Browsing by Author "Isik, Ismail"

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Acute Effects of Methyl Parathion and Diazinon as Inducers for Oxidative Stress on Certain Biomarkers in Various Tissues of Rainbowtrout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
(Academic Press inc Elsevier Science, 2008) Isik, Ismail; Celik, Ismail
Present study aimed mainly to assess oxidative stress pesticides such as methyl parathion (MP) and diazinon, which are widely used insecticides and contaminate aquatic ecosystems, on certain biomarkers in various tissues of rainbowtrout (Oncorhynchcus mykiss). Biomarkers selected for stress monitoring were malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant defense system (ADS) mainly reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (GSH-PX), transferase (GST) and superoxidedismutase (SOD) activities in the liver, gills and muscle of fishes exposed to 0.5 and 1 ppm dosages of MP and diazinon for 24,48 and 72 h. According to these results, after the administrations of MP and diazinon promote MDA content in some of the tissues of fishes treated with both dosages of MP and diazinon. With regard to the ADS, GSH-Px, GST, SOD, GR activities and GSH levels fluctuated after 24, 48 and 72 h in all the treatment groups compared with controls. Collective results demonstrated that exposure of fish to pesticides induced an increase in MDA joined with fluctuated ADS. This may reflect the potential role of these parameters as useful biomarkers for assessment of water pollution. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Determination of Chemopreventive Role of Foeniculum Vulgare and Salvia Officinalis Infusion on Trichloroacetic Acid-Induced Increased Serum Marker Enzymes Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidative Defense Systems in Rats
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Celik, Ismail; Isik, Ismail
Today's world is increasingly seeking ways to replace the synthetic drugs with the therapeutic power of natural products. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Foeniculum vulgare (FV) and Salvia officinalis (SO) waters infusions against carcinogen chemical trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-exposure in rats. The chemopreventive potential of the plant infusions were evaluated by measuring levels of serum marker enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)], antioxidant defense systems [Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT)] and lipid peroxidation level (Malondialdehyde = MDA) in various tissues of rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 150-200 g, were randomly allotted into four experimental groups. While the control group (A) received only natural spring water, the treatment B group (0.2% TCA) supplied with the drinking water containing 0.2% TCA, the treatment C (TCA + FV infusion) and D (TCA + SO infusion) groups drank the drinking water containing 0.2% TCA and 2.5% the plant grains and leaves ad libitum for 50 days during experiment. At the end of the 50 days experiment, TCA and the plant's infusions caused different affect on the serum marker enzymes, tissues antioxidant defense systems and lipid peroxidation against TCA-exposed in rats with comparison to those of TCA exposed and control rats. According to the results, both TCA and TCA + plants infusions caused a significant increase in serum AST, ALT and CPK activity. Non-enzymic antioxidant GSH level significantly increased in the brain whereas reduced in the erythrocytes and kidney of TCA + FV and TCA + SO as compared to TCA group and control. While MDA content slightly increased in tissues of TCA group in comparison to those of control, significantly decreased in the brain, liver and kidney of rats of TCA + FV and TCA + SO groups as compared to TCA group and control. Antioxidative enzyme activity such as CAT and SOD significantly increased in the brain, liver and kidney tissues of TCA induced group whereas reduced the same enzymes activities as compared to TCA group. The ancillary enzyme GR activity significantly depleted in the brain and kidney of TCA + FV and TCA + SO groups in comparison to those of TCA exposed and control rats. In addition, the drug metabolizing enzyme GST activity significantly declined in the brain and kidney of TCA + FV and TCA + SO groups in comparison to those of TCA exposed and control rats, whereas, also reduced in the liver of TCA + FV and TCA + SO groups in comparison to those of TCA exposed rats. It was concluded that the levels of serum marker enzymes were found not to be decreased in plants treated groups due to hepatic damage induced by TCA. Also the four antioxidant enzymes were found to be activated in different degrees following TCA treatment and declined the activation of the enzymes the plant infusions accompanied by significant reduction in MDA concentration in the tissues. The observations, along with changes, might suggest that the both FV and SO may possess antioxidant properties during the period of a 50-day protective exposure.
Evaluation of Neurotoxic and Immunotoxic Effects of Trichloroacetic Acid on Rats
(Sage Publications inc, 2010) Celik, Ismail; Isik, Ismail; Kaya, Mehmet Salih
This study was carried out to investigate the neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) on rats at subchronic exposure. The neurotoxic effects of TCA were evaluated by measuring the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Biomarkers selected for immunotoxic monitoring were the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in various tissues of rats exposed to 2000 parts per million (ppm) dosage of TCA for 52 days. Results showed that the administrations of TCA decreased BChE activities in heart and lungs tissue of the rats treated with TCA. With regard to the immunotoxic effects, ADA activity significantly decreased in the heart, lungs and spleen whereas MPO activity increased after subchronic exposure with 2000 ppm dosage in all of the tissues except for heart tissue of rats compared with controls. The observations presented led us to conclude that the administration of TCA at subchronic was decreased BChE and ADA activities whereas increased MPO activity in various tissues of rats. This may reflect the potential role of these parameters as useful biomarkers for toxicity of TCA.
Evalution of Toxicity of Abcisic Acid and Gibberellic Acid in Rats: 50 Days Drinking Water Study
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) Celik, Ismail; Tuluce, Yasin; Isik, Ismail
In the present study, the influence of subchronic effects of two plant growth regulators (PGRs) [Abcisic acid (ABA) and Gibberellic acid (GA(3))] on antioxidant defense systems [ reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase ( SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase ( CAT)] and lipid peroxidation level ( malondialdehyde MDA) in various tissues of the rat were investigated during treatment as a drinking water model. 75 ppm of ABA and GA3 in drinking water were continuously administered orally to rats (Sprague-Dawley albino) ad libitum for 50 days. The PGRs treatments caused different effects on the antioxidant defense systems and MDA content of dosed rats compared to controls. The lipid peroxidation end product MDA significantly increased in the lungs, heart and kidney of rats treated with GA(3) without significant change in the spleen. ABA caused also a significant increase in MDA content in the spleen, lungs, heart and kidney. The GSH levels were significantly depleted in the spleen, lungs and stomach of rats treated with ABA without any change in the tissues of rats treated with GA(3) except the kidney where it increased. Antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD significantly increased in the lungs and stomach and decreased in the spleen and heart tissues of rats treated with GA(3). Meanwhile, SOD significantly decreased in the spleen, heart and kidney and increased in the lungs of rats treated with ABA. While CAT activity significantly decreased in the lungs of rats treated with GA(3), a significant increase occurred in the heart of rats treated with both PGRs. On the other hand, the ancillary enzyme GR activity in the tissues were either significantly depleted or not changed with PGRs treatment. The drug metabolizing enzyme GST activity significantly decreased in the lungs of rats treated with ABA but increased in the stomach of rats treated with both PGRs. As a conclusion, the rats resisted oxidative stress via the antioxidant mechanism. But the antioxidant mechanism could not prevent the increases in lipid peroxidation in rat's tissues. This data, along with changes, suggests that PGRs produced substantial systemic organ toxicity in the spleen, lungs, stomach, heart and kidney during a 50-day period of subchronic exposure.
Hepatoprotective Role and Antioxidant Capacity of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum) Flowers Infusion Against Trichloroacetic Acid-Exposed in Rats
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2009) Celik, Ismail; Temur, Atilla; Isik, Ismail
This study was designed to investigate the protective and antioxidant properties of Punica granatum (PG) beverage against trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-exposure in rats. The hepatopreventive and antioxidant potential of the plant's infusion was evaluated by measuring level of serum enzymes, antioxidant defense systems (ADS) and lipid peroxidation content in various organs of rats. Three experimental groups: A (untreated = control), B (only TCA-treated) and C (TCA+PG treated). According to the results, while the levels of AST and ALT increased significantly in B groups' they decreased significantly in the C groups'. LDH and CK did not change significantly in B groups' whereas decreased significantly in the C groups'. Liver, brain, kidney and heart tissues MDA content significantly increased in B groups', whereas no significant changes were observed in the C groups'. On the other hand, SOD decreased significantly in liver of the B group but did not change significantly in the C groups'. GST activity increased significantly in liver, brain and spleen of C group while significant decrease was observed for kidney as compared to those of control. Hence, the study reveals that constituents present in PG impart protection against carcinogenic chemical induced oxidative injury that may result in development of cancer during the period of a 52-day protective exposure. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Influence of Subacute Treatment of Some Plant Growth Regulators on Serum Marker Enzymes and Erythrocyte and Tissue Antioxidant Defense and Lipid Peroxidation in Rats
(Wiley, 2006) Celik, Ismail; Tuluce, Yasin; Isik, Ismail
This study aims to investigate the effects of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-dichlorofenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)) on serum marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), antioxidant defense systems (reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT)), and lipid peroxidation content (malondialdehyde = MDA) in various tissues of rats. 50 and 100 ppm of PGRs as drinking water were administered orally to rats (Sprague-Dawley albino) ad libitum for 25 days continuously. The PGRs treatment caused different effects on the serum marker enzymes, antioxidant defense systems, and the MDA content in experimented rats compared to controls. Results showed that TIBA caused a significant decrease in serum AST activity with both the dosage whereas serum CPK was significantly increased with 100 ppm dosage of TIBA. Meanwhile, serum AST, CPK, and LDH activities were significantly increased with both dosage of NAA and 2,4-D. The lipid peroxidation end-product MDA significantly increased in the all tissues treated with both dosages of PGRs without any change in the brain and erythrocyte of rats treated with both the dosages of 2,4-D. The GSH depletion in the kidney and brain tissues of rats treated with both dosages of PGRs was found to be significant. Furthermore, the GSH depletion in the erythrocyte of rats treated with both dosages of PGRs except 50 ppm dosage of 2,4-D was significant too. Also, the GSH level in the liver was significantly depleted with 50 ppm of 2,4-D and NAA, whereas the GSH depletion in the same tissue did not significantly change with the treatment. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was also seriously affected by PGRs; SOD significantly decreased in the liver, heart, kidney, and brain of rats treated with both dosages of NAA, whereas the SOD activity in the erythrocytes, liver, and heart was either significantly decreased or not changed with two doses of 2,4-D and TIBA. Although the CAT activity significantly increased in the erythrocyte and brain of rats treated with both doses of PGRs, it was not changed in the liver, heart, and kidney. Meanwhile, the ancillary enzyme GR activity significantly increased in the brain, heart, and liver but decreased in the erythrocyte and kidney of rats treated with both doses of PGRs. The drug-metabolizing enzyme GST activity significantly increased in the heart and kidney but decreased in the brain and erythrocytes of rats treated with both dosages of PGRs. As a conclusion, the results indicate that PGRs might affect antioxidant potential enzymes, the activity of hepatic damage enzymes, and lipid peroxidation dose independently. Also, the rats resisted to oxidative stress via antioxidant mechanism but the antioxidant mechanism could not prevent the increases in lipid peroxidation in rat's tissues. These data, along with the determined changes, suggest that PGRs produced substantial systemic organ toxicity in the erythrocyte, liver, brain, heart, and kidney during the period of a 25-day subacute exposure. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of Neurotoxic and Immunotoxic Effects of Some Plant Growth Regulators at Subacute and Subchronic Applications on Rats
(Sage Publications inc, 2015) Isik, Ismail; Celik, Ismail
The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of subacute and subchronic treatment of some plant growth regulators (PGRs), such as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA(3)), on neurological and immunological biomarkers in various tissues of rats. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butrylcholinesterase (BChE) were selected as biomarkers for neurotoxic biomarkers. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured as indicators for immunotoxic investigation purpose. Wistar albino rats were orally administered with 25 and 50 ppm of PGRs ad libitum for 25-50 days continuously with drinking water. The treatment of PGRs caused different effects on the activities of enzymes. Results showed that the administrations of ABA and GA(3) increased AChE and BChE activities in some tissues of rats treated with both the dosages and periods of ABA and GA(3). With regard to the immunotoxic effects, ADA activity fluctuated, while MPO activity increased after subacute and subchronic exposure of treated rat tissues to both dosages when compared with the controls. The observations presented led us to conclude that the administrations of PGRs at subacute and subchronic exposure increased AChE, BChE, and MPO activities, while fluctuating the ADA activity in various tissues of rats. This may reflect the potential role of these parameters as useful biomarkers for toxicity of PGRs.
Neurotoxic and Immunotoxic Effects of Fenthion and Omethoate on Frogs at Acute Exposure
(Sage Publications inc, 2011) Celik, Ismail; Isik, Ismail; Ozok, Necati; Kaya, M. Salih
The study was carried out to investigate the neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects of fenthion-and omethoateused agricultural areas on frogs (Rana ridibunda) at acute exposure. The neurotoxic effects of the chemicals were evaluated by measuring the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Biomarkers selected for immunotoxic monitoring were the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in various tissues of frogs exposed to 10 or 20 parts per million (ppm) dosages of fenthion and omethoate for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Results showed that the administrations of chemicals fluctuated AChE and BChE activities in some tissues of frogs treated with both dosages at all the periods. With regard to the immunotoxic effects, MPO activity was increased in almost all the tissues of frogs after 10 and 20 ppm dosages and for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours exposure of fenthion and omethoate as compared to those of control whereas ADA activity did not change in all the tissues. This may reflect the potential role of these parameters as useful biomarkers for toxicity of fenthion and omethoate.
Neurotoxic Effects of Subacute Exposure of Dichlorvos and Methyl Parathion at Sublethal Dosages in Rats
(Academic Press inc Elsevier Science, 2009) Celik, Ismail; Isik, Ismail
The present study was designed to understand the effects of sublethal dosages of dichlorvos (DIC) and methyl parathion (MP) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in various tissues of rats exposed to 5 and 10 ppm of DIC and MP in drinking water ad libitum for 28 days continuously. According to the results, AChE activity was significantly decreased in all the tissues of rats treated with both dosages of DIC and MP except for in the lungs treated with both dosages of DIC. With regard to the BChE, MP caused a significant decrease in the liver, heart and lungs with 5 ppm dosage whereas it did not change the BChE activity in the other tissues with two dosages. Also, DIC caused a significant decrease in BChE activity in the heart tissue treated with both dosages and in the brain of rats treated with 5 ppm. The observations presented led us to conclude that the administrations of MP and DIC at sublethal concentrations inhibited AChE and BChE activities in the rats. These results suggest that inhibition of AChE may be a better biomarker for the assessment of neurotoxic effects in the living. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Omethoate Modulates Some Oxidant/Antioxidant Parameters in Frogs (Rana Ridibunda Pallas)
(Sage Publications inc, 2012) Ozkol, Halil; Tuluce, Yasin; Celik, Ismail; Isik, Ismail
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an organophosphorus insecticide omethoate (OM), on certain oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT)) in tongue, lung, stomach and muscle tissues of adult frogs (Rana ridibunda Pallas). Animals were exposed to 10 and 20 parts per million dosages of OM for 24, 48, 72 or 96 h. According to the results, MDA level increased significantly in lung and stomach tissues. GSH content fluctuated in lung and muscle while it elevated in tongue and stomach tissues. With regard to antioxidant enzymes (GST, GR and CAT), their activities reduced in tongue, while they increased in lung and fluctuated in stomach and muscle tissues. It can be concluded that exposure of frogs to OM are characterized by increased MDA levels and fluctuated enzyme activities and GSH contents. This may reflect the potential role of these parameters as useful biomarkers for assessment of OM toxicity.