Browsing by Author "Kale, Cagri"

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Determination of in Vitro Methane Production of Pomegranate Peel and Oregano Pulp Supplementation in Ruminant Diet
(Revista Brasileira Zootecnia Brazilian Journal Animal Sci, 2025) Guney, Mehtap; Kale, Cagri
This study was conducted to determine the effects of adding pomegranate peel and oregano pulp at different levels (2, 4, 6, and 8%) on a dry matter basis to sheep rations on methane production and rumen fermentation using the in vitro gas production technique. In the study, nine experimental groups were formed by adding different levels (2, 4, 6, and 8%) of pomegranate peel and oregano pulp to the total ration mixture (control ration). Each treatment group was designed with four replications. Rumen fluid was taken from two sheep that were fed mainly roughage. For each feed treatment, four gas production syringes were used. A trial design was created using a total of 40 gas production syringes, and four gas production syringes for blank samples. The prepared syringes were incubated for 24 h. The additive levels of pomegranate peel and oregano pulp did not change total gas, methane (%), and methane (mL) production compared with the control treatment. The use of pomegranate peel and oregano pulp for in vitro rations significantly reduced rumen fluid volatile fatty acid (VFA) levels, except for 2% pomegranate peel. In vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy levels of both additives were similar to the control ration. In the study, the addition of pomegranate peel and oregano pulp to total ration mixture at 2, 4, 6, and 8% levels did not change total gas and methane production. Except for the addition of 2% pomegranate peel, the treatments suppressed rumen fluid VFA. Besides, it is thought that the additives used in the study can be used up to 2% in the rations of ruminant animals in regions where they may create waste to reduce feed costs.
Determination of the Yield Characteristics and in Vitro Digestibility of Barley Forage Harvested in Different Vegetation Periods
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2016) Guney, Mehtap; Kale, Cagri; Bolat, Duran; Deniz, Suphi
This study planned to determine the differences among nutrient composition, in vitro digestibility, energy content, digestible dry matter and organic matter yields of barley forage harvested at three different stages of maturity. Each vegetation period (heading stage, seed formation stage and mature stage) was randomly assigned to 5 replication from 1 square meter area and fifteen samples were harvested in total. DM, ADF (p<0.001), and NDF (p<0.05) contents were different in each stages of barley forage. In vitro dry matter (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy for lactation (NEL) values of samples were determined to be lower than the other two stages at the mature stage (p<0.05). Yield parameters of barley were significantly affected by vegetation period (p<0.001). It can be concluded that all three vegetation period had significantly higher digestibility. Digestible DM, OM and energy yields were higher when harvested at the mature stage of vegetation.
The Effect of Molasses and Pre Fermented Lactic Acid Juice on Silage Quality and in Vitro Digestibility of Sugar Beet Pulp Plus Wheat Straw Silage
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2018) Guney, Mehtap; Kale, Cagri; Temur, Cuneyt; Bingol, Nuriye Tugba; Aksu, Taylan
In the present study, the effect of some silage additives (molasses, pre-fermented lactic acid juice and their combination) on silage quality of sugar beet pulp+wheat straw mixture was investigated. For this purpose, 4 groups, each consisted of 6 replicates, were designed; 1) sugar beet pulp+wheat straw mixture (Control), 2) sugar beet pulp+wheat straw mixture plus 2% molasses (M), 3) sugar beet pulp+wheat straw mixture plus pre-fermented lactic acid juice (PFJ, 44.07x10(7) cfu/ml(-1) LAB) and, 4) sugar beet pulp+wheat straw mixture plus 2% molasses+pre-fermented lactic acid juice (M+PFJ). The silages prepared in 1 L glass jars were opened after 60 days. While the amounts of dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of treated-silages were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05), crude protein (CP) levels were not affected by treatment. pH, Fleigh score (FS), and lactic acid amounts were not affected by additives. However, the addition of molasses and PFJ decreased the NH3-N concentration of the silages compared to the control group (P <0.05). The M+PFJ addition decreased the acetic and propionic acid concentrations of the silages compared to those of the control group (P <0.05). As a result, the addition of 2% molasses and/or PFJ to the sugar beet pulp+wheat straw mixture reduced the DM losses of silages and did not affect the silage fermentation parameters and, in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DMD) and organic matter of silages (OMD).
Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Rosemary Oil on Methanogenic Bacteria Density, Blood and Rumen Parameters and Meat Quality of Fattening Lambs
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Guney, Mehtap; Karaca, Serhat; Erdogan, Sibel; Kor, Askin; Kale, Cagri; Onalan, Sukru; Bingol, Nuriye Tugba
This study aimed to determine the effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oil (REO) in lamb fattening diets on blood, rumen parameters, fattening performance and meat quality. Thirty Norduz male lambs weaned at 4 months of age with average body weight 22.0 +/- 4.41 kg were used. Lambs were divided into three groups: no rosemary oil (control, R0), with 250 mg/kg DM (R250) and with 500 mg/kg DM (R500) rosemary oil added to the basal ration, and fed for 70 d. The daily feed intake of the R500 lambs (1.63 kg) was lower than other groups (1.70 kg) (p = .01). Rosemary oil did not change the density of methane-producing bacteria in the rumen fluid. Rumen pH was 6.31 in R250 lambs, while it was 6.16 in control (p < .04). The proportion of propionic acid (PA) increased in R250 (26.5 molar%) and R500 (26.0 molar%) lambs compared to control lambs (22.7 molar%) (p < .001). Serum glucose levels increased with REO dose (p < .01) and serum IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in R250 lambs (p < .001). The dose rates of REO used in fattening lambs had limited effect on fattening performance, carcase and meat quality. The results showed that although it does not affect the final live weight, the negative effect of REO on feed intake at 500 mg/kg was considered as a limiting factor and 250 mg/kg dose of REO may have positive effects on ruminal fermentation. Hence, it may be beneficial to try doses lower than 500 mg in further studies.
Effects on Performance, Egg Quality Criteria and Cholesterol Level of Adding Different Ratios Flaxseed Oil Instead of Sunflower Oil To Compound Feed of Laying Hens
(Galenos Publ House, 2022) Altacli, Selcuk; Bingol, Nuriye Tugba; Deniz, Suphi; Bolat, Duran; Kale, Cagri; Kizilirmak, Fatma
This study was conducted to examine the effect on performance, egg quality criteria and egg cholesterol level of adding different ratios of flaxseed oil instead of sunflower oil to the compound feed of laying hens. A total of 210, 30-week old Lohmann LSL laying hens were acquired for the study. The study groups consisted of a control group (5% sunflower oil (SO) + 0% flaxseed oil (FO) and trial 1 (4% SO + 1% FO), trial 2 (3% SO + 2% FO), trial 3 (2% SO + 3% FO), trial 4 (1% SO + 4% FO) and trial 5 (0% SO + 5% FO) groups. The study lasted for 8 weeks. The feed consumption was not different among the experimental groups. Feed utilization rate was higher in group 2 compared to those of other between 0-8 weeks (P<0.001). Between weeks 0 to 8, all trial groups were found have significantly higher levels of linoleic acid, one of the fatty acids found in yolk, compared to the control group (P<0.001). Additives were not found to affects levels of cholesterol in yolk, with no significant differences found between groups. In short, sunflower oil and flaxseed oil added to laying hen rations did not create any differences in terms of egg quality criteria or egg cholesterol levels, but higher levels of flaxseed oil added to the rations resulted in linearly higher levels of linolenic acid content of yolk, and use of the two oil additives together increased egg yields.
Forage Turnip (Brassica Rapa) Harvested in Different Phases of Vegetative Stage and Ensiled With the Additives of Molasses and Barley and the Effects of Additives on Silage Quality, in Vitro Digestibility, and Energy Content
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Yildiz, Serhat; Deniz, Suphi; Ozkan, Fatma; Kale, Cagri
This study was conducted to determine the silage quality, in vitro digestibility and energy content of forage turnip (Brassica rapa) ensiled with molasses or ground barley. Forage turnip was harvested at three different stages: the beginning, middle and end of the flowering period, and it was ensiled with no additive (control), 5% molasses or 4% ground barley. In the trial, pH, nutrient contents, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) contents, volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents, Fleig scores, in vitro digestibility and energy content were determined. It was observed that the effect of the vegetative stage on the difference between the groups was significant (p < 0.05). Accordingly, with the progression of the vegetative stage, the contents of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) showed an increase while a decrease was observed in crude protein (CP). The effects of the additives on the difference between the groups were found to be significant except for the CP parameter (p < 0.05). Molasses and barley addition to the silages increased DM, OM and EE contents and reduced the levels of NDF and ADF. With the progression of the vegetative stage, lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) values decreased while pH values and Fleig scores increased. The effects of additives were found to be insignificant for all parameters except for AA and Fleig scores. As the vegetative stage progressed, the dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), digestible energy (DE), metabolic energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL) values of the silages decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The addition of molasses or barley, compared to the control, resulted in a significant increase in the levels of DMD, OMD, DE, ME, and NEL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in parallel with the progression of the vegetative stage, the DMD, OMD, DE, ME, and NEL values of the silages decreased, increasing with the addition of the additives, and the obtained silages were of high-quality as alternative quality roughage in ruminant feeding.
Role of Beta Glucan in Animal Nutrition
(2015) Bingöl, Nuriye Tuğba; Kale, Cagri
Beta-Glukanın Hayvan Beslemedeki RolüAntibiyotikler yem katkı maddesi olarak hayvan beslemede uzun yıllar kullanılmıştır. Fakat son yıllarda antibiyotiklerin hayvan beslemede kullanılmasının olumlu sonuçları yanında, bazı olumsuz sonuçları nedeniyle araştırmacılar bu maddelerin yerine kullanılabilecek alternatif yem katkı maddeleri üzerinde çalışmalara yoğunlaşmıştır. Antibiyotiklere alternatif olarak kullanılan yem katkı maddelerinden bir tanesi beta-glukandır (?- glukan). ?-glukan; bakteri, maya, mantar ve likenler ile arpa, yulaf ve çavdar gibi tane yemlerin hücre duvarlarından elde edilen ve nişasta olmayan bir polisakkarittir (NOP). Son zamanlarda; hem hayvanlar üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinden, hem de antibiyotikler gibi olumsuz etkileri olmadığından ?glukana olan ilgi artmıştır. Bu derlemede; ?-glukanın hayvan beslemede immun sistem, performans ve kan parametreleri üzerine olan etkilerinden bahsedilecektir.