Browsing by Author "Kankaya, E."

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Determination of Hormones Inducing Oocyte Maturation in Chalcalburnus Tarichi (Pallas, 1811)
(Springer, 2008) Unal, G.; Erdogan, E.; Oguz, A. R.; Kaptaner, B.; Kankaya, E.; Elp, M.
Chalcalburnus tarichi is an endemic cyprinid species living in the Lake Van basin, in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The present study was undertaken to determine which hormones induce oocyte maturation in C. tarichi. The levels of 17 alpha,20 beta,21-trihydroxyprogesterone (20 beta-S), progesterone (P), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-HOP), 11-deoxycortisol (11-DOC), and 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone (17,20 beta-P) were measured in fish caught from Lake Van and the Karasu River, and injected with human chorionic hormone (hCG) (1,000 and 1,500 IU/kg). Oocytes of fish caught from the lake were also incubated in vitro with different doses (50, 200, and 1,000 ng/ml) of 20 beta-S, 17 alpha-HOP, 11-DOC, and 17,20 beta-P. 11-DOC was found to be the most effective hormone among those measured for inducing oocyte maturation in vivo and in vitro. 17,20 beta-P could not be determined in the plasma of any fish in vivo (P < 0.05). 1,000 IU/kg dose of hCG given by injection caused a statistically significant increase in all plasma hormone levels (P < 0.05). It was found that there was a significant decrease in the P level only at 1,500 IU/kg dose of hCG injected (P < 0.05), while the level of other hormones increased at this dose (P < 0.05). It was also determined that all the hormones were effective in germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in in vitro oocyte culture (P < 0.05). However, 11-DOC was found to be the most effective hormone in GVBD at a dose of 200 ng/ml (70% GVBD). In conclusion, 11-DOC synthesized during final oocyte maturation in C. tarichi was found to be a potent inducer of GVBD, which shows that 11-DOC may be described as an oocyte maturation steroid in this species.
Determination of Microbial Changes in Freshwater Mussel Unio Stevenianus (Krynicki, 1837) Living in a River Contaminated With Sewage and Livestock Waste by Ngs
(Pleiades Publishing inc, 2024) Kankaya, E.
The rise in human population has led to the expansion of settlements and an increase in the types and amounts of wastes released into the aquatic environment. Bivalves have an important place among the invertebrate communities of freshwater environments. Mussels remove suspended substances from the water and contribute significantly to the regulation of the physical properties of water. This study was conducted to determine the microbiome load in the intestinal tissue of the freshwater mussel Unio stevenianus (Bivalvia: Unionidae) living in Karasu River. Amplification of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragment was performed in tissue samples. Bacterial species were divided into operational taxonomic units using the Kraken metagenomics program. The percentage bacterial distribution with the highest reading sequence at the phylum level was determined as Bacteroidota > Bacillota > Pseudomonadota > Actinomycetota > Cyanobacteriota > Campylobacterota in Ar & imath;su samples; while in Zeve samples, it was determined as Pseudomonadota > Actinomycetota > Bacillota > Bacteroidota > Cyanobacteriota > Campylobacterota. The detection of various bacterial phylum indicates that the water environment in which the mussel samples were collected is exposed to a large number of bacterial sources, especially domestic waste. The continued existence of freshwater mussels is necessary for them to fulfill their important duties in the ecosystem. To achieve this, uncontrolled and untreated waste discharges should be abandoned. Pollutants in the water and mussel populations should also be monitored through a monitoring program.
Hematological and Biochemical Response in the Blood of Alburnus Tarichi (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) Exposed To Tebuconazole
(Scientific Society of Szczecin, 2020) Çilingir Yeltekin, A.; Oğuz, A.R.; Kankaya, E.; Özok, N.; Güneş, İ.
Background. Lake Van, the second-largest soda lake in the world, has a pH 9.8 value. A fish, locally known as Van fish, Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814), is an endemic fish of Lake Van and known also as pearl mullet, tarek, or Van bleak. Tebuconazole is a widely used pesticide around Lake Van. In this study, we will focus on the effects of tebuconazole on Van fish blood to provide critical information on the environmental risk assessment of pesticides in various aquatic environments. Materials and methods. The Van fish were exposed to tebuconazole for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h at a concentration of 2.5 mg ·L–1. Subsequently, the resulting hematological and biochemical parameters were determined. Results. There was a statistically significant decrease in erythrocytes (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) in the blood parameters (P < 0.05). The levels of serum, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, and creatine increased significantly (P < 0.05). The serum cortisol level increased significantly at all hours after the administration of tebuconazole (P < 0.05). Conclusions. As a result, toxicity caused by pesticides caused negative changes in the biochemical and hematological values of Van fish. Changes in these parameters have shown that it can be used as a biomarker for toxicity. © 2020, Scientific Society of Szczecin. All rights reserved.
A Histological Examination of the Sublethal Effects of Methyl Parathion on the Liver, Gills and Gonads of Alburnus Tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814)
(Hashemite University, 2023) Kankaya, E.; Ünal, G.
Pesticides are chemicals used to control a wide variety of animals and plants. Methyl parathion (MP) is an organic phosphorus insecticide used in agriculture against animal organisms that damage the crop. Pesticides can reach water resources in different ways. May affect non-target organisms such as fish to varying degrees. Since fish is a valuable nutrient in human nutrition, its sustainability is very important. For this reason, sublethal effects of MP on Alburnus tarichi, which is economically important for the Lake Van basin, were studied. This study was carried out to determine the pathological effects of MP on the gonad, gill and liver tissues of Alburnus tarichi. Fish weighing 3‒7 g were used in the study. The semi-static test method was applied. Fish were exposed to 4.28 mg L-1 MP. The bioassay was carried out at 17.9 °C for 30 days. At the end of the test, gonad, gill and liver tissues were removed from the dissected fish for pathological evaluations. In the examinations made, cells with eosinophilic and fat accumulation in the liver, local necrosis and enlarged vessels, and yellow colored structures were determined. Thickened primary lamella, folded secondary lamella and epithelial layer separations were observed in the gills. No pathology was found in ovarian cells. Degeneration in the germ cells in the mitotic phase, interstitial tissue containing eosinophilic cell groups, enlarged follicle lumen and bleeding were observed in the testes that were not in the mitotic phase. As a result, MP is a chronic toxic substance according to histological criteria for Alburnus tarichi. MP should be used in agriculture in a controlled and careful way. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Histological Study of the Organogenesis of the Digestive System and Swim Bladder of the Chalcalburnus Tarichi Pallas, 1811 (Cyprinidae)
(2001) Ünal, G.; Çetinkaya, O.; Kankaya, E.; Elp, M.
The histological development of the digestive system and swim bladder of Chalcalburnus tarichi larvae and their histology in adults were studied under light microscopy. After hatching, the digestive tract is a simple undifferentiated tube. Exogenous feeding started on the 6th day. The yolk sac was absorbed completely on the 9th day. The goblet cells appeared first in the bucco-pharyngeal cavity and oesophagus on the 4th day, in the anterior on the 9th day and in the posterior intestine on the 5th day. The digestive tract was differentiated as the buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus post-eosophageal swelling and intestine on the 5th day. At the same time taste buds and pharyngeal teeth also started to form. In the oesophagus, the circular muscle was observed on the 9th day and the longitudinal muscle in one-year-old fish. In the intestine, the circular muscle was observed on the 35th day and the longitudinal muscle in two-year-old individuals. The wall of the digestive tract is composed of epithelial, submucosa, muscle and serosa layers. The liver lobules formed on the 3rd day and the cells began to reserve glycogen on the 10th day. The pancreatic acina formed on the 5th day and the tubular in one-year-old fish. The liver and pancreas ducts opened into the anterior intestine before the exogenous feeding started. The swim bladder was observed as one lobuled on the 4.5th day and two lobuled on the 35th day.
Histopathology and Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Chalcalburnus Tarichi Living in Lake Van, Turkey
(Zhengzhou University, 2014) Kaptaner, B.; Kankaya, E.; Doǧan, A.; Çelik, I.
To assess the environmental quality in the Lake Van, Chalcalburnus tarichi, the only vertebrate and an endemic carp species of this lake basin, samples were collected from the lake, and their livers were examined histologically for this purpose. Histological alterations were recorded and evaluated semi-quantitatively based on the liver lesion categories and their severities. According to the results, five of a total of forty samples displayed normal (healthy) liver architecture, but the others displayed various histopathological alterations, including hepatocyte vacuolization, fatty degeneration, increase in melanomacrophage centers, necrosis, infiltration, congestion, fibrosis, single cell necrosis, bile duct alterations, glycogen depletion and nuclear pleomorphism. Liver index values were calculated and found to be changed between 2 and 50 (≤4 for fish with normal livers (FwNL) and ≥8-50 for fish with histopathological livers (FwHL). We also investigated oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) in FwHL as compared with FwNL. LPO and CAT were found to be significantly higher in FwHL, indicating increased oxidative stress. The results revealed that the observed histological and biochemical alterations in the livers of C. tarichi reflect the effects of environmental stressors present in the lake water causing pollution.
Increased Apoptosis in the Liver of Chalcalburnus Tarichi Exposed To Sublethal Concentrations of Methyl Parathion
(Nobel Science and Research Center, 2014) Kankaya, E.; Kaptaner, B.
In the present study, the effect of methyl parathion (MP), an extensively used organophosphorus insecticide in agriculture, on liver apoptosis in Chalcalburnus tarichi, an endemic carp species of the Lake Van Basin of Turkey, was investigated. For this purpose, fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (1.47, 3.0, and 6.11 mg/L) of MP for 30 days under semistatic conditions. Following exposure, sections taken from the liver were stained using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling method for the examination of apoptosis, and then apoptotic hepatocytes were evaluated as the apoptotic index (AI). According to the results, the AI was significantly enhanced at MP concentrations of 3.0 and 6.11 mg/L. In conclusion, the present study indicates that MP has apoptosis-inducing potential in the liver of C. tarichi and MP-dependent hepatotoxicity causally related to the increase in the apoptosis.
Reproduction of Barbel in Dam Lake, Turkey
(indian veterinary Journal, 2006) Elp, M.; Sen, F.; Cetinkaya, O.; Kankaya, E.; Unal, G.
The subspecies of Barbel Barbus plebejus ercisianus was first identified by Karaman (1971). The most important characteristics features of this subspecies from other subspecies are less developed bony rays of the dorsal fin, short gill spines, color, long pectoral fins, and the less developed mid lobe of the lower lip (Karaman loc. cit). Koqkopru Dam Lake (KDL) is in Turkey's East Anatolian region, within the Lake Van basin. The dam was constructed on the Zilan River for irrigation and electricity, while commercial fishing is also practiced. Estimated surface area of the lake is 6.15 km(2), its storage capacity is 86 W, its depth 48.5 m and altitude is 1778.5 m at maximum water level. The dam lake is fed by the Zilan River, Ilica, Komorcu and Kunduk streams, and by precipitation. The aim of this study was to determine reproduction biology of the species in a new constructed habitat and use this knowledge to conserve and manage the population.
A Study of the Some Growth Parameters of Barbel (Barbus Plebejus Ercisianus, Karaman, 1971) Living in the Koçköprü Dam Lake Basin-Turkey
(2006) Elp, M.; Çetinkaya, O.; Kankaya, E.; Şen, F.; Ünal, G.
This study was carried out to determine some growth parameters of barbel populations living in the Koçköprü Dam Lake and its inlets between April 2000 and October 2001. The barbel species are shown a widespread distribution in Turkey. The species is native in study area, has economic value and is fished local fishermen. A total of 324 individuals were sampled. The maximum age of individuals was determined as VII, fork length was 33.8 cm and weight was 428.0 g. Females were found larger than males in size. Condition factor values were determined as 1.210±0.009 for males, 1.266±0.017 for females and 1.293±0.030 for juveniles. In overall, condition factor of females was higher than males. Length-weight relationship was determined for whole samples as logW = -1.841+2.934 logL. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Sublethal Toxicity of Formaldehyde in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758)
(Centenary University, 2017) Kankaya, E.; Kaptaner, B.
Formaldehyde (FA) is widely used as an antiparasitic agent and a general disinfectant in aquaculture and ornamental fish farming. This study was conducted to determine the chronic toxic effects of FA on carp. Cyprinus carpio fish with an average weight of 9.8±3.1 g and an average length of 7.3±0.7 cm was chronically exposed to FA using a semi-static test method. Sublethal concentrations were applied at 0, 20, 30, 40 mgL-1. The bioassay was continued at 23°C for 60 days. Fish samples were taken at 15, 30 and 60 days for analysis and evaluation. The fish were dissected and the liver and gills tissue were removed. Histological examinations were performed on the liver and gills tissue from fish. Glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity were also determined in the removed tissues. Morphological changes in the tissues were determined as proliferation in surface epithelial cells in the gill primer lamella, cleavage in the epithelial layer in the lamella of the seconder, and vacuolization in the liver. GST is significantly reduced in the liver at 40 mgL-1 at 15 days; SOD significantly decreased in the liver at 20, 30 mgL-1 in 15 days; CAT was significantly altered in the liver and gill at 30 mgL-1 in 15, and 60 days. With this study, it can be considered that FA has a slight toxic effect for the criteria examined in carp. Because FA is widely used in aquaculture, avoiding uncontrolled and unnecessary use will reduce the adverse biological effects that may occur. © 2017, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
Susceptibility of Fluvalinate and Esfenvalerate on Adult Tarek Alburnus Tarichi (Güldenstädt 1814)
(Sciendo, 2023) Kankaya, E.
Fluvalinate and esfenvalerate are pyrethroid insecticides and are used to control insect pests. These pesticides can enter the aquatic environment in different ways after use, causing toxicity. Tarek is a fish of the Cyprinidae family native to the Lake Van basin in Turkey. This study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of fluvalinate and esfenvalerate to adult tarek. In the bioassays, tarek with an average length of 20.6±1.2 cm and an average weight of 93.9±14.0 g were used for fluvalinate, while an average length of 19.7±1.2 cm and an average weight of 85.5±16.6 g were used for esfenvalerate. Fish were exposed to fluvalinate using the semi-static test method, and esfenvalerate using the static test method. The toxicity tests were performed under the natural photoperiod. The concentrations used for fluvalinate were 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60 μg L-1, while for esfenvalerate they were 0.33, 0.67, 1.00, 1.34 μg L-1. The tests were performed at 13±1 °C for 96 hours with dechlorinated tap water. At the end of the toxicity tests, the mean lethal concentration (LC50) of fluvalinate after 96 hours was determined to be 0.338 (0.230-0.477) μg L-1 and the above concentration of esfenvalerate was determined to be 0.475 (0.293-0.640) μg L-1 for adult tarek. Tarek exposed to fluvalinate and esfenvalerate showed toxic effects throughout the test, such as splashing, vigorous and then slower swimming, loss of balance, increased respiratory rate and contraction. Consequently, fluvalinate and esfenvalerate were found to be highly toxic to tarek and therefore the concentration of fluvalinate should not exceed 0.003 μg L-1, and that of esfenvalerate should not exceed 0.005 μg L-1 in freshwater environments where tarek lives. © 2023 Ertuǧrul Kankaya, published by Sciendo.