Browsing by Author "Kaptaner, B."

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Apoptosis and Cell Proliferation in the Epithelia of the Esophagus and Intestine of Alburnus Tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814 (Cyprinidae) During Migration From Highly Alkaline and Brackish Water To Fresh Water
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2019) Ceylan, S.; Kaptaner, B.
In this study, cellular turnover in the epithelia of the esophagus and intestine of the anadromous Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi) that migrated from the highly alkaline and brackish water of Lake Van to fresh water were investigated by apoptosis and cell proliferation. Toward this aim, fish were collected from or near the entrance to Lake Van, and upstream in a freshwater stream (Karasu). The tissues were subjected to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling and proliferating cell nuclear antigen stainings for the detection of apoptosis or cell proliferation, and were then quantified. In the esophagus epithelium, the apoptotic index (AI) displayed no differences between fish from the lake and those from the freshwater stream. The AI increased significantly at the anterior or mid-intestine epithelia and throughout the intestine epithelium, whereas it remained unchanged in the posterior intestine epithelium of fish from both upstream and at the entrance of the freshwater stream. In the esophagus epithelium, the proliferation index (PI) values decreased gradually in fish from the freshwater stream. The PI increased significantly in the anterior intestine epithelium or throughout the intestinal epithelium of fish collected from the entrance of the stream; however, it did not change along the intestinal epithelium of fish collected upstream in the freshwater stream. It was determined that cellular changes occurred in the esophageal and intestinal epithelium of Lake Van fish during freshwater acclimation. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Determination of Hormones Inducing Oocyte Maturation in Chalcalburnus Tarichi (Pallas, 1811)
(Springer, 2008) Unal, G.; Erdogan, E.; Oguz, A. R.; Kaptaner, B.; Kankaya, E.; Elp, M.
Chalcalburnus tarichi is an endemic cyprinid species living in the Lake Van basin, in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The present study was undertaken to determine which hormones induce oocyte maturation in C. tarichi. The levels of 17 alpha,20 beta,21-trihydroxyprogesterone (20 beta-S), progesterone (P), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-HOP), 11-deoxycortisol (11-DOC), and 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone (17,20 beta-P) were measured in fish caught from Lake Van and the Karasu River, and injected with human chorionic hormone (hCG) (1,000 and 1,500 IU/kg). Oocytes of fish caught from the lake were also incubated in vitro with different doses (50, 200, and 1,000 ng/ml) of 20 beta-S, 17 alpha-HOP, 11-DOC, and 17,20 beta-P. 11-DOC was found to be the most effective hormone among those measured for inducing oocyte maturation in vivo and in vitro. 17,20 beta-P could not be determined in the plasma of any fish in vivo (P < 0.05). 1,000 IU/kg dose of hCG given by injection caused a statistically significant increase in all plasma hormone levels (P < 0.05). It was found that there was a significant decrease in the P level only at 1,500 IU/kg dose of hCG injected (P < 0.05), while the level of other hormones increased at this dose (P < 0.05). It was also determined that all the hormones were effective in germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in in vitro oocyte culture (P < 0.05). However, 11-DOC was found to be the most effective hormone in GVBD at a dose of 200 ng/ml (70% GVBD). In conclusion, 11-DOC synthesized during final oocyte maturation in C. tarichi was found to be a potent inducer of GVBD, which shows that 11-DOC may be described as an oocyte maturation steroid in this species.
Determination of Plasma Vitellogenin Levels and Localization of Vitellogenin in Liver of Lake Van Pearl Mullet (Chalcalburnus Tarichi Pallas, 1811)
(Iranian Fisheries Science Research inst-ifsri, 2015) Oguz, A. R.; Unal, G.; Kaptaner, B.
This study focused on hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic index and levels of plasma 17 beta-estradiol (E-2), vitellogenin (Vtg) and total protein and determined the localization of Vtg in the liver during vitellogenesis in female Chalcalburnus tarichi, an endemic cyprinid species living in the Lake Van, Turkey. The levels of plasma E-2, Vtg and total protein in female fish increased during vitellogenesis and they are positively correlated with each other. According to the results from the female fish, the lowest levels of E-2 and Vtg were measured in December at 120.60 +/- 23.38 pg ml(-1) and 1.10 +/- 0.26 mg ml(-1), respectively. The highest levels of plasma E-2 and Vtg were in May (833.40 +/- 211.58 pg ml(-1)) and April (31.31 +/- 4.9 mg ml(-1)), respectively. The Vtg-positive hepatocytes were not uniform in liver of fishes. Generally, the hepatocytes surrounding the portal and central veins were strongly Vtg positive. These results showed that plasma Vtg levels in female fish increased during vitellogenesis related to plasma E-2 and gonadosomatic index.
Gonadal Histology and Some Biochemical Characteristics of Chalcalburnus Tarichi (Pallas, 1811) Having Abnormal Gonads
(Springer, 2007) Unal, G.; Turkoglu, V.; Oguz, A. R.; Kaptaner, B.
The gonad histology, gonado-somatic index (GSI), 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the carp species Chalcalburnus tarichi from Lake Van and the Karasu river, eastern Turkey, have been investigated. Fish between 5 and 7 years old were sampled from November 2003 to February 2004. The ratio of female fish caught in Lake Van with abnormal ovaries (AbOF) was 43.3%, but the fork length and body weight of these fish were not correlated with this abnormality. The weight of the ovaries and the GSI values of AbOF were very low (P < 0.05). Histological observations on the samples caught each month revealed that the oocytes had degenerated in the perinucleolus and early cortical alveolus stages and that the ovaries were full of somatic stromal tissue. In addition, the seminiferous tubules of male fish with abnormal testes did not contain male reproductive cells at any stage. The ovaries of the fish caught from the Karasu river were also full of oocytes in the perinucleolus and early cortical alveolus stages, but there were fewer atretic follicles. Furthermore, apoptosis was observed in the ovary cells of these fish, in particular in the follicular cells, and the plasma E-2 levels of the AbOF was very low (P < 0.05). AChE activity was inhibited only in liver (P < 0.05). We conclude that our sample of C. tarichi must have been exposed to various polluting chemicals or another unknown factors (such as global warming) and that these factors have irreversibly impaired oocyte development in a high percentage of fish.
A Histological and Histochemical Study on the Gallbladder of the Alburnus Tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) (Cyprinidae)
(Universidad de la Frontera, 2020) Kaptaner, B.; Aykut, H.; Dogan, E.
In the current study, the histological structure of the gallbladder of Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) was investigated. Hematoxylin and eosin were used to stain the histological sections for routine examinations, in addition to using periodic acid Schiff (PAS) for the neutral mucins, aldehyde fuchsin (AF) for the sulphated mucins, and Alcian blue (AB; pH: 2.5) for the acidic mucins. In addition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immune-staining was performed for the detection of dividing cells among the epithelium. The gallbladder of A. tarichi was composed of mucosa, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia layers. The mucosa covering the wavy pleomorphic folds was made up of tall columnar epithelium and a lamina propria. The apical surface of the epithelial cells was lined by continuous short microvilli. On the epithelium, the luminal surface was remarkably stained with PAS, AF, and AB. Slight to moderate staining was observed on the epithelial cells in the apical zone with PAS. The cytoplasm of epithelial cells were stained in a slight manner with AF. No goblet cells were observed among the epithelium. According to the PCNA immune-staining, some epithelial cells were observed to proliferate. The lamina propria consisted of loose connective tissue that contained fibrocytes, collagen and elastic fibers, capillaries, and small blood vessels. The muscularis layer displayed muscle fibers that were circular, smooth, and surrounded by collagen fibers. The subserosal and serosal or adventitial layers had typical morphology to those of other fish and vertebrates. © Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.
Histology of Corpuscles of Stannius in Lake Van Fish (Alburnus Tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814) (Cyprinidae)
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2021) Kaptaner, B.; Ünal, G.; Doğan, E.; Aykut, H.
In the present study, the location, histology and number of corpuscles of Stannius (Sc), which are endocrine glands associated with the kidneys of teleost fish, were investigated for the first time in Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi), an anadromous and endemic inhabiting Turkey's Lake Van Basin. The Sc, which were ovoid or spheroid and white or cream in colour, were found to vary in number between three and five among the examined fish. The glands were located in the caudal part of the kidney, and either partially or completely embedded, and found to be present on both the ventral and dorsal surface of either side of the caudal part of the kidney. The Sc were surrounded by a connective tissue capsule that penetrated and divided the gland into incomplete lobules. Two types of cells were determined in the parenchyma of the gland. Type-I cells were predominant throughout the parenchyma and larger than the second (type-II). In the type-I cells, the cytoplasm was observed as weakly or moderately eosinophilic with haematoxylin and eosin staining and weakly or moderately acidophilic with Mallory's triple staining. In the type-I cells, the cytoplasm exhibited weak to moderate periodic acid-Schiff staining and slight or uniform staining with aldehyde fuchsin. The type-II cells were round, had a darkly stained spherical nucleus and were dispersed among the type-I cells. They displayed no cytoplasmic staining with the abovementioned stains. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Histology of Some Major Immune System Organs in Lake Van Fish Alburnus Tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) (Cyprinidae)
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Kaptaner, B.; Aykut, H.; Doğan, E.; Bostancı, M.
The teleostean immune system is variable between and within taxa in terms of morphology. Accordingly, in the current study, the histology of some immune organs (thymus, kidney and spleen) of Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi) was investigated. For this purpose, the tissues from eight mature fish were fixed and embedded in paraffin wax, and then the sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Mallory’s triple, periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue (pH of 2.5) for histologic examinations. In the thymus, no clear discrimination of the cortex and medulla was observed. Lymphoid cells within a reticulo-epithelial network were the predominant cell type in the thymus. The other components in the thymus were macrophages and myoid, mast-like, plasma-like, cystic cells, Hassall’s corpuscles, and single or multiple epithelial cystic structures. In the kidney, the head kidney, a major haematopoietic site, consisted of lymphoid and non-lymphoid zones within a reticular network. Cells exhibiting mitotic figures were also detected in the haematopoietic tissue of the head kidney. Haematopoietic tissue was also found in the trunk kidney dispersed amongst the excretory components. The spleen was composed of red and white pulp. The red pulp comprised abundant erythrocytes, whilst the white pulp contained leucocytes with a reticular network. Ellipsoids were also determined in the white pulp. Melanomacrophage centres were found in all of the examined lymphoid tissues of the fish. These findings, which were reported, herein, for the first time will provide reference knowledge for future studies of this anadromous fish. © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Histopathological and Biochemical Alterations in the Adrenal Gland of Male Rats Exposed To Bisphenol F
(Pleiades Publishing inc, 2024) Kaptaner, B.; Dogan, A.; Yilmaz, C.; Aykut, H.; Dogan, E.; Babat, C. Fidan; Donmez, F.
Bisphenol F (BPF) is a bisphenol A derivative that is widely used in the manufacturing of industrial and consumer products. The presented study was conducted to explore the adverse effects of BPF on the adrenal glands of rats. Toward this aim, twenty-eight male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, each containing seven individuals. The animals were administered a vehicle (control) or BPF at 3 different doses comprising 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg of body weight (bw) via oral gavage for 28 days. Next, the effects of BPF on the gland were evaluated in terms of histopathological alterations, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels, and the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex showed prominent histopathological lesions such as vacuolar degeneration and necrotic degeneration in the experimental groups. BPF caused noticeable elevations in the serum ACTH and cortisol levels. Moreover, decreases in levels of GSH and increments in the contents of MDA were determined, indicating oxidative stress. In conclusion, BPF showed toxic effects on the adrenal gland that may result in disruptions in its vital functions in the body. The results herein suggest that attention should be paid to the utilization of BPF in manufacturing processes due to its harmful effects and risks to the health of organisms.
Histopathology and Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Chalcalburnus Tarichi Living in Lake Van, Turkey
(Zhengzhou University, 2014) Kaptaner, B.; Kankaya, E.; Doǧan, A.; Çelik, I.
To assess the environmental quality in the Lake Van, Chalcalburnus tarichi, the only vertebrate and an endemic carp species of this lake basin, samples were collected from the lake, and their livers were examined histologically for this purpose. Histological alterations were recorded and evaluated semi-quantitatively based on the liver lesion categories and their severities. According to the results, five of a total of forty samples displayed normal (healthy) liver architecture, but the others displayed various histopathological alterations, including hepatocyte vacuolization, fatty degeneration, increase in melanomacrophage centers, necrosis, infiltration, congestion, fibrosis, single cell necrosis, bile duct alterations, glycogen depletion and nuclear pleomorphism. Liver index values were calculated and found to be changed between 2 and 50 (≤4 for fish with normal livers (FwNL) and ≥8-50 for fish with histopathological livers (FwHL). We also investigated oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) in FwHL as compared with FwNL. LPO and CAT were found to be significantly higher in FwHL, indicating increased oxidative stress. The results revealed that the observed histological and biochemical alterations in the livers of C. tarichi reflect the effects of environmental stressors present in the lake water causing pollution.
Immunohistochemical Distribution of Insulin-, Glucagon- and Somatostatincontaining Cells in the Pancreas of Lake Van Fish (Alburnus Tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814) (Cyprinidae)
(Luigi Ponzio e figlio Editori, 2019) Kaptaner, B.
The Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi) is a species that is endemic to Turkey’s Lake Van basin. In this study, the regional distribution, volume density, and relative frequency of some pancreatic endocrine cells in Lake Van fish were investigated via immunohistochemistry using specific mammalian antibodies. The pancreatic tissue was observed to be surrounded by adipose tissue, which was adjacent to the gall bladder or extrahepatic bile duct, or dispersed in the adipose tissue ranked among coils of post-esophageal swelling and intestine. The pancreatic endocrine cells were examined, including the islets, exocrine pancreas, and pancreatic ducts. According to the modified aldehyde fuchsin staining and immunohistochemistry, insulin-secreting beta cells were observed to localize throughout the islets. Glucagon immune-reactive (IR) cells were observed to be situated moderately on the islet periphery, and were rarely determined in the islet central region. A small number of somatostatin- IR cells were observed in the islet centers and peripheries. Similar distributions of those three endocrine cells were also determined in the secondary islets. Additionally, the endocrine cell percentages did not differ between the primary and secondary islets; insulin-, glucagon- and somatostatin-IR cells comprised approximately 54%, 29%, and 11% of the endocrine cells in the principal islets, whereas they comprised 52%, 27%, and 14% in the secondary islets, respectively. Insulin-, glucagon- and somatostatin-IR cells were also determined among the epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue in the pancreatic ducts or exocrine areas of the pancreas. With this study, the existence, regional distribution, and relative frequency of the insulin-, glucagon- and somatostatin-IR cells were first investigated in the pancreatic tissue of Lake Van fish and the results were discussed. © B. Kaptaner, 2019 Licensee PAGEPress, Italy.
In Vitro Effects of Bisphenol F on Antioxidant System Indicators in the Isolated Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhyncus Mykiss)
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Aykut, H.; Kaptaner, B.
Bisphenol F (BPF) has been used frequently in the plastics industry and the production of daily consumer products as an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA). It was aimed herein to determine the cytotoxic effects of BPF on hepatocytes isolated from the liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and antioxidant defence system indicators. The cultured hepatocytes were exposed to seven concentrations (0, 15.63, 31.25, 62.50, 125, 250, and 500 µM) of BPF for 24 h. According to the LDH assay, the percentage of cytotoxicity was increased dose dependently in the cells. The malondialdehyde content, which is indicative of lipid peroxidation, was increased significantly at BPF concentrations between 15.63 and 250 µM, whereas it remained unchanged with a concentration of 500 µM. The activities of superoxide dismutase were increased, while those of catalase were decreased with all of the BPF concentrations. Elevated levels of reduced glutathione content were determined with BPF concentrations between 15.63 and 250 µM, but decreased significantly with a concentration of 500 µM. Significant increases in the activities of the glutathione peroxidase were found in hepatocytes treated with BPF at concentrations of 31.25 to 500 µM. GST activity was only significantly increased with a BPF concentration of 250 µM. The results showed that the toxic mechanism of BPF was mainly based on cell membrane damage and oxidative stress, which have an influence on antioxidant defences. Therefore, BPF should be reconsidered as a safe alternative instead of BPA in the manufacturing of industrial or daily products. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Increased Apoptosis in the Liver of Chalcalburnus Tarichi Exposed To Sublethal Concentrations of Methyl Parathion
(Nobel Science and Research Center, 2014) Kankaya, E.; Kaptaner, B.
In the present study, the effect of methyl parathion (MP), an extensively used organophosphorus insecticide in agriculture, on liver apoptosis in Chalcalburnus tarichi, an endemic carp species of the Lake Van Basin of Turkey, was investigated. For this purpose, fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (1.47, 3.0, and 6.11 mg/L) of MP for 30 days under semistatic conditions. Following exposure, sections taken from the liver were stained using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling method for the examination of apoptosis, and then apoptotic hepatocytes were evaluated as the apoptotic index (AI). According to the results, the AI was significantly enhanced at MP concentrations of 3.0 and 6.11 mg/L. In conclusion, the present study indicates that MP has apoptosis-inducing potential in the liver of C. tarichi and MP-dependent hepatotoxicity causally related to the increase in the apoptosis.
Sublethal Toxicity of Formaldehyde in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758)
(Centenary University, 2017) Kankaya, E.; Kaptaner, B.
Formaldehyde (FA) is widely used as an antiparasitic agent and a general disinfectant in aquaculture and ornamental fish farming. This study was conducted to determine the chronic toxic effects of FA on carp. Cyprinus carpio fish with an average weight of 9.8±3.1 g and an average length of 7.3±0.7 cm was chronically exposed to FA using a semi-static test method. Sublethal concentrations were applied at 0, 20, 30, 40 mgL-1. The bioassay was continued at 23°C for 60 days. Fish samples were taken at 15, 30 and 60 days for analysis and evaluation. The fish were dissected and the liver and gills tissue were removed. Histological examinations were performed on the liver and gills tissue from fish. Glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity were also determined in the removed tissues. Morphological changes in the tissues were determined as proliferation in surface epithelial cells in the gill primer lamella, cleavage in the epithelial layer in the lamella of the seconder, and vacuolization in the liver. GST is significantly reduced in the liver at 40 mgL-1 at 15 days; SOD significantly decreased in the liver at 20, 30 mgL-1 in 15 days; CAT was significantly altered in the liver and gill at 30 mgL-1 in 15, and 60 days. With this study, it can be considered that FA has a slight toxic effect for the criteria examined in carp. Because FA is widely used in aquaculture, avoiding uncontrolled and unnecessary use will reduce the adverse biological effects that may occur. © 2017, Centenary University. All rights reserved.