Browsing by Author "Demirel, Ahmet Fatih"

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Associations Between Polymorphisms of the Csn1s1, Csn1s2, Csn2 and Csn3 Genes and Milk Composition Traits in Holstein Cattle
(Wiley, 2025) Demirel, Ahmet Fatih; Cak, Bahattin
Background Caseins are the major proteins found in cow's milk. There are four known casein fractions: alpha S1-casein, alpha S2-casein, beta-casein and kappa-casein, encoded by the CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 genes located on the sixth chromosome of cattle. These genes are considered candidate genes in marker-assisted selection. Therefore, it is essential to determine the relationship between these genes and quantitative characters. Objectives This study aimed to identify genotypes of CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 genes and investigate their effect on milk components with the PCR-RFLP method in Holstein cattle. Methods The material of the study consisted of 519 Holstein cows that managed under intensive systems in Konya (n:189), Manisa (n:195) and Diyarbak & imath;r (n:135) provinces in T & uuml;rkiye. Blood and milk samples from these cows were used in the study. The genetic structures of bovine CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 genes were examined by PCR-RFLP in three Holstein cattle populations. A general linear model (GLM) was applied to analyse the effect of genotypic variants on phenotypic characters. Results Results indicated that milk solids-non-fat (SNF) (p < 0.01), protein (p < 0.05) and lactose (p < 0.01) percentages were significantly affected by the genetic variants of the CSN2 gene of cow in general population. CSN2 A2A2 genotype led to a significant increase in SNF, protein and lactose percentages by 0.14, 0.05 and 0.08 in comparison to other genotypes, respectively. Moreover, significant effect of the CSN1S1 BC (p < 0.05) and CSN3 AA (p < 0.01) genotypes on fat percentage were found in Konya province. Furthermore, a statistically significant genotype-by-environment interaction was identified in both the CSN1S1 (p < 0.05) and CSN3 (p < 0.01) genes in relation to milk fat content. Conclusions As a result, after increasing the number of studies that investigated the relationship between casein genes and milk traits and determined the genetic variation of CSN1S1, CSN2 and CSN3 genes of the Holstein cattle, these genes can be a strong genetic marker as marker-assisted selection programme in early selection.
Investigation of Interleukins and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Cows Naturally Infected With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
(Univ Agriculture, Fac veterinary Science, 2024) Oguz, Fatma Ertas; Babaoglu, Ali Riza; Turkan, Fikret; Oguz, Ercan; Demirel, Ahmet Fatih; Pacal, Nurettin
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) can evade the immune system by modulating cytokines production, therefore enabling the virus to establish persistent infections or exacerbate the severity of disease in infected cattle. The objective of this research was to investigate interleukins and oxidative stress parameters in cows naturally infected with BVDV. The study comprised of two groups: a naturally infected group of 15 cattle with clinical signs of BVDV infection or a history of abortion and confirmed positive for pestivirus by RT-PCR, and a control group of 15 cattle with no abortion anamnesis or clinical symptoms, confirmed negative by RT-PCR. Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-20, IL-10) and pro-inflammatory ones (IL-1, IL-1(3, IL-6) values were measured in all samples using ELISA method. Additionally, the oxidative stress marker malonaldehyde (MDA) was measured in all samples using the HPLC method. MDA levels were significantly higher in the infected samples compared with the controls. While cytokine levels were elevated in the infected group, however, the differences were not statistically significant. This study found a positive relationship among anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as a negative relationship among IL-1(3 and IL-1. It was concluded that oxidative stress occurs in BVDV-infected cattle, and the interleukins measured appear to remain in equilibrium by inhibiting each other. Notably, IL-20 was measured for the first time in BVDVinfected cattle, making it an important finding. Altogether, it may be concluded on the basis of these results that cytokines are important in the evaluation of the disease process.
Investigation of Some Chemical and Physical Properties of Milk of Akkaraman and Morkaraman Sheep Raised by Farmer in Erciş District of Van Province, Institute of Health Sciences
(2023) Tulmaç, Fatih; Demirel, Ahmet Fatih
. Bu çalışma, Van İli Erciş ilçesinde halk elinde yetiştirilen Akkaraman ve Morkaraman koyunlarına ait sütlerin kimyasal ve fiziksel özelliklerinin araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın materyalini iki farklı özel koyunculuk işletmesinde yetiştirilen 2-6 yaşlar arasında 50 baş Akkaraman ve 50 baş Morkaraman koyunu oluşturmuştur. Koyunlardan laktasyonun 1., 2., 3., ve 4. aylarında süt numuneleri alınmıştır. Alınan süt numunelerinin süt analiz cihazı ile yağsız kuru madde oranı, yağ oranı, protein oranı, laktoz oranı, özgül ağırlık, donma noktası, elektrik iletkenliği ve pH değerleri belirlenmiştir. Akkaraman ve Morkaraman koyunlarının süt bileşenlerinin karşılaştırılmasında bağımsız örneklem t testti kullanılmıştır. Süt bileşenlerinin birbiri arasındaki ilişki pearson korelasyon analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, Akkaraman ve Morkaraman koyunlarının yağsız kuru madde oranı, süt yağ oranı, süt protein oranı, laktoz oranı, özgül ağırlık, donma noktası, elektrik iletkenliği ve pH değerleri genel olarak sırasıyla; %11.70 ve %11.78, %8.32 ve %8.52, %4.29 ve %4.32, %6.43 ve %6.47, 1.036 ve 1.036 g/cm3, -0.862 ve -0.872 °C, 4.92 ve 4.86 mS/cm, 6.49 ve 6.47 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yağsız kuru madde oranı, süt yağ oranı, süt protein oranı, laktoz oranı, özgül ağırlık, donma noktası, elektrik iletkenliği ve pH değerleri bakımından Akkaraman ve Morkaraman koyunları arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Van ili Erciş ilçesinde halk elinde yetiştirilen Akkaraman ve Morkaraman koyun sütlerinin süt yağı, yağsız kuru madde, süt proteini ve laktoz oranları ile özgül ağırlıkları, donma noktaları, elektrik iletkenlikleri ve pH değerlerinin benzer olduğu ancak Akkaraman ve Morkaraman koyun sütlerine ait yağ oranlarının literatür bulgulardan daha yüksek olduğu, dolaysıyla Akkaraman ve Morkaraman koyun sütlerinin içerdikleri yüksek yağ oranları bakımından nitelikli süt oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır.
Investigation of the Effect of Alpha-Casein, Beta-Casein and Kappa-Casein Gene Polymorphism on Milk Production and Milk Component in Holstein Cattle With Pcr-Rflp Method
(2019) Demirel, Ahmet Fatih; Çak, Bahattin
Bu çalışmada, üç farklı bölgede yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca sığırlarda α-kazein (αS1 ve αS2-kazein), β-kazein ve κ-kazein gen polimorfizminin süt verimi ve süt bileşenlerine etkisinin polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu-restriksiyon parçacık uzunluk polimorfizmi (PCR-RFLP) yöntemiyle araştırılması ve genotip-çevre interaksiyonunun ortaya konulması amaçlandı. Çalışmanın materyalini Konya, Manisa ve Diyarbakır illerinde entansif koşullarda yetiştirilen 519 baş Siyah Alaca ineğin süt ve kan örnekleri oluşturdu. Genomik DNA 519 kan numunesinden izole edildi. DNA'dan CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 ve CSN3 genlerinin polimorfik bölgesi PCR ile çoğaltıldı. CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 ve CSN3 genlerinin PCR ürünleri, sırasıyla MaeIII, MnlI, DdeI ve HinfI restriksiyon enzimiyle kesildi. Elektroforezde yürütülerek genotipler tespit edildi. Ultra-sound teknoloji temelli süt analiz cihazı kullanılarak sütün yağsız kuru madde oranı, süt yağ oranı, protein oranı ve laktoz oranı belirlendi. Hardy-Weinberg Dengesine (HWE) uyumluluk ve ki-kare (χ2) değerleri Gene-Calc online bilgisayar programı kullanılarak hesaplandı. SPSS paket programında bazı çevresel faktörler dikkate alınarak, genotipik özellikler ile fenotipik özellikler arasındaki ilişkiler genel doğrusal model (GLM Prosedürü) kullanılarak analizi yapıldı. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, genel popülasyonda ortalama laktasyon süresi, laktasyon süt verimi ve 305 günlük süt verimi sırasıyla 347.22 gün, 9039.09 ve 8389.98 kg'dır. Ayrıca, yağsız kuru madde, yağ, protein ve laktoz oranları ise sırasıyla, %8.76, %3.54, %3.21 ve %4.81 olarak tespit edildi. Çalışmada CSN2 geni polimorfizmi laktasyon süresi, yağsız kuru madde oranı, süt protein oranı ve laktoz oranı ile önemli derecede ilişkiliydi. Ayrıca Diyarbakır ilinde, 305 günlük süt verimi ile CSN2 geni polimorfizmi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edildi. CSN1S1 ve CSN3 geni polimorfizminin süt yağ oranı ile ilişkili olduğu bulundu. CSN1S2 geninin monomorfik olmasından dolayı süt verim özellikleri arasında bir ilişki kurulamadı. Sonuç olarak; Türkiye'de yoğun bir şekilde yetiştiriciliği yapılan Siyah Alaca ırkının kazein genlerinin genetik varyasyonunu belirleyen ve verimle ilişkilendiren çalışmaların sayısının arttırılması ile CSN1S1, CSN2 ve CSN3 genleri marker destekli seleksiyon kriteri olarak erken seleksiyon çalışmalarında güçlü bir genetik belirteç olarak kullanılabilir. CSN1S2 geninin daha geniş popülasyonlarda çalışılması ve bu gene ait diğer bölgelerin de taranarak, bu bölgelere ait genotiplerin verim ile ilişkisinin ortaya konulması faydalı olacaktır. Böylece CSN1S2 geninin seleksiyon çalışmalarında genetik belirteç olarak yer alıp almayacağı da tespit edilebilecektir.
Performance of Kivircik Sheep Under Three Lambing Systems in Two Years
(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2021) Arslan, Mikail; Yilmaz, Orhan; Cak, Bahattin; Demirel, Ahmet Fatih
This study was carried out to investigate reproductive traits of Kivircik ewes under three lambing systems in two years and their lambs' survival and growth performances. A total of 200 Kivircik ewes and 15 Kivircik rams were used. Ewes were subjected to a system of lambing every 8 months. Ewes were mated in August (summer), April (spring) and December (winter), respectively. Ewes were synchronized using FIS (intravaginal flourogestone sponges) for 14 days. Additionally, 600 IU eCG (equine chorionic gonadotropin) was administered intramuscularly at sponges withdrawal. Rams remained with the ewes for 3-day from the start of estrus. Estrus rate, lambing rate and litter size were 96.00, 87.50% and 1.70 lamb/doe; 92.35, 85.20 and 1.50 lamb/doe; 78.92, 58.38 and 1.43 lamb/doe for summer, spring and winter seasons, respectively. Survival rates at weaning, birth and weaning weights of lambs were 86.44%, 3.11kg and 17.85kg; 72.80%, 3.24kg and 16.38kg; 66.88%, 3.38kg and 18.97kg for summer, spring and winter, respectively. The effect of mating season on estrus rate was not significant (P>0.05). The effect of mating season on lambing rate and litter size was significant (P<0.01). The effects of mating season and birth type on survival rate at weaning were significant (P<0.05). Effect of mating season on body weights at birth and weaning was significant (P<0.01). The findings of the current study that the reproductivity of Kivircik ewes (in three lambing in two years) synchronized with combination of eCG and FIS tended to improve. Lambing rate and litter size were the highest in the first mating season and the lowest in the third mating season. Lambing rate in the second mating season was similar to that in the first mating season. Survival of lambs at weaning was the highest in the first lambing season and the lowest in the third lambing season. Weaning weight was the highest in the third lambing season and the lowest in the second lambing season. These results also indicate that three lambing system in two years could be utilized in Kivircik sheep.
A Retrospective Examination of Reproduction and Survival Rates of Van Cats
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2017) Cak, Bahattin; Uslu, Baris Atalay; Demirel, Ahmet Fatih; Gulyuz, Fetih; Yilmaz, Orhan; Kosal, Volkan
Van cats are animals that often become the centre of attention due to their white hair, colourful eyes, and affectionate attitudes. However, it is nearly impossible to find research studies on the reproductive behaviours of Van cats. We conducted this study with the purpose of revealing the breeding efficiency properties and survival rates of Van cats. The study materials consisted of Van cats in the Van Cat Home of Yuzuncu Yil University's Van Cats Research Center. We determined the breeding efficiency properties using records obtained from 56 female cats over the course of four years. As a result of the study, we determined that the durations of oestrus, pregnancy, and lactation in Van cats were, respectively, 2.41 +/- 0.09, 63.75 +/- 0.27, and 98.45 +/- 1.18 days. We also determined the average number of kittens per delivery and the mating per pregnancy as, respectively, 3.30 +/- 0.19 and 13.71 +/- 0.74. In this study, we recorded the presence of 56 delivering cats, with a total of 185 kittens, 22 of which were dead (11.89%), and an 88.11% survival rate (%). The most common delivery type was twin deliveries (30%), and the highest rate of stillbirths was 4.86% in quadruplet deliveries.