Browsing by Author "Guz, Nurper"

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The Biological and Physiological Responses of Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say (Col. Chrysomelidae) To Different Potato Cultivars
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2022) Golizadeh, Mahdieh; Mehrkhou, Fariba; Atlihan, Remzi; Guz, Nurper
BACKGROUND The use of pest-resistant or less susceptible plant varieties is of great importance for integrated pest management programs. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of seven potato cultivars to a major pest, namely the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), by measuring its bio-physiological aspects. RESULTS The longest developmental time and the lowest survival rate of CPB were detected on cultivar 'Manitou.' Although the larvae fed voraciously, the food conversion efficiency was the lowest on this cultivar leading to the lowest relative growth rate. Furthermore, larvae reared on Manitou had the lowest total protease activity and specific activity values of cathepsin B compared to the larvae reared on other cultivars. Additionally, the cluster analysis showed that the Manitou cultivar was the least suitable (partially resistant) CPB. Moreover, the results indicated that the protein content was the lowest in the Manitou cultivar; conversely, this cultivar was rich in polyphenol and flavonoid compared to Agria and Santae cultivars. CONCLUSION The overall results in this study indicated that the Manitou cultivar might be a good candidate to be incorporated into integrated pest management programs.
Neonicotinoid Resistance in Populations of the Cotton Aphid, Aphis Gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Cotton Plantation Areas of Turkey
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Kaya, Cahit; Cagatay, Naciye Sena; Margaritopoulos, John T.; Vontas, John; Atlihan, Remzi; Guz, Nurper
The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a polyphagous pest that could cause economic crop losses in various crops. Cotton production areas are under insecticide application pressure, and the possibility of insecticide resistance development is higher than in other crops. Chemical insecticides, especially neonicotinoids, are the most common instruments of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies against A. gossypii. In this study, the resistance status of A. gossypii populations from the largest cotton plantation areas of Turkiye was analyzed. Nine field-collected aphid populations and a susceptible strain were examined in leaf-dip bioassays with three neonicotinoid insecticides. The resistance ratios of bioassays ranged from 22.6 to 82.6 for acetamiprid, 23.5 to 67.3 for imidacloprid, and 1.1 to 20.8 for thiamethoxam. Comparative sequence analysis between susceptible and resistant strains was analyzed to identify known mutations to confer resistance to neonicotinoids. The mean enzyme activity in some populations was significantly higher than in the susceptible strain. The enzyme activity ratios ranged from 1.9 to 3.9 for CarE and 1.5 to 3.1 for GST. The bioassay data revealed moderate to high resistance levels in acetamiprid and imidacloprid and low to medium levels in thiamethoxam. A partial sequence of the beta 1 subunit of the nAChR in specimens of the populations examined did not reveal any of the V62I, L80S, and R81T and point mutations. The lack of any correlation between the carboxylesterase or glutathione-S-transferase activity and the LC50 values of three insecticides suggested that these two detoxification enzymes were not involved in the resistance levels observed. However, the resistance levels observed in the present study could be attributed to metabolic resistance mechanisms. Another important point is the cross-resistance observed between the neonicotinoids in the present study. Their extensive use, especially in cotton, might select aphid genotypes resistant to more than one neonicotinoid.
Sublethal Effects of Three Insecticides on Fitness Parameters and Population Projection of Brevicoryne Brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
(Oxford Univ Press inc, 2020) Mahmoodi, Leila; Mehrkhou, Fariba; Guz, Nurper; Forouzan, Maryam; Atlihan, Remzi
The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), is one of the major insect pests of cole crops in Iran. In most instances outbreaks are normally kept under control by application of insecticides. In this study, the sublethal effects (LC30) of three insecticides, acetamiprid, buprofezin, and thiamethoxam-lambda cyhalothrin, (TLC) were evaluated on the population growth rate of the progeny of insecticide-treated cabbage aphid adults. The age-stage, two-sex life table method was used to analyze the collected data. The results indicated that the insecticide applications affected the duration of the preadult period, their survival, reproduction, life span/longevity, and consequently, the population growth rate of the F-1 generation. The indicators of the greatest sublethal effects were noted in the progeny of the TLC-treated adults. These included the lowest net reproductive rate (R-0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (lambda), and the longest mean generation time (T). The highest values of r, lambda, R, and the lowest value of T occurred in the control group followed by, in order, the acetamiprid and buprofezin groups. These research findings will be useful in the development and implementation of future aphid management programs.
Sublethal Effects of Two Entomopathogenic Fungi Species, Metarhizium Anisopliae and Beauveria Bassiana, on the Cabbage Aphid (Brevicoryne Brassicae)
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Mousavi, Mahdieh; Mehrkhou, Fariba; Guz, Nurper; Goosta, Yobert; Atlihan, Remzi
A We evaluated the sublethal (LC25) effects of the three native strains of two important entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) species (Metarhizium anisopliae AB, M. anisopliae Iran 245, and Beauveria bassiana 106) on the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) which is among the most destructive pests of cole crops. Studies were carried out in controlled conditions providing 25 +/- 2 degrees C, 60% +/- 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). The age-stage, two-sex life table method was used for data analysis. The results indicated that EPF treatments affected the population growth rate of the aphids by causing prolongation of the development time, decrease in survival rate, shortening of adult longevity, and decrease in reproduction. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (lambda) reflecting combined effects of all life history parameters were the highest in the control group and the lowest in M. anisopliae AB treatment. Similarly, the mean generation time was the shortest in the control treatment and the longest in M. anisopliae AB group. The overall results demonstrated that EPFs tested in this study could be considered an alternative option in the IPM programs against cabbage aphid, and M. anisopliae strain AB is the most promising EPF for further evaluation.