Browsing by Author "Demirel, M"

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Effect of Addition of Urea or Urea Plus Molasses To Different Corn Silages Harvested at Dough Stage on Silage Quality and Digestible Dry Matter Yield
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2003) Demirel, M; Yilmaz, L; Deniz, S; Kaplan, O; Akdeniz, H
To study the effects of 0.5% urea and 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses addition to different corn silages on its quality, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and digestible dry matter (DDM) yields, four corn cultivars, Arifiye, Frassino, Rx-947 and 3394 harvested at dough stage, were ensiled in cite litre silos for 90 days. Supplement, cultivars interactions were significant for most of the parameters studied, pH of all the silages was within desirable range. Among organic acids, lactic acid was highest in Rx-947, supplementation making no difference. IVDMD was highest in silages Rx-947 and 3394 supplemented either with urea or urea plus molasses. The highest DDM yields were in silages of supplemented or unsupplemented Arifiye and 3394 cultivars followed by Frassino. Thus these three cultivars with or without supplementation are recommended for silage making.
The Effect of Different Levels of Feeding in Late Gestation on Ewe Weight, Lamb Birth Weight and Lamb Growth of Karakas and Hamdani Ewes
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2000) Demirel, M; Aygün, T; Altin, T; Bingöl, M
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different feeding levels on ewe weight gain, deviation in weight gain, lamb birth weight and lamb growth performance of Karakas and Hamdani breeds. The ewes were devided into 4 groups; the first, second, third and fourth groups had 80, 100, 115 and 130 % of the NRC recommendation for 60 kg late gestation, respectively, The mean deviation of ewe live weight in late gestation and in postpartum were 0.39 and -5.80 kg, 9.09 and 2.97 kg, 11.95 and 5.26 kg, 14.29 and 7.53 kg for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The first group had significantly lower (P<0.01) deviation than other groups. Ewe live weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) increased by increasing the other groups. Ewe live weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) increased by increasing the nutrient percentage. Ewe age and genotype did not affect deviations in late gestation live weight or postpartum live weight. The mean lamb birth weights were 3.97, 4.15, 4.02 and 4.56 kg for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively The 4th group had significantly higher (P<0.01) birth weight than the other groups. The mean lamb weightson day 28 were 8.44, 9.55, 9.39 and 9.31 kg for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. While the first group of lambs exhibited significantly lower live weights on day 28, the live weights of lambs on weaning were 21.90, 22.20, 20.88 and 20.16 kg for groups 1,2, 3 and 4 respectively. While the effect of genotype on lamb birth weight was significant (P<0.01), it had no significant on the other characteristics. Birth type had a significant (P<0.01) effect on lamb weight gain in different periods, but the effect of sex was not significant.
The Effect of Follicle Diameter on Estrous and Ovulation Time During Pgf2α Injection in Mares
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 1998) Semacan, A; Demirel, M; Tasal, I
Variations in estrous and ovulation times occur because of follicle diameter during PGF2 alpha injection, in mares. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of follicle diameter on estrous and ovulation. Therefore 43 estrous cycles were evaluated in 32 Thoroughbred mares. Ten mg PGF2 alpha (Dinoprost Tromethamine, Dinolytic) was injected intramuscularly in diestrous period for synchronization. Follicle diameters were measured and divided into groups in centimeters as follows less than or equal to 1 cm, 1-2 cm, 2-3 cm, 3-4 cm ve > 4 cm, during PGF2 alpha injection. Result of daily teasing and rectal palpation every other day and daily rectal palpation during estrous period revealed that post injection-estrous. estrous period, post injection-ovulation. and estrous-ovulation times were in group less than or equal to 1 cm 5.91+/-2.71, 7.25+/-1.43. 11.75+/-2.23 and 6.16+/-1.95 days, in group 1-2 cm 4.81+/-2.84, 6.56+/-1.94, 10.68+/-2.95 and 5.87+/-2.85 days, in group 2-3 cm 3.90+/-1.44, 5.10+/-1.57, 8.00+/-1.78 ad 4.20+/-1.53 days and in group 3-4 cm 3.00+/-1.41, 4.60+/-1.35. 6.20+/-2.31 and 3.60+/-1.01 days, respectively. There was no follicle > 4 cm during PGF2 alpha injection. As a result, reduced estrous and ovulation times occured because of enlarged follicle diameters during PGE2 alpha injection. Therefore it was concluded that evaluation of ovaries for follicle structurs before PGF2 alpha injection would be beneficial.
The Effect of Urea and Molasses Addition Into Corn Harvested at the Milk Stage on Silage Quality and Digestible Nutrient Yield
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2003) Nursoy, H; Deniz, S; Demirel, M; Denek, N
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of urea or urea plus molasses addition into corn harvested at the milk stage on the silage quality and in vitro digestibility of silage. To achieve this objective, four different corn varieties (Rx-947, 33-94, Frassino and Arifiye) harvested at the milk stage were utilized. Silage samples were added 0.5% urea or 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses and ensiled in mini-silos (I L in volume). Silage samples were analyzed for chemical composition, pH and organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acids). In vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and digestible DM yields of silages (kg/da) were also determined. Urea addition increased silage crude protein (CP) in addition to silage pH. Urea or urea plus molasses addition generally decreased silage lactic acid content, but these decreases were only significant in the Rx-947 and Frassino varieties. While silage acetic acid contents were not affected by urea and molasses addition, butyric acid concentration increased in the Frassino variety with urea addition, and decreased in the Arifiye variety with urea and urea + molasses and the 33-94 variety with urea + molasses addition. Urea plus molasses addition increased silage DM digestibility in the Frassino variety, but this effect was not significant for other varieties. Digestible DM yield's were not affected by additives (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 0.5% urea or 0.5% urea Plus 4% molasses into corn harvested at the milk stage improved the chemical composition of silages, but had no positive effect on silage quality.
The Effects of Adding Urea or Urea Plus Molasses in Some Sorghum Varieties Harvested at Dough Stage on Silage Quality and Digestible Dry Matter Yield
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2004) Demirel, M; Deniz, S; Yilmaz, I; Nursoy, H
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of 0.5% urea or 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses into some sorghum varieties (Gozde, P-988, Grazer and Grass-II) harvested at the dough stage on silage quality, in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and digestible DM yields. Triplicate silage samples from each variety and treatment group, a total of 36 silage samples, were prepared in 1 l mino-silos and incubated for 90 days. Silage DM and crude protein (CP) levels ranged from 29.56 to 33.46%, and from 7.16 to 12.63%, respectively. Addition of urea or urea + molasses increased CP. and urea + molasses increased DM but decreased the NDF content of all silages (P < 0,05). Silage pHs were between 4.08 and 4.71, and the addition of urea and urea + molasses increased silage pH (P < 0,05). Lactic, acetic and butyric acid concentrations of silages, on DM bases, ranged from 3.50 to 8.01%; from 0.58 to 1.44% and from 0.01 to 0.14%, respectively. The addition of urea and urea + molasses increased the lactic acid and decreased the propionic acid concentration of silages (P < 0,05), although butyric acid concentrations were not affected. Urea supplementation did not affect acetic acid concentrations, and urea + molasses increased the acetic acid concentration of silages. In vitro DM digestibilities of Gozde, P-988, Grazer and Grass-II varieties were 52.85, 54.20, 54.96 and 54.39%, respectively. The addition of urea + molasses to Gozde increased in vitro DM digestibilities, but urea and urea + molasses addition decreased in vitro DM digestibilities in other varieties (P < 0,05). The P-988 variety had the highest digestible DM yield (804.38 kg/decare)(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the P-988 sorghum variety seemed to be the best suited Van ecological conditions based on silage fermentation quality and digestible DM yield.
Estrous, Ovulation and Pregnancy Rates Following Pgf2α Injections in Mares
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 1998) Demirel, M; Semacan, A; Tasal, I
Prostaglandin F2 alpha was commonly used for synchronisation in mares. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of single and double doses of PGF2 alpha on estrous, ovulation and pregnancy rates. Therefore 43 Thoroughbred mares, between 4-17 years old, were used. Thirty mares 10 mg PGF2 alpha (Dinoprost Tromethamine, Dinolytic) was injected intramuscularly, regardless of the stage of the estrous cycle, for synchronization. Estrous behaviors and follicular development were examined with daily teasing and rectal palpation every other day, after PGF2 alpha injection and ovulation times determined daily rectal palpation during estrous. The mares which in estrous (n: 11) natural service or artificial insemination with fresh semen were done every other day until estrous behavior lasted. The mares (n: 19), were not estrous after first PGF2 alpha injection, were injected second PCF2 alpha 14 days later and repeated all applications after first PGF2 alpha injections. Control group (n: 13) were chosen from the mares which were not injected PGF2 alpha in estrous and natural service or artificial insemination with fresh semen were done every other day until estrous behavior lasted. For pregnancy diagnosis, rectal palpation were done all mares between 30-35th and 60th days after ovulation. Estrous, ovulation and pregnancy rates obtained from first or second PCF2a injected mares and control group were 36.66%, 33.33% and 45.45%; 68.42%, 78.94% and 46.66; 100%, 92.30% and 53.84%, respectively. Consequently, because of no detrimental effect of PGF2 alpha injections on estrous, ovulation and pregnancy rates, it was concluded that PGF2 alpha injections for synchronization but, estrous and ovulation rates low in single dose injection therefore double doses injections would be more beneficial.
The Possibilities of Using Sugar Beet Pulp Silage Produced by Different Methods in Lamb and Dairy Cow Rations - 1 - Obtaining High Quality Sugar Beet Pulp Silage
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2001) Deniz, S; Demirel, M; Tuncer, SD; Kaplan, O; Aksu, T
In this study, how to obtain high quality sugar beet pulp silage was investigated. Sugar beet pulp was mixed with wheat straw or grass hay in order to increase the level of dry matter to 20, 25 and 30%, and 5% molasses and different levels of urea were added (0, 1, 1.5 and 2% for wheat straw containing groups; 0, 0.5 and 1% for grass hay containing groups). The mixed materials were stored in containers of one kg for two months. At the end of the incubation period, the containers were opened and the silages were evaluated by measuring the fermentation characteristics. The crude protein content of the silages increased due to the added urea level. The pH and the amounts of lactic, acetic and butyric acids were found to be between 3.72 and 4.40, 31.17 and 71.51 g dry matter kg(-1), 12.61 and 35.35 g dry matter kg(-1). and 0.06 and 2.56 g dry matter kg(-1). respectively (P<0.05). Finally, it is possible to obtain high quality sugar beet pulp silage by increasing its dry matter content (20-30%) with wheat straw or grass hay and adding sugar beet molasses (5%). Urea supplementation also increases the nitrogen content of silage.
A Study on Silage Quality and Rumen Degradability of Mixed Silages Containing Different Levels of Sudangrass and Hungarian Vetch
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2003) Demirel, M; Cengiz, F; Erdogan, S; Çelik, S
This study was conducted to determine the silage quality and degradability of some nutrient matter of pure sudangrass silage (S) and mixed silages made up from 75% sudangrass + 25% hungarian vetch (75S25HV) and 50% sudangrass + 50% hungarian vetch (50S50HV) in the rumen by the nylon bag technique at 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. The three different silage mixtures were put into jars and incubated for 70 days. Four rumen fistulated Akkaraman male lambs were used to determine the degradability of silages in the rumen. Satisfactory silages were obtained in terms of physical properties. While there was statistically significant difference among silages in terms of pH levels P < 0.01, but lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric acid levels of silages were found to be significant at (P < 0.05). The lowest pH, acetic. propionic and butyric acid levels were 5.15, 6.87 g/kg DM, 2.18 g/kg DM and 1.10 g/kg DM, respectively, and the highest lactic acid level was 9.48 g/kg DM obtained from S silage. Although differences among silage groups for dry matter and crude cellulose degradabilities in the rumen at 48 h were not significant, the differences between the crude protein degradability of S and 50S50HV silages were statistically significant (P < 0.01). In general, adding hungarian vetch to sudangrass increased the degradability of dry matter and the crude protein of the silages in the rumen (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in terms of silage quality and the degradability of some nutrients, hungarian vetch can be added up to 25% and 50% on a dry matter basis to sudangrass for ensiling.