Browsing by Author "Gülhan, T."
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Article Comparison of the Dot-Immunobinding Assay With the Serum Agglutination Test, the Rose Bengal Plate Test and the Milk Ring Test for the Detection of Brucella Antibodies in Bovine Sera and Milk(Blackwell Verlag GmbH Berlin, 1999) Gürtürk, K.; Boynukara, B.; Ilhan, Z.; Hakki Ekin, I.; Gülhan, T.In this study, Brucella antibodies in bovine sera and milk were detected using the dot-immunobinding assay (DIA), the serum agglutination test (SAT), the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and the milk ring test (MRT). For this purpose, a total of 116 paired blood and milk samples collected at the same time from 56 aborted and from 60 healthy dairy cows was examined. In DIA, a nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) was used as the solid phase. Antigen adsorbed on the NCM was extracted from Brucella abortus S99 by heat treatment. The results obtained by DIA were compared with those of SAT, RBPT and MRT. Of the 116 paired blood and milk samples, 24 were positive and 72 were negative by all tests used. Serum samples of six aborted cows were positive by DIA, SAT and RBPT but the milk samples were negative by DIA and MRT. Serum and milk samples of four aborted cows gave positive reaction only by DIA tests. The remaining six aborted cows were negative only by MRT and two of them were negative by both RBPT and MRT. Four sera of healthy cows were found to be positive only by SAT. © 1999 Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag.Article Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis for Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus Species With Chicken and Gull Origin(Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers, 2016) Akgül, Ö.; Gülhan, T.; Güdücüoğlu, H.In this study, faecal samples of backyard chickens in the city of Van and its districts and gulls in contact with humans in Van Lake basin have been obtained and examined for Enterecoccus species. For this purpose, 1000 faecal samples have been obtained as 500 from chickens and 500 from gulls. In the study, Entrerecoccus has been isolated and identified from a total of 311 (31.1%) faecal samples as 192 (38.4%) from chickens and 119 (23.8%) from gulls. 41 (21.3%) of chicken-origin isolates have been identified as Enterococcus faecalis, 110 (57.3%) as E. faecium, 9 (4.7%) as E. casseliflavus/gallinarum, 27 (14.1%) as E. hirae, 5 (2.6%) E. durans while 78 (65.5%) of gull-origin isolates have been identified as E. faecalis, 21 (17.6%) as E. faecium, 10 (8.4%) as E. hirae, 7 (5.9%) as E. casseliflavus/gallinarum, 2 (1.7%) as E. raffinosus and 1 (0.8%) as E. durans. Phenotypically antibiotic susceptibility testing (disc diffusion method) was performed for analysis. Genotypically 16S rRNA, 16S and 23S intergenic transcribed spacer region, esp, vanA, vanB and vanC (C-1, C-2, C-3) was analyzed genes. When antibiotic resistance of whole isolates have been taken into consideration; the highest level of resistance was determined to cefadroxil (99.5%) while the lowest resistance was determined to imipenem (0.8%). While 9 (2.9%) of the isolates have been determined as resistant to vancomycin; genotypically vancomycin resistance gene (van) has been determined 20 (6.4%) of the isolates. 6 of E. faecalis (1 chicken, 5 gull origin) and 3 of E. faecium (gull origin) isolates have been determined as carrying vanA, 6 E. casseliflavus/gallinarum as carrying vanC1 (2 chicken, 4 gull origin) and 5 E. casseliflavus/gallinarium (chicken origin) as carrying vanC2/3 gene. In gull isolates, while vanC2/3 gene was not determined in gull isolates; all chicken and gull origin isolates have been found negative for vanB gene. As a result, for the first time in our region, this research has revealed the presence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species. © 2016, Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers. All rights reserved.