Browsing by Author "Gunes, Hasret"

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Biological Control of Three Fungal Diseases in Strawberry (Fragaria X Ananassa) With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
(Mdpi, 2023) Demir, Semra; Durak, Emre Demirer; Gunes, Hasret; Boyno, Gokhan; Mulet, Jose M.; Danesh, Younes Rezaee; Porcel, Rosa
Similar to many other plant-based products, strawberries are susceptible to fungal diseases caused by various pathogen groups. In recent years, efforts have been made to combat these diseases using biological control methods, particularly the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This study aimed to determine the effects of AMF (Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) and Gigaspora margarita (Gm)) on Rhizoctonia fragariae (Rf), Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), and Alternaria alternata (Aa), which are major pathogens for strawberry. The results showed that the effects of AMF on disease severity and plant growth varied depending on the pathogens involved. Rf caused the highest disease severity, followed by Fo and Aa, but all AMF treatments significantly reduced the disease severity compared to control treatments. The study also found that the specific AMF species and their combinations influenced plant growth responses under different pathogenic conditions. Different AMF treatments resulted in varying increases in plant fresh weight, dry weight, and length, depending on the pathogen. Moreover, the application of AMF led to increased levels of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phosphorus content in pathogen-infected plants compared to control treatments. Fm was more efficient than Gm in increasing these biochemical parameters. The levels of root colonization by AMF were similar among different AMF treatments, but the effects on fungal spore density varied depending on the pathogen. Some AMF treatments increased fungal spore density, while others did not show significant differences. In conclusion, our research sheds light on the differential effects of AMF species on disease severity, plant growth, and biochemical parameters in strawberry plants facing diverse pathogens. These findings underscore the potential benefits of AMF in disease management, as they reduce disease severity and bolster plant growth and defense mechanisms.
The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Species Funneliformis Mosseae and Biochar Against Verticillium Dahliae in Pepper Plants Under Salt Stress
(Springer, 2024) Gunes, Hasret; Demir, Semra; Durak, Emre Demirer; Boyno, Goekhan
Both biotic and abiotic stress factors play an important role in reducing the growth and productivity of many crops. In this study, the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and biochar (Bc) were investigated against Verticillium dahliae (Vd) disease in pepper plants grown under salt stress. These effects were evaluated on enzyme activities, salt tolerance, disease severity, plant growth and physiological characteristics. In this study, pepper was treated with 2% biochar, Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), Vd and different concentrations of salt (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM). The interaction of Fm and 2% Bc significantly increased the morphological parameters of the plant and the plant tolerated salt and Vd under combined high stress conditions of biotic (Vd) and abiotic (salt) stresses. It was also shown that Fm had a different effect than Bc on the membrane injury index (MII; %) and had a significant effect on leaf relative water content (LRWC; %). In addition, Vd increased mycorrhizal reliance, with the higher spore density of AMF higher disease severity observed in treatments involving Fm and Fm + Bc. Furthermore, phenol and antioxidant values were altered in Vd treatments, while Fm decreased CAT enzyme activation. Therefore, this study supports that AMF + biochar used in sustainable agriculture increases plant resistance to the soil pathogen (V. dahliae) and the salt stresses.
Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Amf) and Biochar on the Growth of Pepper (Capsicum Annum L.) Under Salt Stress
(Springer, 2023) Gunes, Hasret; Demir, Semra; Erdinc, Ceknas; Furan, Mehmet Alp
Soil salinity is a significant abiotic factor that negatively affects the growth and yield of many plants. Separately, biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus contributed positively to salt-stressed plant growth. To alleviate salinity stress and promote pepper growth, biochar and mycorrhiza are rarely researched together. In this work, the effects of salt stress (AMF) and biochar (BC) applications on the pepper (Capsicum annum L.) plant's morphological and physiological growth characteristics and some soil properties were investigated. Biochar (2% and 4%) and AMF inoculum (Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) and ERS commercial AMF inoculum) were applied to a commercial pepper cultivar (Sera Demre 8) at varying salt concentrations (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM) in order to determine the optimal treatments (AMF inoculum and biochar concentration). In general, when the salt concentration increased, the morphological growth values of the pepper plant and the AMF density decreased, but the EC value of the soil increased. In general, the plants were able to endure a salt concentration of 100 mM, but their sensitivity increased when exposed to 150 mM NaCl. Biochar and AMF independently increased plant growth parameters, leaf relative water content (LRWC), and phosphorus (P), while decreasing membrane injury index (MII) values. The interaction biochar and AMF positively improved microbial activity under conditions of salt stress, while mycorrhizal dependency did not arise in AMF treatments. Based on the results, it was found that the 2% biochar ratio and F. mosseae were beneficial to the morphological development and growth of AMF. Therefore, it was determined that the synergistic effect of AMF and biochar might be used as a viable and sustainable agricultural alternative to prevent salt stress damage in pepper growing.
Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Amf) and Biochar on the Growth of Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Under Salt Stress (Jun, 10.1007/S10343-023-00897-2, 2023)
(Springer, 2023) Gunes, Hasret; Demir, Semra; Erdinc, Ceknas; Furan, Mehmet Alp
How Do Amf and Biochar Affect Pepper Growth and Nutrient Content Under Biotic and Abiotic Stress
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2025) Gunes, Hasret; Demir, Semra; Erdinc, Ceknas
Salt stress is a significant abiotic stress that adversely affects pepper plant growth which can accelerate the development of plant pathogens and increase plant susceptibility to diseases. Verticillium dahliae, which causes pepper wilt disease, is an important biotic stress factor. Funneliformismosseae and biochar organic wastes help to take nutrients from the soil by establishing symbiotic connections with plant roots and, are effective in treating plant diseases, plant growth, and stress tolerance. This study aims to determine the effects of F. mosseae (Fm) and 2% biochar (Bc) against V. dahliae (Vd) on some plant physiological properties, plant nutrient uptake, soil pH, and EC value in pepper plants grown under salt stress (50mM, 100mM, 150mM). As a result of the study, the use of F. mosseae alone or in interaction with 2% biochar significantly increased some physiological parameters and some minerals (P, K, Mg, and Mn) contents of the plant. Moreover, pepper plants showed remarkable resistance to salt and stress factors caused by V. dahliae. In addition, the interaction between F. mosseae and biochar significantly lowered the soil EC value under conditions of severe salt stress. On the other hand, biochar was more effective than F.mosseae in terms of soil pH and Ca/Na ratio. The results showed that biochar and F. mosseae were beneficial in reducing biotic ( V. dahliae) and abiotic stress (salt stress) damage while enhancing plant growth and nutrient absorption. Therefore, this study yields excellent and novel results, particularly in the field of employing beneficial microorganisms for sustainable agriculture.
Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass With Molybdenum, Aluminum, Cobalt Metal Powder Catalysts and Evaluation of Wastewater by Fungus Cultivation
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Genel, Salih; Durak, Halil; Durak, Emre Demirer; Gunes, Hasret; Genel, Yasar
In this study, the Ammi visnaga plant was liquefied in the presence of Mo, Al and Co metal powder catalysts and without catalyst. Liquefaction trials were carried out at 225, 250, 275 and 300 degrees C reaction temperatures and reaction times of 0, 15, 30 and 45 min. The highest liquid product yield was determined as 42.31% in the experiment without catalyst and 39.42% with Mo catalyst at 300 degrees C. GC-MS, XRD, TOC, SEM-EDX and Elemental analysis methods were used to characterization of solid and liquid product. The highest energy values were determined as 25.34 MJ/kg for light oil and 29.69 MJ/kg for heavy oil with Co catalyst. In order to investigate the agricultural application potential, the effects of the wastewater obtained at the end of the trials on Tricho-derma harzianum, Clonostachys rose and Rhizoctonia solani fungi were investigated. It was determined the bioagent fungi developed and pathogen growth was inhibited.
Mitigation Effects of Gamma Ir 1 Radiation (60co) and Trichoderma Species Against Fusarium- and Pythium-Induced Diseases in Cucumber
(Springer, 2025) Gunes, Hasret; Hatipoglu, Murside; Yildiz, Muhsin; Bitik, Selma Kipcak; Erdinc, Ceknas; Demir, Semra
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a vegetable widely grown worldwide for its agricultural, economic and nutritional value. With the increase in cucumber cultivation areas in recent years, soil-borne plant disease such as Pythium spp. and Fusarium wilt (FW) have caused significant economic losses for producers. Filamentous Trichoderma fungi and gamma radiation are well known for their ability to stimulate many plant-pathogen fungal interactions, plant defense mechanisms against these fungi (antagonistic, competitive, etc.), and plant growth. This study aims to examine the effects of Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens), which are among the sustainable practices against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and P. aphanidermatum pathogens, and the effects of gamma rays (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 Gy), which are used as a reliable method for changing physiological and biochemical processes in plants and investigating their interactions with pathogens. The results revealed that the interaction between gamma rays and Trichoderma species increased the fresh and dry weights and shoot and root length values of the cucumber plants and decreased the disease severity. When Trichoderma harzianum (%51-%78 impact) and Trichoderma virens (%40-%67 impact) were compared, their effects on plant growth and disease severity were determined to vary according to parameters and gamma doses. These results indicate that gamma mutations may improve the biocontrol properties of T. harzianum and T. virens. According to the results of this study, gamma rays can be used in sustainable agricultural practices together with Trichoderma spp. as a bioformulation against pathogens that cause wilt and root rot in cucumber [F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (72%) and P. aphanidermatum (66%)] against.
Mitigation Effects of Gamma Irradiation (60co) and Trichoderma Species Against Fusarium and Pythium Diseases in Cucumber (Vol 54, Pg 45, 2025)
(Springer, 2025) Gunes, Hasret; Hatipoglu, Murside; Yildiz, Muhsin; Bitik, Selma Kipcak; Erdinc, Ceknas; Demir, Semra
Relationship Between Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Urticaceae Families With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Amf)
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2019) Gunes, Hasret; Demir, Semra; Durak, Emre Demirer
This study was carried out to determine the interact ion of some plant species belonging to these families [Raphanas sativus (radish), Brassica oleracea (cauliflower), Spinacia oleracea (spinach) and Urtica dioica (stinging nettle)] with commercial AMF, Ghnints intraradices and Gigaspora margarita. The experiment was carried out in controlled conditions in a growth room as a randomized plot design. At the end of the experiment. AMF root colonization, mycorrhizal dependence, spores density in soil, phosphorus (P) amount were determined and plant development parameters were evaluated. Results indicated that the plant species (except stinging nettle) were symbiotic with AMF. The highest. AMF root colonization and mycorrhizal dependency ratio were determined in spinach x commercial AMF combination. Commercial AMF performed better than other plants in terms of mycorrhizal adaptation and development with cauliflower and spinach plants. Mycorrhizal dependence was determined to be the lowest AMF Gigaspora margarita. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between mycorrhizal and non-micorhizal plants in terms of total phosphorus content.
Relationship Between Some Plants Species Belonging To Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Urticaceae Families, and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobacteria
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Gunes, Hasret; Demir, Semra; Akkopru, Ahmet
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) formation on [Brassica oleracea (cauliflower), Spinacia oleracea (spinach),and Urtica urens (stinging nettle)] belonging to Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Urticaceae families, which are known to have a negative influence on the symbiotic life formation with AMF. Two PGPR isolates that contributed to the plant's growth and served as a "mycorrhizal helper" in various hosts were predetermined at the initial stage; then they were applied to three plant species with AMF species [Gigaspora margarita and commercial AMF (ERS)]. The obtained results revealed that combined AMF x PGPR treatments improved the growth and morphological development parameters of cauliflower, spinach, and nettle plants. PGPR bacteria had different effects on AMF root colonization depending on the plant species. The highest root colonization rate was achieved in spinach plants with the commercial AMF treatments. Commercial AMF isolate, alone or in combination with PGPR strains, was also found to increase AMF spore density and mycorrhizal dependency in cauliflower and spinach plants. There was no significant difference in total phosphorus content in cauliflower and nettle compared to the control group, and only one application group (G. margarita x PGPR) in spinach plants had an increase in phosphorus content.
The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the Control of Rhizoctonia Root Rot in Local Bean Genotypes of the Van Lake Basin
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2025) Demirer Durak, Emre; Ekincialp, Aytekin; Gunes, Hasret; Erdinc, Ceknas
Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), one of the main vegetables common in the Van Lake Basin, are frequently grown in the region with local genotypes. Rhizoctonia solani root rot, an important soil-borne disease that negatively affects beans, especially in this region, causes economic losses in our country and worldwide. Therefore, a viable and eco-friendly alternative to chemical control in the treatment of such significant soil-borne plant diseases is the application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). This study aimed to investigate the effects of commercial AMF (ERS) and Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) against R.solani (Rs) root rot disease in V29 and TR 50763 (T71) bean genotypes obtained from Van-Geva & scedil;. For this purpose, some plant growth parameters, total phenol, total antioxidant capacity, root colonization, and disease severity parameters were investigated. Fm and ERS significantly increased plant morphological parameters and reduced disease severity in both bean