Browsing by Author "Ilhan, Mert"

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Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Features of Bryonia Alba L.: as a Possible Alternative in Treating Rheumatism
(de Gruyter Poland Sp Zoo, 2019) Ilhan, Mert; Dereli, Fatma Tugce Airagac; Tulmen, Ibrahim; Akkol, Esra Kupeli
Bryonia species have traditionally been used as a diuretic and laxative, to reduce edema and relieve joint pain. B. alba roots are used especially to treat rheumatic pain and applied to painful joints in Turkish folk medicine. B. alba roots were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol, successively. The carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model and the Whittle method were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts in mice. The p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test and tail flick test were used to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the extracts in mice. DPPH-radical-scavenging activity, ABTS radical-scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity were assessed. Furthermore, the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were calculated for all the extracts. The EtOAc extract prepared from B. alba roots had the most promising anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities. Moreover, it had high phenolic and flavonoid contents. Therefore, B. alba roots could be alternative treatment method for rheumatic disorders.
Assessment of Antidepressant Effect of the Aerial Parts of Micromeria Myrtifolia Boiss. & Hohen on Mice
(Mdpi, 2019) Akkol, Esra Kupeli; Dereli, Fatma Tugce Guragac; Ilhan, Mert
The currently available antidepressant agents necessitate the development of newer alternatives because of their serious adverse effects and costs. Traditional medicinal knowledge is likely the key that opens the door to discover new medicines. In Turkish folk medicine, the infusion prepared from aerial parts of Micromeria myrtifolia Boiss. & Hohen is used as pleasure and medicinal tea for its relaxing action. The present research was conceived to confirm the antidepressant's potential of this traditional medicinal plant. In this process, first of all, the collected and shade-dried aerial parts of M. myrtifolia were powdered and then, extracted using solvents with different polarity as follows; n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH). The antidepressant activity of the extracts was evaluated by using several in vivo and in vitro experimental models of depression. When the data obtained from the control and experimental groups were compared, it was determined that the MeOH extract was the most active. The active components of this extract were isolated and identified utilizing various chromatographic separation techniques. The MeOH extract was applied to reversed phase (RP-18) column chromatography to obtain five main fractions and they were tested on antidepressant activity models. The isolated compounds from the obtained fractions were elucidated as rosmarinic acid (1), myricetin (2), apigenin (3), and naringenin (4) which were assumed to be responsible for the antidepressant activity of the aerial parts. According to the results, rosmarinic acid, myricetin, apigenin, and naringenin showed statistically significant activity on forced swimming test and tetrabenazine-induced ptosis models, whereas only rosmarinic acid showed statistically significant activity on the tail suspension test. Apigenin displayed the highest inhibitory activity on MAO A and B enzymes. Studies in the future should be performed to investigate the antidepressant activity mechanism of these natural compounds. The current research could be an important step in the development of the new agents that can be used in the treatment of depression.
Beneficial Effects of Ajuga Chamaepitys (L.) Schreber Subsp. Chia (Schreber) and Its Iridoids on the Colitis Model: Histopathological and Biochemical Evidence
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Akkol, Esra Kupeli; Ilhan, Mert; Karpuz, Busra; Tastan, Hakki; Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo; Khan, Haroon
In Turkish folk medicine, aerial parts of Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreber subsp. chia (Schreber) are used for the treatment of diarrhea. The crude methanolic extract of aerial parts of A. chamaepitys subsp. chia was sequentially fractionated into five subextracts; n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous extracts. Effects of the methanol extract, subextracts and fractions were investigated in acetic acid-induced rat colitis model. The MeOH extract and n-BuOH subextract have regulated the caspase-3, myelopemxidase, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels and antioxidant parameters. After confirmation of the activity against ulcerative colitis, n-BuOH subextract was subjected to more chromatographic separation for the isolation of compounds ajugoside (1), asperulosidic acid (2) and deacetyl-asperulosidic acid (3). As a conclusion, A. chamaepitys subsp. chia can be used in cell, tissue, or individual-specific treatments that will be developed in the future treatment of IBD, or as a complementary therapeutic agent that contributes to these treatments.
Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Flavonoids From Urtica Dioica L. and Their Effect on Endometriosis Rat Model
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2019) Ilhan, Mert; Ali, Zulfiqar; Khan, Ikhlas A.; Tastan, Hakki; Akkol, Esra Kupeli
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Urtica dioica L. has been used traditionally for centuries. U. dioica leaves and roots are used as a blood purifier, emmenagogue, and diuretic, as well as to treat menstrual hemorrhage, rheumatism, and eczema. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity of U. dioica L. aerial parts in endometriosis rat model. Materials and methods: To evaluate the effects of the plant in endometriosis, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH) extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of the plant and utilized in a rat surgical endometriosis model. In this model, adhesion scores of endometriotic implants and the spherical volumes of ectopic uterine tissues were evaluated. In addition to these parameters, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels of the peritoneal fluids were evaluated. Furthermore, histopathological studies were conducted on the endometriotic tissues. Results: Post-treatment implant volumes and adhesion scores were significantly reduced in the reference and the MeOH extract treated groups. Significant differences were found between the peritoneal TNF-a, VEGF, and IL-6 levels of MeOH extract treated group and those of control group. Moreover, histopathological findings supported the biological activity results. Furthermore, isolation studies were conducted on the MeOH extract, which showed prominent activity in the rat endometriosis model. Rutin (1), isoquercetin (2), the mixture of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (nicotiflorin) (3a) and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (narcissin) (3b) (3), the mixture of kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (astragalin) (4a) and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (4b) (4) were isolated from the active fraction. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that aerial parts of U. dioica exhibited promising activity in the endometriosis rat model due to its flavonoids.
Discovery of New Antidepressant Agents: in Vivo Study on Anthemis Wiedemanniana Fisch & Mey
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2018) Derelia, Fatma Tugce Guragac; Ilhan, Mert; Akkol, Esra Kupeli
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Many of the currently available antidepressants have serious adverse effects and are also expensive. Traditional medicines are major sources of original drugs, and their role in effective treatment is remarkable. In Turkish folk medicine, decoctions and infusions are prepared from the flowers of Anthemis wiedemanniana Fisch. & Mey. They exert antispasmodic and sedative effects and are also used for treating urinary inflammations. The present study was designed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of A. wiedemanniana, which is used against central nervous system disorders in Turkish folk medicine. Materials and methods: n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol (MeOH) extracts were prepared from the flowers of the plant. The antidepressant potentials of these extracts were evaluated in mouse models using the forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and antagonism of tetrabenazine-induced ptosis, hypothermia, and suppression of locomotor activity. The results were compared with those in control and reference groups, and active constituents of the plant were determined. The MeOH extract of A. wiedemanniana was subjected to various chromatographic separation techniques, leading to the isolation and identification of the active component(s). Results: After confirmation of the antidepressant activity, the MeOH extract was subjected to successive solvent partitioning using solvents of increasing polarity, yielding four subextracts. Each subextract was tested on the same biological activity models. Fraction B was found to have the highest activity and subjected to further chromatographic separation. Isolated germacronolide-type sesquiterpene lactones were elucidated as tatridin A (1) and tanachin (1-epi-tatridin B) (2), which were responsible for the antidepressant activity of the flowers. Conclusions: This study explored the antidepressant potential of A. wiedemanniana. Using bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation techniques, tatridin A and tanachin (1-epi-tatridin B) were determined as the main active components of the flowers. Further antidepressant mechanistic studies should be conducted for exploring the activity of these compounds against depression. This study can be an important step in the discovery of newer antidepressants.
Effective Eradication of Pinworms (Syphacia Obvelata and Aspiculuris Tetraptera) With Polygonum Cognatum Meissn
(Academic Press inc Elsevier Science, 2019) Dereli, Fatma Tugce Guragac; Ilhan, Mert; Kozan, Esma; Akkol, Esra Kupeli
Polygonum cognatum Meissn. (Polygonaceae) is a wild edible plant known locally as "solucanotu, madimak" in Turkey and it has been used for various purposes, such as diuretic and antidiabetic, as well to treat oxyuris and worms internally in humans. The present study was carried out to investigate the anthelmintic activity of various extracts were obtained from the aerial parts of P. cognatum in order to justify its traditional usage in Turkish folk medicine. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of the plant, successively. The anthelmintic potentials of these extracts were evaluated on mice naturally infected with Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera. Cellophane perianal tape test and fecal flotation test were used for the activity screening. The results were compared with control and reference groups. In addition to all these experiments, the total amount of phenolic compounds and tannin contents thought to be responsible for the activity were evaluated for all extracts. According to the results, it has been found that the methanolic extract reduced the number of S. obvelata (66.8%) and A. tetraptera (73.4%) eggs. Moreover, the methanolic extract include higher amount of total phenolic compound (48.75 +/- 0.82 mg of GA/g of extract) and tannin (30.04 +/- 0.22 mg TA/g of extract) than n-Hexane (17.21 +/- 0.75 mg of GA/g of extract; 6.82 +/- 0.41 mg TA/g of extract) and ethyl acetate (25.06 +/- 0.94 mg of GA/g of extract; 10.29 +/- 0.34 mg TA/g of extract); therefore the anthelmintic activity could be related to these constituents. The present study explored the anthelmintic potential of P. cognatum. Further studies should be conducted into the mechanism of these compounds' against helminths. This study can be an important step in the discovery of new anthelmintic agents.
An Effective Phytoconstituent Aconitine: a Realistic Approach for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia
(Wiley, 2021) Cankal, Dilek; Akkol, Esra Kupeli; Kilinc, Yeliz; Ilhan, Mert; Capasso, Raffaele
Trigeminal neuralgia pain remains a challenge to treat. Natural compounds may be promising options for relieving pain. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of aconitine in a rat model of trigeminal neuralgia pain. Infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury was performed in adult Wistar Albino rats. After the neuropathic pain developed, the rats were assigned to one of the treatment groups: carbamazepine 40 or 80mg/kg; aconitine 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75mg/kg; or saline injection (control group). Behavioral testing with von Frey filaments and the rotarod test were carried out before the surgical procedure and on the 24th to 29th postoperative days. Following the completion of tests, ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cords were harvested for Western blot analyses to assess NR-1 protein expression. ANOVA followed by Mann-Whitney U test was performed for the statistical analyses. P values of <0.05 were considered significant. Aconitine significantly reduced mechanical sensitivity in a dose-dependent manner. A significant reduction in motor coordination was noted for the higher doses of aconitine which was similar with the 40 and 80mg/kg doses of carbamazepine. NR-1 expression was reduced in the ipsilateral spinal cord, whereas no significant difference was noted between the groups in the expression of NR-1 in the contralateral spinal cord. Aconitine had a significant pain relieving effect, which was similar to carbamazepine, in a dose-dependent manner. Aconitine may be an alternative pharmacological agent for the control of trigeminal neuralgia pain.
Efficacy of Pyrus Elaeagnifolia Subsp. Elaeagnifolia in Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis Model
(de Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2019) Ilhan, Mert; Akkol, Esra Kupeli; Tastan, Hakki; Dereli, Fatma Tugce Guragac; Tumen, Ibrahim
In Turkish folk medicine, the fruits of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia have been used to treat diarrhea and detoxify poisonous snake bites by enlarging the wound. The aim of the study was to confirm the ethnopharmacological usage of the plant using in vivo and in vitro models. Experimental colitis was performed under anesthesia by intrarectal administration of acetic acid in rats, and the extracts were administered orally. The colonic malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitrite levels, in addition to the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 activities, were measured to determine the effects of the plant extracts. The methanol (MeOH) extract revealed a significant decrease in MPO and caspase-3 levels. The MeOH extract was found to have the highest total tannin content. It was also found to have significant antioxidant (p < 0.01) and anti-inflammatory activities (p < 0.05) in acetic acid induced colitis rat model . According to our results, the present study exhibited a decrease in MDA, nitrite, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels in the colon tissue and blood in the MeOH extract treated group. The findings of this study can help in treating various disorders, such as Clostridium difficile infection, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel diseases.
Evaluation of the Chemopreventive Effects of Ankaferd Bloodstopper in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Oral Epithelial Dysplasia
(Springer Heidelberg, 2018) Ozle, Murat; Cankal, Dilek A. Ugar; Ilhan, Mert; Keles, Hikmet; Akkol, Esra Kupeli
ObjectivesAnkaferd BloodStopper (R) (ABS) is an herbal extract which has been used historically as a hemostatic agent in traditional Turkish medicine. ABS comprises of standardized mixture of herbs Thymus vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vitis vinifera, Alpinia officinarum, and Urtica dioica. In addition to its hemostatic effects, the herb ABS contains some other biological effects including antioxidant and antitumoral properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemopreventive effects of ABS in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral epithelial dysplasia.Materials and methodsA total of 40 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 animals received DMBA alone, and group 2 animals received both DMBA and Ankaferd. Group 3 animals received ABS alone while group 4 animals served as control group and received only liquid paraffine. All animals were sacrificed, and tissue samples were analyzed histologically at the end of the experimental period (14weeks).ResultsHistological studies have shown that the buccal pouches of animals treated with DMBA alone revealed severe dysplasia while only mild or no dysplasia were noticed in DMBA + ABS group. Ankaferd were administered to animals and control group showed no dysplasia or other oral lesions.ConclusionThe results suggest that Ankaferd Bloodstopper (R) has chemopreventive effect against DMBA-induced oral epithelial dysplasia.Clinical relevanceAnkaferd Bloodstopper (R) could be used as a supportive treatment option of cancer in oral and maxillofacial surgery since it possesses chemopreventive effect.
Exploring of the Ameliorative Effects of Ethanolic Extract of the Wheatgrass (Triticumaestivum L.) on Surgically Induced Endometriosis Rat Model
(Soc Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania, 2023) Adiyaman, Abdullah; Battal, Abdulhamit; Ilhan, Mert
The purpose of this study was to investigate the healing effects of an ethanolic wheatgrass (WG) extract obtained from young wheat leaves on a surgically induced endometriosis rat model. 30 female Wistar albino rats with endometriosis were randomly organized into five groups (N = 6): Control, Letrozole a reference drug for endometriosis (0.2 mg/kg/day), WG-25 (25 mg/kg/day WG extract), WG-100 (100 mg/kg/day WG extract) and WG-400 (400 mg/kg/day WG extract). WG-100 extract and Letrozole caused a significantly decrease in adhesion score compared to the control. Additionally, treatment with WG extracts resulted in a significant reduction of endometrial cyst volumes compared to the control group. IL-6 cytokine levels in peritoneal fluid of WG-100 and Letrozole groups were importantly lower than the control. Matrix metallopeptidase 9, VEGF and kinase insert domain receptor genes were expressed in endometrial cysts. According to LC-MS/MS analysis, aconitic acid was the major phenolic acid (54.004 mg analyte/g extract) in the WG extract. Additionally, quinic acid (3.687 mg analyte/g extract) and protocatechuic acid (0.014 mg analyte/g extract) were determined in the WG extract. Moreover, the WG extract had vitamin E (5.49 +/- 0.08 mg/g extract) and vitamin C (7.42 +/- 0.13 mg/g extract). As conclusion, WG extract obtained from young leaves of wheat has ameliorative effects on surgically induced endometriosis due to its rich phytochemical content.
Exploring the Ameliorative Effects of Hypericum Scabrum L. on a Surgically-Induced Endometriosis Rat Model and Its Phytochemical Lc-ms/Ms- Profile
(Soc Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania, 2023) Ilhan, Mert; Battal, Abdulhamit; Kaptaner, Burak; Dogan, Abdulahad; Donmez, Fatih; Yilmaz, Mustafa abdullah; Eroglu, Huseyin
Endometriosis is described as the existence and expansion of functional endometrial-like tissues in another part of the uterine cavity. It affects not only postmenopausal women but also teenagers after menarche, causing subfertility, dysmenorrhea and severe pelvic pain. Since no specific treatment is acknowledged for this disease, the present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of H. scabrum in a surgically-induced endometriosis rat model. In order to test the efficacy of H. scabrum on endometriosis, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and aqueous extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of H. scabrum. The cytokine levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and histopathological analyses were evaluated. In order to reveal the potential active compounds, liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed on the MeOH extract who presentedthe highest activity. The MeOH extract significantly decreased the adhesion scores, endometriotic implant volumes, cytokine levels and the antioxidant parameters. Furthermore, histological procedures supported those findings. According to LC-MS/MS analysis of the MeOH extract, the major compounds were mostly phenolic acids and flavonoids. We concluded that the MeOH extract from H. scabrum aerial parts could be used for the treatment of endometriosis, and its activity could be attributed to the chlorogenic acid and quercetin, detected in the highest amounts.
Identification of the Main Active Antidepressant Constituents in a Traditional Turkish Medicinal Plant, Centaurea Kurdica Reichardt
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2020) Dereli, Fatma Tugce Guragac; Ilhan, Mert; Akkol, Esra Kupeli
Ethnopharmacological relevance: In Turkish folk medicine, infusions and decoctions prepared from the flowers, fruits and aerial parts of Centaurea kurdica Reichardt (Asteraceae) are used as sedative and antidepressant-like effects of various sedative plants have been identified in many studies. The present study was designed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of this plant. Materials and methods: n-Hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH) extracts were prepared from the branches with leaves and also flowers of the plant. Antidepressant potentials of these extracts were researched by using the forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and antagonism of tetrabenazine-induced ptosis, hypothermia, and suppression of locomotor activity. Results: After determination of high antidepressant potentials of MeOH extract prepared from flowers and nhexane extract prepared from branches with leaves, isolation studies were carried out on these two extracts and the main active components were determined as beta-amyrin, mixture of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol and costunolide for the branches with leaves and quercitrin, isoquercetin and naringenin-7-O-glucopyranoside for the flowers. Conclusions: As a result of the mechanistic and toxicity studies planned on this plant, it is thought that C. kurdica may be a glimmer of hope for depressed patients.
In Vitro Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Ten Ferulago W. Koch Species Growing in Turkey
(inst Tecnologia Parana, 2022) Akkol, Esra Kupeli; Gunbatan, Tugba; Gurbuz, Ilhan; Duman, Hayri; Kilic, Ceyda Sibel; Ilhan, Mert
Ferulago species are traditionally used for the treatment of skin diseases, bronchitis, and depression, to increase body strength, as an immunostimulant, aphrodisiac and sedative in Anatolia. In this study, hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase inhibitory potential relevant to wound healing activities of ethanol extracts from the roots of ten Ferulago species [F. cassia Boiss., F. humilis Boiss., F. isaurica Pesmen, F. longistylis Boiss., F. mascrosciadia Boiss. & Balansa, F. sandrasica Pesmen & Quezel, F. setifolia K. Koch., F. silaifolia (Boiss.) Boiss., F. trojana Akalin & Pimenov formerly known as F. sylvatica (Besser) Rchb. and F. syriaca Boiss.] were investigated. Ethanol extracts of F. mascrosciadia and F. syriaca were the most active ones against collagenase and elastase, respectively. In vitro wound healing activity of ten Ferulago species is reported for the first time in the current study.
Inhibitory Activity of Podospermum Canum and Its Active Components on Collagenase, Elastase and Hyaluronidase Enzymes
(Academic Press inc Elsevier Science, 2019) Acikara, Ozlem Bahadir; Ilhan, Mert; Kurtul, Ekin; Smejkal, Karel; Akkol, Esra Kupeli
Present study is aimed to investigate in vitro inhibitory effects of the extract prepared from the aerial parts of Podospermum canum (syn: Scorzonera cana var. jacquiniana) (Asteraceae) on hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase enzymes using a bioassay-guided fractionation. Inhibitory effects of the extract, sub-extracts, fractions obtained by column chromatography, and isolated compounds on collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase were performed by using in vitro enzyme inhibitory assays based on spectrophotometric evaluation. The methanolic extract obtained from P. canum exhibited strong inhibitory activities on elastase and collagenase while the insignificant activity was observed on hyaluronidase. Through bioactivity-guided fractionation, the ethyl acetate and remaining water sub-extracts obtained from the methanolic extract displayed significant inhibitory activities on collagenase and elastase, while petroleum ether and chloroform extracts did not show any inhibitory activity. Eleven known compounds: arbutin, 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin, cichoriin, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, apigenin 7-O-beta-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-beta-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-beta-rutinoside, isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, procatechuic acid, and new compound 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid 4-(6-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranosyl) benzyl ester have been obtained from ethyl acetate sub-extract. Results of the present study have revealed that apigenin 7-O-beta-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-beta-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-beta-rutinoside, and isoorientin showed potent enzyme inhibitory activities. However, methanolic extract of P. canum displayed a greater inhibitory activity than fractions and isolated compounds both on collagenase and elastase.
Inhibitory Activity of Scorzonera Latifolia and Its Components on Enzymes Connected With Healing Process
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2019) Akkol, Esra Kupeli; Smejkal, Karel; Kurtul, Ekin; Ilhan, Mert; Guragac, Fatma Tugce; Iscan, Gulcin Saltan; Budesinsky, Milos
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Scorzonera latifolia (Fisch. & Mey.) DC. (Asteraceae) grows naturally in Eastern Anatolia, northeastern Iran, and Caucasus. Latex of S. latifolia roots is used in Turkish folk medicine for its analgesic effects, externally to cure infertility in women, and internally as an antihelmintic. The milk obtained from the stem of the Scorzonera species is used for wound healing activity. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities have previously been reported for S. latifolia. Aim of the study: A methanol extract of the aerial parts of Scorzonera latifolia that had been shown to possess wound-healing activity, was used to elucidate the possible mechanism of the wound-healing activity and to identify the compound(s) responsible for the effect by means of bioassay-guided fractionation. Materials and methods: The wound-healing activity potential of methanol extract of S. latifolia was detected by evaluating the inhibitory activity on the collagenase, hyaluronidase and elastase, which play important roles in the wound-healing process. Succesive fractionation of the methanol extract using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, respectively, and the residual wateryielded four respective fractions. The ethyl acetate part, which was determined as the most active fraction, was selected for further separation using chromatographic techniques. Results: Ethylacetate fraction exhibited significant inhibitory activities on collagenase and elastase. Chromatographic separation of the ethylacetate extract yielded an active subfraction, from which was used to isolate quercetin-3-O-beta-apiofuranosyl-(1"'-> 2 '')-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), quercetin-3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl(1 -> 6)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2), isoorientin (3), and 7-methylisoorientin (4). Of the compounds tested, 7-methylisoorientin (4) exerted inhibitory activity on collagenase and elastase, while quercetin-3-O-beta-apiofuranosyl-(1"' -> 2 '')-beta-glucopyranoside (1) inhibited collagenase only. None of the fractions, or isolated compounds showed any inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase. It must be mentioned, that in vitro tests showed that compounds 1-4 inhibit the collagenase and elastase and could help wound-healing process. However, the inhibititory effect of the methanol extract appears to be greater than that of both of the ethylacetate fraction, subfraction G and the isolated compounds, which suggest that a synergistic interaction of several compounds could be responsible for the wound-healing activity of the aerial parts of S. latifolia.
Insecticidal Activity Ofhyoscyamus Nigerl. Onlucilia Sericatacausing Myiasis
(Mdpi, 2020) Kupeli Akkol, Esra; Ilhan, Mert; Kozan, Esma; Guragac Dereli, Fatma Tugce; Sak, Mustafa; Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo
Background:Hyoscyamus nigerL. (Solanaceae) generally known as henbane, is commonly distributed in Europe and Asia. In Turkey, henbane seeds have been used in folk medicine to remove worms from the eyes. The present study aimed to investigate the insecticidal activity ofH. nigerseeds. Methods:n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and alkaloid extracts were prepared from the seeds of the plant and their insecticidal activities onLucilia sericatalarvae were evaluated. EC(50)and EC(90)values of the alkaloid extract were calculated and morphological abnormalities were investigated. Results: Alkaloid extract prepared from the seeds of this plant displayed significant insecticidal activity. EC(50)values ofH. nigerseeds alkaloid extract were found to be 8.04, 8.49, 7.96 mu g/mL against first, second and third instar, respectively. It was determined that malformations of larvae included damaged larvae with small size, contraction and weak cuticle. Furthermore, HPLC analysis was performed on alkaloid extract ofH. nigerseeds and main components of the extract were determined. It was determined that alkaloid extract mainly contain hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Conclusions: These results confirm the folkloric usage of the plant and suggest that the alkaloid content of the plant could be responsible for the insecticidal activity.
The Investigation of the Potential Antidepressant-Like Activity of Xanthium Orientale Subsp. Italicum (Moretti) Greuter in Rodents
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2020) Dereli, Fatma Tugce Guragac; Ilhan, Mert; Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo; Akkol, Esra Kupeli
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ethnobotanical surveys revealed that Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter has been used against central nervous system disorders in Turkish folk medicine. The aim of the present study is to verify the folkloric assertion on this plant. The compounds responsible for the activity were investigated using bioassay-guided fractionation procedures. Materials and methods: The antidepressant activity of the aqueous, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) extracts; fractions and isolated compounds from active MeOH extract were evaluated by using the in vitro MAO inhibition assay and three different in vivo models namely forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and antagonism of tetrabenazine-induced ptosis, hypothermia, and suppression of locomotor activity. The results were compared with control and reference groups, and active compounds of the plant have been determined. Through the bioassay-guided fractionation procedures, two compounds were isolated from the active fraction and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Results: The MeOH extract of the plant was found to possess antidepressant-like activity. This extract was then subjected to chromatographic techniques. Isolated sesquiterpene lactones were elucidated as xanthatin (1) and xanthinosin (2), which were responsible for the antidepressant-like activity. Conclusions: This study discovered the antidepressant potential of X. orientale subsp. italicum. Using bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation techniques, xanthatin (1) and xanthinosin (2) were determined as the main active components of the leaves.
Isolation and Identification of Triterpenes From Anthemis Austriaca Jacq. Through Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Model
(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Ilhan, Mert; Ali, Zulfiqar; Khan, Ikhlas A.; Tastan, Hakki; Akkol, Esra Kupeli
Purpose This study aimed to assess the activity of A. austriaca flowers in treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats. Methods A letrozole-induced PCOS rat model was used to evaluate the activity potential of A. austriaca flowers. For this purpose, extracts of different polarity were prepared from A. austriaca flowers using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, testosterone, estradiol, serum leptin, lipid, and glucose levels were tested. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by calculating superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels. Following the biological activity studies, phytochemical studies were conducted on the active extract to detect the compound(s) responsible for the activity. Results The treatment with n-hexane extract contributed to regulating serum gonadotropin and steroid hormone levels. The plasma level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, and glucose were significantly lower than those of the control group. Also, the n-hexane extract showed significant antioxidant activity in the PCOS rat model. Since the n-hexane extract was found to be active, isolation studies were performed on this extract and three main fractions were obtained from the n-hexane extract. Those fractions also were tested on letrozole-induced PCOS rat model. As a result, three triterpenoids, beta-amyrin palmitate, taraxasterol acetate, and taraxasterol were isolated and identified from Fr. B which is the most active fraction. Conclusion n-Hexane extract and Fr. B obtained from this extract showed statistically significant activity in the letrozole-induced PCOS rat model and three triterpene-type compounds were isolated from Fr. B.
Myricetin Inhibits Angiotensin Converting Enzyme and Induces Nitric Oxide Production in Huvec Cell Line
(General Physiol and Biophysics, 2020) Berkoz, Mehmet; Yildirim, Metin; Yalin, Serap; Ilhan, Mert; Yunusoglu, Oruc
Nitric oxide is known as relaxing factor because it acts as a vasodilator, increases blood flow, and inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion, on the other hand nitric oxide can modulate cellular and physiological processes to limit oxidative injury, limiting processes such as leukocyte adhesion. As the complete mechanism of myricetin and its cardiovascular benefits is not completely understood, the aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive activity of myricetin in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, nitric oxide production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger activity, cellular calcium concentration, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and protein expression was investigated in HUVEC treated with different concentration of myricetin (1-60 mu M). Myricetin increased nitric oxide production in HUVEC through decreased ROS levels and increased nitric oxide production and eNOS activation. Activation of eNOS enzyme was achieved by an increase of cellular calcium concentration. At the same examined concentration of myricetin, the activity of ACE was significantly inhibited. These findings indicate that myricetin may be helpful for lowering blood pressure; this could be achieved through dietary intervention or by the production of new antihypertensive treatments from a natural product.
New Drug Discovery From Medicinal Plants and Phytoconstituents for Depressive Disorders
(Bentham Science Publ, 2019) Dereli, Fatma Tugce Guragac; Ilhan, Mert; Akkol, Esra Kupeli
Background & Objective: Depression, a risk factor for several serious diseases, is a highly prevalent and life-threatening psychiatric disorder. It can affect the individual's position in life and reduce the living standards. The research on the use of medicinal plants in treating this disease has increased enormously because of the possible low rehabilitation rate and side effects of available synthetic drugs, such as sexual dysfunction, nausea, fatigue, insomnia, hypersomnia, and weight gain. Conclusion: Therefore, this review aimed to draw attention to the antidepressant effects of culinary herbs and traditional medicinal plants and their active components, thereby promoting their use in the development of more potent antidepressants with improved side effect profile.