Browsing by Author "Kara, Hilmi"

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Control Effectiveness of Kaolin Clay and Neem on Agonoscena Pistaciae in Pistachio Orchards
(Mdpi, 2025) Dilmen, Halil; Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Kaplan, Cevdet; Kara, Hilmi
The pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena pistaciae) is a major pest threatening pistachio production in Siirt province, T & uuml;rkiye. This study evaluated the efficacy of a clay mineral, kaolin, and a botanical insecticide, neem extract, in managing this pest, aiming to reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides. Field experiments were conducted to compare the performance of these treatments with that of the synthetic insecticide spirotetramat SC 100 at various application rates. The results demonstrated that kaolin significantly reduced oviposition rates, achieving up to 100% deterrence, while neem extract exhibited substantial nymph mortality rates of up to 84.75%. These findings highlight the potential of mineral- and plant-based alternatives as effective components of integrated pest management strategies for pistachio psyllid control, offering sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions for minimizing economic losses and pesticide residues in pistachio production.
Demography and Population Projection of Myzus Persicae (Sulz.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Five Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Cultivars
(Springer, 2018) Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Chi, Hsin; Atlihan, Remzi; Kara, Hilmi
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of pepper. In this study, we collected data on the development, survival, fecundity, and proportion of apterous and alate forms of green peach aphid reared on five commercial pepper cultivars (Amiral, Erciyes, Mert, Mertcan, and Naz) at 25 +/- 1 degrees C, 60 +/- 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. We analyzed the life history raw data by using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The shortest development time (6.66 days) and highest fecundity (62.68 individuals) occurred on the Erciyes cultivar. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.332 d(-1)), finite rate of increase (lambda = 1.394 d(-1)), net reproductive rate (R-0 = 62.7 offspring) and shortest mean generation time (T = 12.45 d) also occurred on the Erciyes cultivar; while the lower fitness occurred on the Amiral, Mertcan and Naz cultivars. Our results compared differences in the population growth rate of M. persicae on different pepper cultivars. This information will be useful to individuals working in pest management programs particularly those involving M. persicae.
Demography and Population Projection of Myzus Persicae (Sulz.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Five Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Cultivars (Vol 46, Pg 153, 2018)
(Springer, 2018) Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Chi, Hsin; Atlihan, Remzi; Kara, Hilmi
Distribution and Population Genetics of Wheat Stem Sawfly, [cephus Pygmeus L. (hymenoptera: Cephidae)] on Wheat Areas in Southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia and Eastern Black Sea Regions
(2021) Kara, Hilmi; Özgökçe, Mehmet Salih; Güz, Nurper
Bu tez çalışmasında, Türkiye'nin Güneydoğu Anadolu, Doğu Anadolu ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgeleri'nde yer alan buğday tarlalarında Ekin sap arısı, Cephus pygmeus'un yayılışı, yoğunluğu ve genetik yapısı araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, 30 il ve bu illere bağlı 167 ilçede 2019 yılı Mart-Ağustos aylarında yürütülmüştür. Örneklemelerde her bir tarlada 200 atraplama yapılmıştır. Popülasyon genetiğinin araştırılması amacıyla mitokondri ve çekirdek genomuna ait gen bölgelerinden farklı uzunluklarda diziler PCR tekniği ile çoğaltılmış ve yeni nesil dizileme (NGS) yapılarak diziler açığa çıkartılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre C. pygmeus'un Doğu Karadeniz illerinde bulunmadığı, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde Tunceli ve Hakkâri dışında tüm illerde ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin ise tamamında yaygın olduğu saptanmıştır. Zararlıya tüm bölgeler içinde en yoğun olarak Kilis ilinde, en az ise Bingöl ilinde rastlanmıştır. Moleküler analizler sonunda nDNA'nın mtDNA'ya göre daha korunmuş olduğu görülmüştür. Mitokondriyal DNA'da (COI, Nd6) 23'er adet nükleotid yer değiştirme görülürken, nDNA'da (Ef1-α, VGSC, Wnt) test edilen üç gen bölgesinde sırasıyla 1, 2, 2 adet nükleotid yer değiştirme olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Nötralite testlerinden Fu'nun FS analizi temelinde mtDNA'ya göre popülasyonlarda ani bir genişleme ve pozitif seçilime uğradığı anlaşılmaktadır (FS=-17.79; P<0.05). Çalışma sonunda C. pygmeus'un çalışma bölgelerinde buğday tarlası bulunan birçok yerde yaygın olduğu, ancak farklı coğrafik özelliklerine göre oluşturulan bölgesel popülasyonlar arasında genetik açıdan herhangi bir farkın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Distribution, Population Development, Infestation and Damage Rates, and Identification of Natural Enemies of Tuta Absoluta (meyrick, 1917) (lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Tomato Fields in the Van Lake Basin
(2023) Argış, Fuat; Atlıhan, Remzi; Kara, Hilmi
Çalışma, 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında Van Gölü Havzası'nda Tuta absoluta'nın yayılışı, popülasyon gelişimi, bitki bulaşıklığı ve zarar oranı ile doğal düşmanlarının saptanması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gözlem ve örneklemeler, Van ve Bitlis illerindeki tarla ve sera alanları ile sebze ve meyve hallerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tuta absoluta'nın popülasyon değişimi feromon tuzağıyla izlenmiş, bitki bulaşıklığı ve meyve zarar oranı ise gözle kontrol yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Doğal düşmanların saptanması gözle kontrol ve atrap kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Van Gölü Havzası'nda domates üretimi yapılan alanlarda Tuta absoluta'nın yaygın olarak bulunduğu ve bu zararlının fide ve domates meyveleriyle birlikte bölgeye taşındığı, ayrıca 2200 rakımlı bölgelerde de zarara neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Zararlıya ait ergin bireyler doğada mayıs sonu ve haziran başından itibaren görülmüş ve en yüksek popülasyon artışı ağustos, eylül ve ekim aylarında gerçekleşmiştir. Zararlının doğada altı ay boyunca aktif olduğu ve yılda en az üç veya dört döl verdiği gözlenmiştir. İki yıl boyunca gerçekleştirilen kontrollerde bitki bulaşıklık oranının %100'e kadar çıktığı ve meyvelerdeki bulaşık oranının da %40'a ulaştığı saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Van Gölü Havzası'nda T. absoluta'nın parazitoiti olarak beş tür teşhis edilmiştir. Bunlar; Bracon (Habrobracon) hebetor (Say,1836), Chelonus spp., Apanteles sp., Baryscapus bruchophagi (Gahan 1913) ve Pteromalus intermedius (Walker 1834) parazitoitleridir. Ayrıca zararlının predatörü olarak sekiz tür teşhis edilmiştir. Bu türler; Nabis (Nabis) pseudoferus pseudoferus (Remane, 1949), Orius (Orius) niger (Wolff, 1811), Macrolophus costalis (Fieber, 1858), Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter), Deraeocoris (Camptobrochis) serenus (Douglas & Scott, 1868), Chrysoperla spp., Hippodamia variegata (Goeze 1777), Coccinella septempunctata (L. 1758)'dir.
The Effects of Arthrobacter (Roa) and Marrygold (Tagetes Patula) Plant Extracts Against Meloidogyne Incognita (Kofoid & White) Populations
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2016) Cetintas, Ramazan; Kara, Hilmi
Due to the detrimental effect of nematicides to the environment and to human health, new alternative control methods for nematodes are more often being investigated in recent years. In this study, the nematicidial effects of Arthrobacter (ROA) and marigold (Tagetes patula) plant extracts as compared Parodine (Devguard) on three inoculum level of Meloidogyne incognita root-knot nematode (0 J2/plant, 1000J2/plant, 2000J2/plant) were investigated on greenhouse grown tomatoes and cucumber. Average plant fresh weight of control Iprodione was significantly higher than those of Tagetes patula and Arthrobacter (ROA) (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis of data taken from Tagetes patula and Arthrobacter (ROA) treatments were varied among nematode inoculum levels (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, it suggested that because of their effectiveness, low cost and natural structure, these two substances could be good alternatives in Meloidogyne incognita control tactics, particularly, in green house crop production.
The Effects of Different Charleston Pepper Cultivars on the Demographic Parameters and the Antioxidant Levels of Myzus Persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2023) Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Kusoglu, Duygu; Konus, Metin; Kara, Hilmi; Risvanli, Mehmet Ramazan; Cetin, Dogan
Host plant diversity causes differences in the biology and adaptation of insects. In this study, variations in some biological properties and adaptive antioxidative response of Myzus persicae (Sulzer,1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on five Charleston pepper, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) cultivars were investigated under laboratory conditions (25 & PLUSMN;1 & DEG;C, 60 & PLUSMN;5% RH). The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.193 d-1) of M. persicae was estimated in the tested cohort fed with the Kanyon cultivar, while the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.248 d-1) was found on the Tufan cultivar. The cohort fed with Safkan cultivar exhibited the highest levels of GST-CDNB and EST-PNPA at 562.80 and 207.64 nmol/mg protein, respectively, whereas the cohort fed with Kanyon cultivar showed the lowest levels at 317.04 and 132.14 nmol/mg protein, respectively. Analysis of life table parameters and enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidant levels of M. persicae showed that among the cultivars we tested, the Tufan cultivar was the most preferred host by M. persicae, while Kanyon cultivar was a less suitable host.
Impact of Beneficial Microorganisms Inoculated Cotton Plants on Spodoptera Exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
(Entomological Soc Brasil, 2024) Kizilkan, Nurhan Didem; Konus, Metin; Risvanli, Mehmet Ramazan; Yilmaz, Can; Kara, Hilmi; Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Atlihan, Remzi
This study discusses plant-mediated effects of beneficial soil-borne microorganisms on population growth parameters of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a major cotton pest. In particular, we investigated the impact of these microorganisms on oxidative stress, chlorophyll content, and sugar and protein levels in cotton plants, and how these changes in the plant affect the survival, development, reproduction, and ultimately population growth of the pest. A longer preadult period, lower preadult survival rate, and lower reproduction were obtained for the pest cohort feeding on treated plants, which resulted in lower population parameters, i.e., intrinsic growth rate, finite growth rate, and net reproduction rate. The population projection results showed the same trend as the population parameters. These results can be attributed to the changes caused by microorganisms in the treated plants. There was no oxidative stress in the treated plants. Instead, the chlorophyll content in these plants increased, and the protein-carbohydrate ratio decreased. Additionally, we assessed the effects of plant-insect-microorganisms interaction on total glutathione levels, glutathione S-transferase, and esterase enzyme activities in S. exigua. Overall results indicate that beneficial microorganisms tested enhance the plant's ability to defend against the pest. Additionally, the findings from this study provide valuable insights into the complex interplay among plants, microorganisms, and pests, offering potential strategies for incorporating these interactions into pest management practices.
Innovative Application of Set Theory, Cartesian Product, and Multinomial Theorem in Demographic Research
(E Schweizerbartsche verlagsbuchhandlung, 2022) Chi, Hsin; Kara, Hilmi; Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Atlihan, Remzi; Guncan, Ali; Risvanli, Mehmet Ramazan
The bootstrap technique has been widely used to estimate the variances, standard errors, and confidence intervals (CI) of life table parameters, while the paired bootstrap test has been used to compare life table parameters between treatments by assessing the CI of differences. Although a great number of resamplings (B = 1,000 similar to 100,000) has been suggested for the application of the bootstrap technique, each computer simulation will generate different results because the bootstrap sampling with replacement is based on a stochastic process. In order to determine the theoretical and true confidence intervals of population parameters, and thereby, achieve an accurate assessment of differences between treatments, we introduce an innovative application of set theory, Cartesian product, and multinomial theorem for a mathematical formulation of demographic analysis. Moreover, when a bootstrap sample is composed of individuals that cannot produce offspring (i.e., an infertile bootstrap sample), the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (lambda) cannot be calculated. Omitting these infertile bootstrap samples will result in biased estimates. This problem of infertile bootstrap samples in demographic research has not been resolved. The integrated application of the set theory, Cartesian products, and multinomial theorem enables the detection of all possible combinations of bootstrap samples, the true CIs of population parameters, and the CIs of differences between treatments; furthermore, the probabilities of both fertile and infertile bootstrap samples can also be calculated. The life table data of the well-known cosmopolitan pest, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididac), were collected and used as examples.
Life Table and Some Biological Features of Planococcus Citri, Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on 41-B Grapevine Variety (Vitis Vinifera L.)
(2018) Kına, Esra; Kara, Hilmi; Özgökçe, Mehmet Salih
Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseuodococcidae), known as citrus mealybug, is a most crucialpolyphgous pest on many plants around the world including the grapevine. In this study, information ondevelopment, fecundity, survival and population projection of citrus mealybug on grapevine has been collected inthe climate chamber 25±1 ºC, 65-70 % RH, and 16:8 (L:D) h photoperiod. The preadult duration of females Pl.citri was 28.31 days, while the preadult duration for male individuals was 26.25 days. Total adult longevity andtotal longevity times for all cohort were found as 14.81 and 33.97 days, respectively. When reared on 41-Bgrapevine variety, the net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation time (T), the finite rate of increase (λ), and theintrinsic rate of increase (r) were 32.07 eggs/individual, 41.43 days, 1.087 day-1, and 0.084 day-1, respectively. Thepopulation projection showed Pl. citri could increase to population of 357 individuals in 60 days with an initialpopulation of 10 eggs. This study has provided the basic information about the general characteristics of thepopulation of Pl. citri fed on the 41-B grapevine variety and can be useful for IPM studies.