighing 150-200 g rats were used in this study. Firstly, all of the animals were anesthetized with ketamine (50 mg kg(-1)) for 6 h. Then, prilocaine (right) and lidocaine (left) were used in equal volume (5 mg mL(-1)) for continuous peripheral nerve blockades of the posterior extremity at a rate of 0.3 mL h(-1) for a total period of 6 h in 5 animals. The remaining 3 animals as control group were treated with physiological saline on both sides at 0.3 mL h(-1) for a total period of 6 h. For routine histological observation, the infusion area was dissected and tissue samples including peripheral muscle were taken. For routine histological observation, the infusion area was dissected and tissue samples including peripheral muscle were taken. Method histological hazards as myotoxicite were not observed in skeletal muscle tissue after the infusion of prilocaine and lidocaine. There were no complications cases of local anesthesia. Prilocaine and lidocaine as local anesthetics might be applied safely by infusion.
Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Activities of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L
(2008) Öner, A.C.; Mercan, U.; Öntürk, H.; Cengiz, N.; Erten, R.; Özbek, H.
The aim of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of Trigonella foenum graecum L. (TFG). Anti-inflammatory activity: Control group was administered saline solution and reference group was administered indomethacin. TFG groups were injected TFG:olive oil (1:4) in doses of 0.1 mL/kg (TFG-I), 0.5 mL/ kg (TFG-II) and 1.0 mL/kg (TFG-III). Before the injections and three hours after the injections the volume of right hind-paw of rats was measured using a plethysmometer. Hepatoprotective activity: The hepatotoxicity was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. Control group and CCl4 group received saline solution and 0.8 mL/kg CCl4:olive oil (1:1) respectively for seven days. TFG group and silibinin group (reference group) received TFG:olive oil (1:4) in doses of 0.1 mL/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively for seven days. Blood samples were collected on the 8th day and the liver was extracted after the animals were killed. TFG had an anti-inflammatory effect matching to that of control group at all doses. It was found that reduction in the inflammation was 93.20% with indomethacin, 31.70% with TFG-I, 43.47% with TFG-II and 44.95% with TFG-III. Median effective dose (ED50) value of TFG was found to be 0.0645 mL/kg. TFG significantly reduced the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels when compared to CCl4 group. The histopathological findings showed a significant difference between the TFG and CCl4 groups. The results showed that TFG had considerable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities.
Differential Analysis of Effect of High Glucose Level in the Development of Neuropathy in a Tissue Culture Model of Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Hyperosmolality
(Johann Ambrosius Barth verlag Medizinverlage Heidelberg Gmbh, 2008) Ozturk, C.; Erdogan, E.; Oesztuerk, M.; Cengiz, N.; Him, A.
To analyse the contributions of metabolic toxicity of high glucose level and accompanying hyperosmolality to the development of diabetic neuropathy, mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures were used. DRGs from postnatal day 7 mice were embedded in collagen gel and incubated in RPMI 1640 Culture medium with increasing concentrations of glucose or equimolar amounts of mannitol which would create similar osmolalities. Outgrowth of axons from the peripheral nerve attached to DRG and migration of cells into the gel were quantified. The extent of cell death, apoptosis and mitosis among the migrating cells and apoptosis among DRG neurons following exposure to high glucose or mannitol were also evaluated. The growth of axons was almost equally affected by increasing concentrations Of glucose or mannitol up to 395 mOsm/kg H2O. Number of migrating cells was close to control values with mannitol between 340-395 mOsm/kg H2O while high concentrations of glucose always decreased it. Exposure to high glucose or mannitol led to increased proportions of dead and apoptotic migrating cells and apoptotic DRG neurons. Mitotic activity was also negatively affected by high glucose or mannitol. While glucose proved significantly more detrimental to migrating cells than mannitol in the latter tests, the extent of apoptosis was similar among DRG neurons in both conditions. In conclusion, the contribution of hyperosmolality to the development of neuropathy in high glucose condition appears to be quite significant. The peripheral nerve cells and neurons, however, are differentially affected by hyperosmolality and metabolic toxicity of high glucose.
Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Cerebral Cortex: Structural Changes Resulting From Middle Cerebral Artery Ischemia Reperfusion
(Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle, 2007) Cengiz, N.; Colakoglu, N.; Kavakli, A.; Sahna, E.; Parlakpinar, H.; Acet, A.
Overproduction of free radicals is important in the pathogenesis of the cerebral damage induced by ischemia reperfusion. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an active component of propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant properties. The study was carried out in 16 male Wistar albino rats, divided into two groups: ischemia reperfusion and ischemia reperfusion with caffeic acid phenethyl ester. The middle cerebral artery was occluded for 60 min with an intraluminal suture, followed by 24-h reperfusion. In this study, widespread infarcted areas, red neurons (eosinophilic degeneration), pyknotic cells, vacuolization and neuroglial cell infiltration were observed in the cerebral cortex in the ischemia reperfusion group. In the caffeic acid phenethyl ester group, slightly infarcted areas were observed and neuroglial cell infiltration was not determined. Congestion of choroid plexus and pia mater was found more severe in the ischemia reperfusion group than in the caffeic acid phenethyl ester group. In the caffeic acid group, neuroglial cell activation was rare. Vacuolization, an indication of brain edema, was prevented by caffeic acid phenethyl ester. In the present study, we showed that pre-treatment with a single i.p. injection of caffeic acid phenethyl ester at 50 μM/kg dose reduced the structural changes. ©2007 Dustri-Verlag Dr. K. Feistle.
The Effects of Diethylether Extract of Helichrysum Plicatum Dc. Subsp Plicatum and Tanacetum Balsamita L. Subsp Balsamitoides (Sch Bip.) Grierson (Asteraceae) on the Acute Liver Toxicity in Rats
(Academic Journals inc, 2010) Tutuncu, M.; Ozbek, H.; Karaca, M.; Akkan, H. A.; Bayram, I.; Cengiz, N.; Him, A.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the diethylether extract of Helichrysum plicatum DC. subsp. plicatum (HP) and Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp. balsamitoides (Sch. Bip.) Grierson (Asteraceae) (TB) in carbontetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute liver toxicity in rats. Acute liver toxicity was induced by injecting CCl(4) (0.8 mL kg(-1)) intraperitoneally for 7 days. The control group received isotonic saline only. The reference group received 50 mg kg(-1) silibinin. TB and HP extract was injected in doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1). Body weights were measured daily during the experiment. On the 8th day of the experiments blood and liver samples were collected. Serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in serum samples. Tissue samples were evaluated histopathologically. Some of the rats in TB and HP groups died during the experiments. Serum ALT levels were higher in the TB and HP groups than those in the CCl(4) group. Histopathological findings were similar in the CCl(4), TB and HP groups. The body weight loss was more in the TB and HP groups compared to that of the CCl(4) group. It is concluded that the diethylether extract of Helichrysum plicatum DC. subsp. plicatum and Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp. balsamitoides (Sch. Bip.) Grierson (Asteraceae) did not have a protective effect in carbontetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute liver toxicity in rats and even exacerbated the toxicity.
Effects of Pinealectomy and Exogenous Melatonin on the Brains, Testes, Duodena and Stomachs of Rats
(verduci Publisher, 2012) Tasdemir, S.; Samdanci, E.; Parlakpinar, H.; Polat, A.; Tasdemir, C.; Cengiz, N.; Acet, A.
BACKGROUND, It is generally agreed that physiological levels of melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, are important in protecting against oxidative stress-induced tissue damage. AIM, We investigated the effects that pinealectomy and the administration of exogenous melatonin have on the brains, testes, duodena and stomachs of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS, Pinealectomized (Px) and sham-operated (non-Px) rats were used. We evaluated structural changes, and catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The rats were divided into the following five groups (eight rats in each group): sham (non-Px), Px+ vehicle, Px+ melatonin (10 mg/kg given daily intraperitoneally for a week), melatonin and ethyl alcohol. RESULTS, The antioxidant levels in the tissue of Px rats were significantly lower than in those of the sham group. Administering melatonin significantly increased antioxidant levels (p < 0.05). The Px rats also showed a significant increase in MDA levels when compared to the sham group, and administering melatonin to the Px rats significantly reduced their MDA levels (p < 0.05). The severity of caspase-3 staining was lower in the Px+ melatonin group than in the Px+ vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS, These findings suggest that significantly more oxidative and structural changes occur in rats' brains, spinal cords and testes after pinealectomy, but that this can be diminished by melatonin treatment. However, Px does not have important effects on the duodenum and stomach.
Investigation of Acute Liver Toxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Artemisia Austriaca J. Jacq
(2008) Mercan, U.; Öner, A.C.; Öntürk, H.; Cengiz, N.; Erten, R.; Özgökç, F.; Özbek, H.
The aim of this study was to investigate hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia austriaca J. Jacq. essential oil (AA). Artemisia groups were injected AA in doses of 0.05 mL/kg (AA-I), 0.1 mL/kg (AA-II) and 0.2 mL/kg (AA-III) in both inflammatory and hepatotoxicity experiments. The hepatotoxicity was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. Artemisia did not have an anti-inflammatory effect matching to that of control group at any doses. It was found that reduction in inflammation was 96.62% with indomethacin, 5.71% with AA-I, 10.54% with AA-II and 31.37% with AA-III. AA-I significantly reduced the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels when compared to the CCl4 group. The histopathological findings showed a significant difference between the AA-I and CCl4 groups. The results showed that Artemisia austriaca J. Jacq. had considerable hepatoprotective activity while it did not show an anti-inflammatory activity.
Melatonin: a Suitable Agent for Depression Associated With Stroke
(American Psychiatric Association, 2008) Cam, E.; Yulug, B.; Cengiz, N.; Poelkin, E.; Isýk, D.; Bakar, M.; Kilic, E.
Two Distinct Types of Dying Back Axonal Degeneration in Vitro
(Wiley, 2013) Ozturk, G.; Cengiz, N.; Erdogan, E.; Him, A.; Oguz, E. K.; Yenidunya, E.; Aysit, N.
G. ozturk, N. Cengiz, E. Erdoan, A. Him, E. K. Ouz, E. Yenidunya and N. Ayit (2013) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology39, 362376 Two distinct types of dying back axonal degeneration in vitro Aims: In many neurodegenerative diseases and following traumas, dying back degeneration is a common phenomenon that aggravates the pathology and may eventually lead to death of the affected neurone. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of dying back degeneration with an in vitro axonal injury model. Methods: We cultured adult mouse dorsal root ganglion neurones and with a precise laser beam, cut the axons they extended. Preparations were imaged continuously and images were analysed to describe and quantify ensuing events. Potential contributions of calpains and caspases to the degeneration were explored using specific inhibitors and immunohistochemistry. In vivo implications of the results were sought in nerve sections after sciatic nerve cut. Results: The proximal part of the transected axons went under basically two types of dying back degeneration, fragmentation and retraction. In fragmentation the cytoplasm became condensed and with concomitant axial collapse the axon disintegrated into small pieces. In retraction, the severed axon was pulled back to the soma in an organized manner. We demonstrated that fragmentation was associated with a high risk of cell death, while survival rate with retraction was as high as those of uninjured neurones. Regeneration of transected axon was more likely after retraction than following fragmentation. Activities of caspase-3 and calpains but not of caspase-6 were found linked with retraction and regeneration but not with the fragmentation. Conclusions: This study describes two quite distinct types of dying back degeneration that lead an injured neurone to quite different fates.