Browsing by Author "Gurturk, Kemal"

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Classical Enterotoxigenic Characteristics of Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Isolated From Bovine Subclinical Mastitis in Van, Turkey
(Elsevier, 2008) Boynukara, Banur; Gulhan, Timur; Alisarli, Mustafa; Gurturk, Kemal; Solmaz, Hasan
The aim of the present study was to investigate classical enterotoxigenic properties of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis. For this purpose, 480 milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis raised in different villages neighbouring Van city Center were collected. A total of 106 S. aureus strains were isolated. Twenty seven isolates (25.5%) were found to be enterotoxigenic by reverse passive latex agglutination (RPLA). Of these, 25 (23.6%) were positive for staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), 2 (1.9%) for SEB. None of the isolates was positive for SEC or SED. This study showed that most S. aureus strains isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis produced SEA compared to other SEs. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Detection and Comparison of Neuraminidase Activities in Human and Bovine Group B Streptococci
(Wiley-blackwell, 2016) Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Gurturk, Kemal; Ilhan, Ziya; Ekin, Suat; Borum, Ayse Ebru; Arabaci, Cigdem; Yesilova, Abdullah
Human and bovine group B streptococcus (GBS) isolates were serotyped and amounts of released N-acetylneuraminic acid from N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose by extracellular neuraminidase were colorimetrically assessed. According to serotyping by co-agglutination method, 30 of bovine GBS and 43 of human GBS could be serotyped (ST) by monospecific antisera coated with protein A. The remaining GBS strains were designated as nontypeable (NT). The released N-acetylneuraminic acid was determined in 90.9% of bovine GBS and 47.1% of human GBS isolates. The differences between the total bovine and human GBS isolates were statistically significant (p < 0.001). In comparison with detected N-acetylneuraminic acid level in bovine and human groups, significant decrease was observed in the bovine NT group according to increased human NT (p < 0.01) and bovine ST groups (p < 0.01). However, N-acetylneuraminic acid level in bovine ST and bovine total groups significantly (p < 0.001) increased with respect to the human ST group and human total group. Neuraminidase activity was detected more frequently in bovine GBS isolates. Considerable differentiations were observed between typeable and nontypeable isolates.
Detection of Enzyme Activities and Their-Relation To Serotypes of Bovine and Human Group B Streptococci
(Soc General Microbiology, 2015) Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Gurturk, Kemal; Ilhan, Ziya; Arabaci, Cigdem; Gulaydinl, Ozgul
Enzymatic properties of group B streptococci (GBS) serotypes from bovine milk and human routine vaginal specimens were investigated. Out of the 56 human and 66 bovine GBS, 35 and 30 could be classified serologically by a co-agglutination test with type-specific antisera, respectively. Hyaluronidase (HYAL), streptokinase (SK) and protease activities were detected using culture media. HYAL activity was observed mostly in typable human GBS, and serotypes la, lc and II comprised 77.3 % of the typable strains producing HYAL. Bovine GBS serotypes II, III and VII comprised 87.5 % of typable bovine strains exhibiting HYAL activity. SK activity was detected only in three human GBS. Human GBS serotypes la, lc, II, III, VII and almost all typable bovine GBS strains showed protease activity. beta-D-glucosidase activity was frequently observed in human GBS, whereas N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity was mostly detected in non-typable GBS from humans. These results indicate that different GBS serotypes could vary in their virulence properties, and bovine and human GBS isolates could not be differentiated by their enzyme activities. Use of the culture media appeared to be a simple-to-apply and useful method for the detection of extracellular enzyme activity such as HYAL, protease and SK.
Determination of Mic Values of Various Antimicrobial Agents and Presence of Resistance Genes in Pasteurella Multocida Strains Isolated From Bovine
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2021) Gulaydin, Ozgul; Gurturk, Kemal; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Ozturk, Cihat
Pasteurella multocida is an important bacterium that can cause respiratory infections in cattle. Due to the usage of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of the disease frequently, it is critical to follow the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. In this study, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of various antimicrobial agents and presence of genes related to resistance were investigated in 59 P. multocida strains isolated from the respiratory tract of cattle. According to MIC values determined by E-test, all of the isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, but resistant to cefoxitin. In addition, high resistance to ampicillin (88.14%), tilmicosin (64.41%), clindamycin (83.05%) and streptomycin (59.32%) were observed in the isolates. When the resistance genes were examined by PCR, it was determined that blaROB-1, tet H, sul II, str A/aphA 1 and erm 42 genes could play an important role in penicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprime, aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance, respectively. It was concluded that the usage of ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprime, macrolide and aminoglycosides should be considered for the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by P. multocida in cattle. Also, it was determined that antimicrobial resistance genes could play an important role in the development of resistance in P. multocida.
Evolution of Slime Production by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and Enterotoxigenic Characteristics of Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Isolated From Various Human Clinical Specimens
(Soc General Microbiology, 2007) Boynukara, Banur; Gulhan, Timur; Gurturk, Kemal; Alisarli, Mustafa; Ogun, Erdal
The present study was designed to determine the slime production of coag u lase- negative staphylococci (CoNS) and the enterotoxigenic properties of Staphylococcus aureus strains, and to evaluate the clinical importance of slime-producing CoNS and enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains isolated from various human clinical specimens. For this purpose, a total of 120 Staphylococcus strains were isolated and identified, and further characterized for their slime production and enterotoxigenicity. Of the clinical isolates, 55 (45.8 %) were found to be S. aureus, and the others (54.2 %) were identified as CoNS. Of the CoNS, 20 (116.7 %) were further identified as Staphylococcus hominis, 18 (15 %) as Staphylococcus epidermidis, six (5 %) as Staphylococcus xylosus, six (5 %) as Staphylococcus warneri, five (4.2 as Staphylococcus sciuri, four (3.3 %) as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and two each (1. 7 as Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus capitis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, respectively. Thirty-nine (60%) of 65 CoNS were found to be slime producers. Slime production was observed in all CoNS, except S. capitis, mostly from blood (38.5 %), tracheal aspiration (20.5 %) and urine (112.8 %) specimens. In addition, of the 55 S. aureus isolates, 46 (83.6 %) were found to be enterotoxigenic, and of these S. aureus strains, 39 (84.7 %) were positive for staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE)A. The results of this study showed that the slime-producing CoNS were mostly found in clinical specimens of blood, tracheal aspirate and urine. SEA was the predominant enterotoxin type detected in S. aureus strains from human clinical specimens.
Investigation of Biotype, Genotype and Virulence Associated Genes in Pasteurella Multocida Capsular Type a Strains From the Respiratory Tract of Cattle and Their Relationship With Disease Cases
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Gulaydin, Ozgul; Gurturk, Kemal
Pasteurella (P.) multocida, which causes respiratory disease in cattle, can also be found commensally in the upper respiratory tract. Therefore, it is epidemiologically important to determine the possible difference between pathogenic and commensal strains for the diagnosis of the disease. In this study, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and virulence associated genes of P. multocida capsular type A strains isolated from the respiratory tract of sick and healthy cattle were investigated. Also, the relationship between the disease status of animals and the characteristics of the isolates were evaluated. Total of 51 P. multocida capsular type A strains were biotyped and genotyped by using commercial bacteria identification kits and PCR-fingerprint, respectively. Four major biotypes generated from xylose and sucrose test results were detected in 39 (76.47%) isolates. Eleven different biotypes were detected in the remaining 12 isolates (23.53%), which were separated from the 4 major biotypes by mannitol, indole, sorbitol, nitrate, VP, lactose, arabinose, salicin, and rhamnose test. Four genotypes were detected in P. multocida isolates and most of them (90.2%) had genotype I profile. Virulence associated genes, such as hgbA, exbB, exbD, tbpA, ptfA, hsf-2, tadD, nanB, nanH, pmHAS, sodA, sodC, and oma87 were detected in all isolates whereas hgbB, toxA, and hsf-1 genes were not found by PCR. PfhA gene were found in 49 isolates (96.07%) but, ompH gene could be detected only in 10 (18.86%) isolates. The findings of the study indicated that P. multocida capsular type A strains generated as xylose positive/sucrose negative (biotype II) and genotype II may be associated with respiratory diseases of cattle. However, ompH gene was observed to be associated with sucrose negative isolates, but not with disease cases. As a result, it was concluded that xylose positive/sucrose negative biotype and genotype II determined in P. multocida capsular type A strains isolated from respiratory diseases of cattle, might be important epidemiological criteria in the differentiation of commensal and pathogenic isolates.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide-Lincosamide Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates From Bovine and Human
(Sciendo, 2023) Gulaydin, Ozgul; Gurturk, Kemal; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Ilhan, Ziya; Arabaci, Cigdem
In this study, penicillin, oxacillin, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance in S. aureus strains that were isolated from bovine mastitis cases, and human patients were investigated. Inducible clindamycin resistance (iML) was not found in 30 bovine isolates, while it was detected in 3 (10%) of 30 human isolates. MIC90 values of penicillin, oxacillin and macrolide-lincosamides (ML) were 2, 0.19, > 256 mu g/ml in bovine isolates and were 3, 3 and 0.19-1.5 mu g/ml in human isolates, respectively. Streptogramin resistance was not found in both bovine and human isolates. Although the mecA gene was detected in all of the oxacillin resistant isolates, blaZ gene could not be detected in penicillin resistant isolates. The erm(B) gene was detected in 5 (38.6%) of 13 ML-resistant bovine isolates, and the mph(C) gene was detected in 2 (66.66%) of 3 human isolates. As a result, resistance to penicillin and oxacillin was found to be higher in human S. aureus isolates, while ML resistance was found to be higher in bovine isolates in this investigation. It was concluded that the presence of genes in extra-chromosomal elements associated to penicillin and macrolide resistance should be investigated. The data obtained from this study will contribute to the studies on antimicrobial susceptibility in the field of human and veterinary medicine.
Presence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Staphylococci Isolated From Bovine Subclinical Mastitis
(Sivar-soc Italiana veterinari Animali Reddito, 2024) Cantekin, Zafer; Ozmen, Gamze Ozge; Demir, Melek; Er, Zeynep Yilmaz; Gurturk, Kemal; Solmaz, Hasan; Ergun, Yasar
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance increases rapidly worldwide, and the primary culprit is represented by their widespread use. Subclinical mastitis is the leading cause of most antibiotic treatment, representing also one of the significant problems of bovine herd management. One of the main causes of subclinical mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the determination of antibiotic resistance against Staphylococcus aureus is an essential step in the treatment of subclinical mastitis. The aim of this study was to identify antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci obtained from cases of bovine subclinical mastitis in three provinces and the relationship between antibiotic resistance and ease of antibiotic availability (Burdur, Hatay and Van) in Turkey. In total, 283 isolates (Burdur, n = 36; Hatay, n = 47; Van, n = 200 isolates) were studied. The isolates were first identified as Staphylococcus aureus and/or non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) by conventional phenotypic methods, and the species was then confirmed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A simplex PCR assay was performed to detect antibiotic resistance genes (mecA, mecC, aacA-aphD, ermA, ermB, ermC, tetK, tetM and blaZ). Among the isolates from all three provinces, the blaZ gene was the most prevalent antibiotic resistance gene, present in 43 out of 156 (28%) NAS isolates, 27 out of 127 (21%) S. aureus isolates and 25% of all the isolates. In contrast, tetM was the most prevalent gene in the Hatay isolates, detected in 64% of all isolates. The mecA-gene was present in 10% of the NAS, and in 3% of the S. aureus isolates. The mecC and ermA genes were not detected in any of the isolates. This shows that antimicrobial resistance, as determined by PCR, is common in Staphylococcus isolates from mastitis in Turkey, and warrants systematic treatment protocols as well as the implementation of preventative strategies to reduce antimicrobial usage.