Browsing by Author "Kaplan, Suleyman"

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The Effect of Prenatal Exposure of a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug on the Optic Nerve of Female Rats: a Stereological, Histological, and Electron Microscopic Study
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Kaplan, Suleyman; Esrefoglu, Mukaddes; Aktas, Abit; Gul, Mehmet; Onger, Mehmet Emin; Altunkaynak, M. Eyup; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin
Objective: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can have adverse effects for in both mother and fetus following administration during the prenatal period. If given during pregnancy, diclofenac sodium (DS), an NSAID, is given during the pregnancy, may also affect the development of the central nervous system (CNS) or related structures. Methods: Pregnant rats were separated into pure control (PG), saline (SG) and diclofenac groups (DG). A daily dose of 1 mg/kg of DS and 1 mL/kg saline was injected intraperitoneally to the DG and SG groups, respectively, from the 5th gestation day for a 15 day of period; the PG group received no treatment. After spontaneous delivery, female offspring were obtained from all groups. After the 20th week of postnatal life, the animals (n = 6 for each group) were perfused and the right optic nerves were resected. Sections were subjected to stereological and histological analysis. Results: There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between PG, SG and DG groups with respect to myelin thickness, axonal cross-sectional area, axon numerical density, total section area of optic nerve and axon number. Conclusions: Histological and stereological results indicated that treatment with DS or saline produced undesirable effects on female rat optic nerve development and myelinization with respect to morphology.
Effect of Prenatal Exposure To an Anti-Inflammatory Drug on Neuron Number in Cornu Ammonis and Dentate Gyrus of the Rat Hippocampus
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2007) Gokcimen, Alpaslan; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Bas, Orhan; Tunc, Ayten Turkkani; Aslan, Huseyin; Yazici, A. Canan; Kaplan, Suleyman
Prenatal exposed to an anti-inflammatory drug is a major problem for the developing central nervous system. It is not well known the effect of prenatal exposed to a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on the hippocampus. Total neuron number in one side of the cornu ammonis (CA) and gyrus dentatus (GD) of the hippocampal formation in control and drug-treated (diclofenac sodium, DS) groups of male rats was estimated using the optical fractionator technique. Each main group has also two subgroups that are 4 weeks old (4W-old) and 20 weeks old (20W-old). In CA, no significant difference between 4W-old DS-treated and their control was found, but a significant difference was observed between 20W-old DS-treated and their controls. A decreasing of neuron number was 12% for 20W-old DS-treated group. In GD, a decreasing of the granule cell number in 4W-old of DS-treated group was seen but an increasing of granule cell number was found in the 20W-old drug-treated rats in comparison to its control group, 7% and 9%, respectively. Although an increasing of neuron number in CA at the control group was seen with age, from 4th week to 20th week (10%), age-dependent substantial granule cell decline (17%) was observed in GD. No age effect on the total cell numbers of CA and GD of the drug-treated groups was seen in comparison to 4W-old week and 20W-old. A pronounced neuron loss observed in the drug-treated group may be attributed to the neurotoxicity of diclofenac sodium (DS) on the developing hippocampal formation. Age-dependent neuron increase in the CA of 20W-old and neuron decline in GD of 20W-old control groups may be a result of a dual effect of saline injection during the fetal life, since these animals were exposed to a stress of 15-day-period of saline injection, prenatal stress. The reason of no age effect on CA and GD cell number in the drug-treated groups may be attributed to the depletion of the progenitor cells due to neurotoxicity of DS in the fetal life of these animals. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of Prenatal Exposure To Diclofenac Sodium on Purkinje Cell Numbers in Rat Cerebellum: a Stereological Study
(Elsevier, 2007) Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Ozyurt, Birsen; Aslan, Huseyin; Odaci, Ersan; Gokcimen, Alpaslan; Sahin, Bunyamin; Kaplan, Suleyman
Diclofenac sodium (DS) is commonly used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Although several adverse effects are clearly established, it is still unknown whether prenatal exposure to DS has an effect on the development of the cerebellum. In this study, we investigated the total number of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in a control group and in a DS-treated group of male rats using a stereological method. The DS in a dose of 1 mg/kg daily was intraperitoneally injected to the drug-treated group of pregnant rats beginning from the 5th day after mating for a period of 15 days during pregnancy. Physiological serum at 1 ml dose was intraperitoneally injected to the control group of pregnant rats at the same period. After delivery, male offspring were obtained and each main group was divided into two subgroups that were 4-week-old (4W-old) and 20-week-old (20W-old). Our results showed that the total number of Purkinje cells in offspring of drug-treated rats was significantly lower than in the offspring of control animals. These results suggest that the Purkinje cells of a developing cerebellum may be affected by administration of DS during the prenatal period. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of Prenatal Exposure To Diclofenac Sodium on the Male Rat Arteries: a Stereological and Histopathological Study
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Zengin, Halit; Kaplan, Suleyman; Tumkaya, Levent; Altunkaynak, Berrin Zuhal; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Altunkaynak, Muhammed Eyup; Yilmaz, Ozcan
In this study, we investigated the morphometric and histological alterations of the aorta, brachial, and femoral arteries in 4- and 20-week-old rats that were prenatally exposed to diclofenac sodium (DS). For this purpose, pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control, saline injected, and drug treated. Beginning from day 5 after mating through day 15 of pregnancy, saline or DS (1 mg/kg daily) was intraperitoneally injected into groups 2 and 3. No injection was given to the rats in the control group. After spontaneous delivery, male offspring were obtained. At the end of weeks 4 and 20, vessel samples were removed. After dissection and routine histological preparation, histopathological and stereological investigations were made. Our results indicate that both saline and DS application lead to a decrease in the mean volume fraction of tunica media in all vessel walls, but result in an increase of the same fraction of lumen to the whole vessel wall, especially in 4-week-old rats. Elastic fibers of the vessel wall were affected by DS treatment, because a decrease of the elastic fiber was observed in this group. Finally, in light of our findings, we suggest that DS or saline may lead to vascular changes (i.e., vasodilatation or vasoconstriction) in rats that are prenatally subjected to increased volume of maternal blood resulting from injection.
Effects of Ca2+channel Blocker Verapamil on Tissue Regeneration in a Lizard Tail Autotomy Model
(Brill Academic Publishers, 2007) Turgut, Mehmet; Koca, Yucel B.; Kaplan, Suleyman; Metin, Kubilay; Uzum, Nazan; Soylu, Emrah; Olgun, Kurtulus
Ca2+ ions have been reported to augment the activities of many cell types including cellular proliferation and tissue regeneration. Moreover, it is well known that verapamil is a L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ antagonist with important clinical implications. To evaluate the role of Ca2+ ions in the regeneration of tail in lizards, verapamil was used in vivo to modulate the activity of intracellular Ca2+ in a lizard tail autotomy model. A total of 35 adult lizards were divided into three groups: lightness control group (n = 11), darkness group (n = 11) and verapamil treatment group (n = 13). The tails of adult lizards were amputated by pinching off the tail at the 15,h segment from the vent to induce tail regeneration. The first two groups served as untreated constant lightness and darkness groups as controls, but the remaining group received intraperitoneally I mg/kg of verapamil. Following autotomy, the length of regenerating tails was measured at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days post-amputation. At the end of the study, the regenerating tails from animals from each group were removed for collagen assay procedure and histological examination. We found that verapamil produced a reduction in the length of the regenerated tail compared to untreated lightness group and the percentage of tail replaced in verapamil treatment group was lower than those in lightness control group. Total collagen contents were found to be higher in lightness control group in comparison with darkness and verapamil treatment groups. Accordingly, a quantitative stereological evaluation showed a higher percentage of neural tissue and a lower percentage of connective tissue, as well as vascular tissue, in the cross-sections of the regenerated tails taken from Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil-treated lizards, as compared to other groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that verapamil influences a variety of processes including fibroblast collagen production, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis during tail regeneration in lizard, possibly due to inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ ion by verapamil.
Effects of Spermine and the Passive Avoidance Learning (Pal) Following Cerebral Ischemia in Chicks: Association With Neuroprotection of Pyramidal Cells
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Kaplan, Suleyman; Onger, M. Emin; Altunkaynak, B. Zuhal; Elibol, Ebru; Deniz, Omur G.; Karayigit, M. Onder; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of spermine and the passive avoidance learning on hippocampus following transient cerebral ischemia in the chicks. The study is composed of the pure control (CG), sham (SG) and experimental groups (n = 20). Experimental groups (ischemia group, IG and ischemia-spermine group, ISG) were exposed to ischemia for 20 min whereas the SG was exposed to sham operation and CG group was not exposed to any operation. Passive avoidance learning (PAL) was applied to the half number of the subjects in each group. Both before and after 7 days from the ischemia, operated animals were taken to PAL and then they were sacrificed. Total numbers of neurons in the hippocampus were stereologically estimated using Cresyl violet stained sections. We detected that number of neurons was increased following PAL and especially spermine treatment. According to our results, we suggested that spermine may reduce the deleterious effects of the ischemia by causing to increase in the neuronal number and so, it may be slightly supportive to the PAL.
Prenatal Diclofenac Sodium Administration Increases the Number of Purkinje Cells in Female Rats: a Stereological Study
(Wiley, 2010) Odaci, Ersan; Cihan, Omer Faruk; Aslan, Huseyin; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Kaplan, Suleyman
Diclofenac sodium (DS) may affect the number of Purkinje cells in the developing cerebellum since DS can easily be transported from the maternal to the fetal physiological system during the pregnancy. In the present study, the effects of prenatal exposure to DS on the number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of 4-week-old (4W-old) and 20-week-old (20W-old) female rats were investigated. There were two main groups: the drug-treated group (DTG) and the control group (CG). Beginning from the 5th day after mating for a period of 15 days, a daily dose of 1 mg/kg of DS (Voltaren, 75 mg/3 ml ampul, Novartis, Mefar Ilac Sanayi AS., Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey) was intraperitoneally injected in the DTG of pregnant rats. In contrast, a daily dose of 1 ml/kg of isotonic saline was intraperitoneally administered to the CG of pregnant rats during the same period. After spontaneous delivery, female offspring were obtained, and the main groups' offspring were divided into two subgroups as a 4W-old group and a 20W-old group. Therefore, there were four groups at the end of the experiment: the 4W-old DTG and the CG, and the 20W-old DTG and the CC. At the end of 4W and 20W, offspring were perfused, their brains were dissected, and the number of cells estimated via the optical fractionator technique. Our results showed that while the total number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of offspring of DT 20W-old female rats was significantly higher than that of the CG, there was no significant difference between the 4W-old DTG and the control groups. Therefore, it could be suggested that DS administration during the prenatal period increases the number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of a developing female rat throughout postnatal 20W. (C) 2009 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Prenatal Exposure of Diclofenac Sodium Affects Morphology but Not Axon Number of the Median Nerve of Rats
(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2013) Ayranci, Ebru; Altunkaynak, Berrin Zuhal; Aktas, Abit; Ragbetli, Murat C.; Kaplan, Suleyman
The present study examined the effect of DS exposure on median nerve development in rats during prenatal life. Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a saline group and a DS group. Offspring of these animals were divided into 2 subgroups: 4 weeks old and 20 weeks old. Nerve samples were taken from the right legs and evaluated using stereological techniques in terms of the axon number, axon cross-sectional area, and myelin thickness. No drug-dependent macroscopic abnormality was observed in the nerve. No differences were noted for axon number in the control, saline, and DS groups of the same age and gender No gender difference was found for axon number or axon area between the other matched groups. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to diclofenac sodium does not affect axon number in rats, but can alter the morphology of the male and female median nerve.
Prenatal Exposure To a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug or Saline Solution Impairs Sciatic Nerve Morphology: a Stereological and Histological Study
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2008) Canan, Sinan; Aktas, Abit; Ulkay, M. Basak; Colakoglu, Serdar; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Ayyildiz, Mustafa; Kaplan, Suleyman
The toxic effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during development has been widely investigated. While it has been shown that these drugs impair central nervous development and compromise the neural activity, the effects of these substances on the development of peripheral nerves are still not clarified. In the present Study, sciatic nerves withdrawn from three experimental groups of 4-week-old rats, prenatally exposed to either saline solution, or cliclofenac sodium, and controls not exposed to any substance, were evaluated in terms of axon number, cross-sectional area of axon and myelin sheet thickness as well as of the ultrastructure of nerve fibers. Comparisons of stereological estimations among these three groups showed that axon number and mean axon cross-sectional area, but not average myelin sheet thickness, were significantly decreased in rats that were exposed to both diclofenac sodium and also to the saline solution, in comparison of the control group. Electron microscope analysis revealed, in both treated groups, deterioration of myelin sheaths that was more pronounced in rats that were exposed to cliclofenac sodium. Altogether, these findings show that the prenatal administration of both diclofenac sodium and saline solution impairs peripheral nervous system development, thus suggesting that this potential teratogenic effect should be also taken into consideration in the clinical use of these substances in pregnant patients. (C) 2008 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.