Browsing by Author "Karadas, F."

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Adding Different Levels of Turmeric Powder and Curcumin in the Diet on Broiler Performance, Carcass Traits, Immunity and Gut Morphology of Broiler Chicken Under Normal and Heat Stress Condition
(Univ Baghdad, 2021) Mustafa, M. M.; Karadas, F.; Tayeb, I. T.
This study was conducted to estimate the effect of adding different levels of turmeric powder and curcumin on broiler performance, carcass traits, and immunity response and jejunum histology. A total of 750 Ross day old chicks obtained from a local hatchery and distributed into two rearing conditions (normal and heat stress condition) with five treatments 3 replicate for each one had (25 chicks). Dietary supplements of turmeric powder and curcumin significantly (P = 0.05) improved performance under normal and heat stress conditions. Moreover, treatments significantly (P = 0.05) increased the total titter antibody against Newcastle and infectious bursal disease compared to control. Concerning histology of jejunum treatments significantly (P=0.01) improved jejunum histology. Regarding the effect of rearing condition heat stress conditions significantly (P = 0.01) decreased performance compared to normal rearing condition. Small intestine percent from live body weight significantly (P = 0.01) decreased compared to normal rearing conditions. Moreover, heat stress significantly (P=0.01) affected the total antibody titer against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease. Jejunum histology significantly (P = 0.01) affected by rearing conditions.
Adding Different Levels of Turmeric Powder and Curcumin in the Diet on Some Serum Biochemical of Broiler Reared Under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions
(Univ Baghdad, 2021) Mustafa, M. M.; Karadas, F.; Tayeb, I. T.
This study was carried out to elucidate the effect of supplementing different levels of turmeric powder and curcumin on serum lipid profile, protein, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), ALT, AST enzymes, uric acid, creatine kinase and glucose. Seven-hundred and fifty chicks Ross 308, received from a local hatchery. Chicks divided into two groups, normal and heat stressed conditions, with 5 treatments and 3 replicates in which 25 chicks for each. The dietary treatments composed of basal diet (control), 50 g curcumin/ton, 75 g curcumin/ton, 1.65 kg turmeric powder/ton and 2.5 kg turmeric powder/ton. Results showed that adding turmeric powder and curcumin had significant effects (P<0.05) on serum lipid profile, protein profile, T3, T4, ALT enzyme, creatine kinase, uric acid and glucose. Concerning the rearing condition, which had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the serum cholesterol, LDL, total protein, albumin, T3 hormone, ALT, AST enzymes, creatine kinase, uric acid and glucose.
Dietary Essential Oils Improve Feed Efficiency and Hepatic Antioxidant Content of Broiler Chickens
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2019) Pirgozliev, V.; Mansbridge, S. C.; Rose, S. P.; Mackenzie, A. M.; Beccaccia, A.; Karadas, F.; Bravo, D.
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of an improved growth, dietary nutrient availability and overall health of broiler chickens reared on recycled litter when fed a standardised combination of essential oils (EO; carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and capsicum oleoresin). To assess the effect of dietary treatments, feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency, availability of dietary nutrients and energy, villus morphometry, excreta sialic acid concentration, hepatic antioxidants and serum amyloid A (SAA) when fed to broiler chickens were evaluated. Counts of Eimeria spp. oocysts were also determined in excreta samples. Four experimental diets were offered, including two basal control diets based on either wheat or maize that contained 215 g CP/kg and 12.13 MJ/kg metabolisable energy and another two diets using the basal control diets supplemented with the EO combination at 100 mg/kg diet. Each diet was fed to eight floor pens, containing two birds each, following randomisation. Birds fed the EO-supplemented diets had an improved (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Birds fed maize-based diet had an improved daily weight gain and FCR (P<0.05) compared with wheat-fed birds. Wheat-based diet tended (P=0.056) to have greater N-corrected apparent metabolisable energy and had greater fat retention coefficient (P<0.05) compared with maize-based diets. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in villus morphometry, sialic acid secretion, number of oocysts and SAA. Feeding the EO improved (P<0.05) the retention of dietary Ca and Na. Compared with maize, feeding wheat-based diets improved the retention coefficients for Ca, P and Na (P<0.05). Feeding dietary EO improved (P<0.05) the concentrations of the hepatic antioxidants, including carotene, coenzyme Q(10) and total vitamin E. The hepatic concentration of carotene of the maize-fed birds was 55.6% greater (P<0.05) compared with the wheat-fed birds. These results demonstrated that the addition of a standardised combination of EO in wheat- and maize-based diets provided benefits in terms of feed efficiency, mineral retention and antioxidant status of the birds when reared on recycled litter.
Dietary Essential Oils Improve the Hepatic Antioxidative Status of Broiler Chickens
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Karadas, F.; Pirgozliev, V.; Rose, S. P.; Dimitrov, D.; Oduguwa, O.; Bravo, D.
1. A total of 200 male Ross 308 chickens were used to evaluate the effects of a standardised combination of essential oils including 5% carvacrol, 3% cinnamaldehyde and 2% capsicum oleoresin (XT 6930; Pancosma S.A., Geneva, Switzerland) on their performance, hepatic antioxidant concentration and caecal tonsils morphometry.2. Two diets were offered to broiler chickens from d old to 21 d of age. The control diet (C) was slightly lower in metabolisable energy (12.13 MJ/kg ME) and crude protein (215 g/kg CP) than breeders' recommendation. The second diet, made as XT 6930, was added on the top of the control diet at 100 mg/kg. Each diet was offered ad libitum to birds housed in one of 10 floor pens in a randomised complete block design. The birds were housed in 20 floor pens, 10 birds in each pen, and were allocated to 10 replicates of the two dietary treatments.3. The concentration of antioxidants in the liver of the birds was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 21 d of age. Birds fed control diet only had lower weight and converted less efficiently feed to gain compared to birds fed essential oils-supplemented diet. Feed consumption was not affected by dietary treatments. The antioxidant data showed that supplemented essential oils improved the hepatic concentration of carotenoids and coenzyme Q(10) when fed to broiler chickens. The morphometry of the caecal tonsils of the birds was not influenced by dietary treatments.4. It can be concluded that that dietary combination of essential oils, including carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and capsicum oleoresin, improved growth, feed efficiency and the hepatic concentration of carotenoids and coenzyme Q(10) when fed to broiler chickens.
Dietary Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol Acetate) and Selenium Supplementation From Different Sources: Performance, Ascites-Related Variables and Antioxidant Status in Broilers Reared at Low and Optimum Temperatures
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) Ozkan, S.; Malayoglu, H. Basmacioglu; Yalcin, S.; Karadas, F.; Kocturk, S.; Cabuk, M.; Ergul, M.
1. This study compared the effect of dietary supplementation with organic or inorganic selenium (Se) sources plus control amounts or large amounts of vitamin E (alpha- tocopherol acetate) in broilers raised at control ( 20 to 24 degrees C) or low ( 14 center dot 5 to 16 center dot 8 degrees C) temperatures after 2 weeks of age. 2. The following dietary treatments were used from one day old. Diet 1, the control diet, comprised a commercial diet containing 0 center dot 15 mg/ kg inorganic Se and 50 mg vitamin E/kg feed. Diet 2 was the same as diet 1, supplemented with 0 center dot 15 mg/ kg inorganic Se. Diet 3 was the same as diet 2 but was supplemented with 200 mg/ kg vitamin E. Diet 4 was the same as diet 1, but inorganic Se was replaced with 0 center dot 30 mg/ kg organic Se. Diet 5 was the same as diet 4, supplemented with 200 mg/ kg vitamin E. 3. Low temperature reduced the growth rate of broilers; however, at 6 weeks, there were no differences in the body weights of birds fed on organic Se supplemented diets housed at low or control temperature. The feed conversion ratio was significantly affected by low temperature but not by diet. The heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio was higher in chicks after one week in the cold, indicating mild stress. Blood triiodothyronine levels were significantly higher in birds after 1 and 4 weeks in the cold but thyroxin was not affected. 4. Organic Se supplementation increased relative lung weight at the control temperature, which might lead to greater respiratory capacity. Relative spleen weight significantly decreased in broilers fed diets supplemented with inorganic Se under cold conditions, a possible indication of chronic oxidative stress. 5. At the low temperature, supplementation with organic Se alone, or with inorganic Se and vitamin E increased glutathione peroxidase ( GSHPx) activity and glutathione ( GSH) concentration in the liver of broilers, which may indicate increased activity of birds' antioxidant defence against suboptimal environments.
Dietary Xylanase Increases Hepatic Vitamin E Concentration of Chickens Fed Wheat Based Diet
(Kielanowski inst Animal Physiology Nutrition, 2015) Pirgozliev, V.; Karadas, F.; Rose, S. P.; Beccaccia, A.; Mirza, M. W.; Amerah, A. M.
The study examined the effect of xylanase supplementation on apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and hepatic vitamin E and carotenoids in broiler chickens fed wheat based diets. A total of one hundred forty four male Ross 308 chickens were used in this study. Birds were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments (8 cages per treatment of 6 male broilers each) for 14 days from 7 to 21 day old. The control treatment was based on wheat-soyabean meal and was either unsupplemented or supplemented with either 1000 or 2000 xylanase units per kg diet. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to test linear response to dietary xylanase activity. There was a positive linear relationship (P < 0.05) between dietary AME and doses of supplementary xylanase. A linear relationship (P < 0.05) was also observed between dosage of xylanase supplementation and hepatic vitamin E concentration and retention. In conclusion, xylanase supplementation improved dietary AME and increased hepatic vitamin E concentration which may have positive effects on the antioxidative status of the birds.
The Effect of a Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculant on Corn Silage Ensiled at the Different Stages of Vegetation
(2012) Hakan Muglali, O.; Salman, M.; Selcuk, Z.; Genc, B.; Karadas, F.
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of a lactic acid bacteria inoculant applied to fresh corn crop harvested at early milk, milk and dough stages on silage quality and some chemical composition of corn silage. Corn crop was hamested at early milk stage (19.3% dry matter content), milk stage (1/2 milk line in corn grain, 27.2% dry matter content) and dough stage (36.9% dry matter content). A total of six experimental groups includng one control and one treatment group containing a Lactic Acid Bacteria inoculant (LAB) were used for each stage. The silage material was tightly filled in 192 glass jars. Eight jars of each group were opened on days 15, 30, 45 and 60th of ensiling and crude protein, metabolisable energy, the pH value, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid concentratiom were determined. Although, there was a dfference (p<0.05) in pH value of corn silage emiled at early milk stage between control and treatment groups on the 45 and 60th days of emiling, the pH values of them were <40 On the 45 and 60th days of ensiling, there was no difference in ammonia nitrogen and organic acid levels of control and treatment groups of corn silage ensiled at early milk stage, milk stage and dough stage. In conclusion, a lactic acid bacteria inoculant had no beneficial effects compared to controls on corn silages ensiled at early milk stage, milk stage and dough stage. © Medwell Journals, 2012.
Effect of Melatonin and Vitamin E as Antioxidants on Body Weight, Carcass Traits of Awassi Lambs Fed a High-Energy and Normal Diet
(Coll Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Univ Baghdad, 2023) Kanyar, I. M.; Karadas, F.
This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (Alpha tocopherol acetate) supplementation and melatonin implants on growth performance, and meat quality traits of Awassi male lambs fed by a high and normal energy concentrated diet in Iraq. Lambs were divided equally to two main groups to be fed either high or normal energy diet,and each of them divided in to five treatment, the first as a control (T1,T6),two level of melatonin (18, 36mg/lamb) were applied to (T2,T3,T7,T8) and two level of vitamin E (200,400mg/lamb/day) to (T4,T5,T9,T10).All animals were slaughtered at the end of the fattening period. Lambs received 400 g/day vitamin E with high energy diet surpassed significantly other treatment in final weight gain, vitamin E 400 mg/lamb/day and melatonin 18-36 mg/lamb at day 14 of storage increased retail color stability. enhanced meat color parameters. Melatonin implantation 18 mg/lamb, 36 mg /lamb significantly at day 7 of storage reduced MDA value, but at day 14 of storage vitamin E 200 and 400 mg/day/lamb reduced significantly MDA value of the Muscle Longissimus dorsi (LD) during storage.
The Effect on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Hepatic Carotenoid Content When Phytase Supplemented Diets Were Fed To Broiler Chickens
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2010) Pirgozliev, V.; Karadas, F.; Pappas, A.; Acamovic, T.; Bedford, M. R.
Two basal diets containing an adequate and a low supply of available P (4.7 vs 2.5 g/kg diet) and three others containing a low available P but supplemented with 250, 500 and 12,500 units of phytase (FTU) per kg diet, respectively, were prepared. Each diet was fed ad libitum to birds in six metabolism cages (five birds in each cage) in a randomised block design. It was found that birds fed a high (12,500 ETU) dosage of phytase grew faster (P < 0.001) and retained proportionally more carotenoids in the liver (P < 0.05) compared to birds fed unsupplemented diet. The results suggest that dietary phytase may improve the anti-oxidative status of birds fed low P diets through enhancing dietary carotenoid availability. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of Carotenoids From Lucerne, Marigold and Tomato on Egg Yolk Pigmentation and Carotenoid Composition
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2006) Karadas, F.; Grammenidis, E.; Surai, P. F.; Acamovic, T.; Sparks, C.
1. The effects of various sources of natural carotenoids (Px alfalfa concentrate, tomato powder and marigold extract) as feed additives in quail diets on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition were investigated. 2. Adult Japanese quail were fed one of 5 different diets for 23 d: three diets each contained Px alfalfa concentrate (PX) or tomato powder (TP) or marigold extract (MG), one diet contained marigold extract and tomato powder (MG+TP) and a control diet (wheat/barley based) was low in carotenoid. All products were added at a rate of 2%, apart from marigold extract which was added at a rate of 0(.)2%. 3. Visual assessment of yolk colour (Roche colour fan) showed a stabilised yolk colour of 1(.)6, 7(.)7, 8(.)5, 8(.)8 and 10(.)6 for the control, PX, TP, MG and MG+TP treatments, respectively. 4. The total carotenoid concentration of the egg yolks were 2(.)2, 22(.)4, 4(.)1, 39(.)0 and 37(.)7 mg/g for the experimental groups fed the following diets: control, PX, TP, MG and MG+TP, respectively. Deposition of retinol, alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in the egg yolk was unaffected by treatments. 5. Lutein was shown to be the major carotenoid in the egg yolk, comprising 1(.)65, 17(.)97, 2(.)03, 31(.)14 and 28.57 mg/g in control, PX, TP, MG and MG+TP, respectively. Inclusion of TP in the quail diet resulted in lycopene transfer to the egg. 6. It was concluded that, in comparison with the control group, there was an increase in the yolk concentrations of lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene and beta-carotene in eggs produced by female quail fed diets supplemented with natural carotenoids.
The Effects of Carotenoids in Quail Breeder Diets on Egg Yolk Pigmentation and Breeder Performance
(Taylor & Francis As, 2016) Alay, T.; Karadas, F.
The effects of supplementation of 10 mg/kg (i) apoester, (ii) canthaxanthin, (iii) 3% clover extract, (iv) paprika oleoresin and (v) aztec marigold extract pigments to a wheat-based non-pigmented feed on hatchery performance and egg yolk pigmentation in quail breeders were investigated. At six weeks of age a total of 432 Japanese quail breeders were randomly divided into 6 treatments, each of which was replicated 3 times, with 24 birds (18 female: 6 male) per replicate. Hatchability was significantly better in the apoester treatment compared to the control, canthaxanthin, clover extract and paprika oleoresin treatments (p <.05) but similar to the aztec marigold treatment (p >.05). Total carotenoids concentration, YCF score, yellowness (b*) and redness (a*) of egg yolk were significantly higher in pigment-supplemented treatments compared to the control treatment (p <.05). YCF and redness (a*) were highly correlated in all treatments (0.94; p <.0001).
Effects of Different Dietary Phytase Activities on the Concentration of Antioxidants in the Liver of Growing Broilers
(Wiley, 2010) Karadas, F.; Pirgozliev, V.; Pappas, A. C.; Acamovic, T.; Bedford, M. R.
P>One-hundred and fifty male chickens were used to evaluate the effects of different activities (0, 250, 500, 12 500 FTU/kg) of phytase on their performance and antioxidant concentration in the liver. The chicks were housed in 30 cages and were allocated to six replicates of five dietary treatments. All diets were formulated to be adequate in energy and protein (12.90 MJ/kg metabolizable energy, 214 g/kg crude protein), however, the negative control (NC) was lower in available P compared with the positive control (PC) (2.5 vs. 4.5 g/kg diet). The other three diets were the NC supplemented with phytase at 250, 500 and 12 500 FTU/kg (NC + 250, NC + 500 and NC + 12 500 FTU respectively). The concentration of antioxidants in the liver of the birds was determined using HPLC at 21 days of age. Low P diets (NC) reduced weight gain, however, supplementation with phytase improved weight gain to the extent that it was better than the PC at the 12 500 FTU treatment (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was also improved by the high level of phytase supplement more than other treatments (p < 0.05). Feed consumption was not affected either by dietary phosphorus concentration or by different phytase supplementation. The antioxidant data showed that the unsupplemented diet with low phosphorus (NC) decreased the concentration of coenzyme Q(10) and retinol-linoleate in the liver compared with that of birds on the adequate phosphorus treatment (PC). Phytase supplementation, especially at the higher doses (500 and 12 500 FTU) increased the level of coenzyme Q(10) to the same level as the PC treatment. In addition, the highest dose (12 500 FTU) of phytase increased retinol concentration in the liver of chickens compared with those on the NC treatment. The highest inclusion level of phytase increased the alpha-tocopherol level in the liver compared with the lower levels of phytase (NC + 250 and NC + 500 FTU).
The Effects of Different Level of Synbiotic Supplementation in Diet of Broiler on Growth Performance, Intestinal Histology and Microbial Colony
(Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, 2024) Younis, J.H.; Karadas, F.; Beski, S.S.M.
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of varying levels of synbiotic supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal physiology of broiler chickens.A total of 360-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six different treatments, with four replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate.The control treatment was not supplemented, while the remaining treatments were supplemented with four different levels (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 g/kg) of synbiotic to the basal diets.The treatments were as follows: (1) control (not any supplement), (2) zinc bacitracin 0.04 g/kg, and (3) the remaining four treatments, which were supplemented with four different levels of synbiotic.On days 10, 24 and 35, the feed remaining and the birds were weighed in order to measure the body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio.On day 10 and throughout the experimental period, there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in both body weight and weight gain, as well as a significant improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) with rising level of synbiotic.The control group exhibited a poorer feed conversion ratio than the other experimental groups (P < 0.05).Up to 10 days, there was a significant increase in feed intake in birds on diets supplemented with 0.25 and 0.75 g/kg synbiotic.However, when the data from the 35-day experimental period were analyzed, it was found that the birds that had received 0.75 g/kg of synbiotic had significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed intake compared to the other experimental groups.The relative weight of the internal organs was not affected by the dietary treatments.The carcass yield and breast meat were found to increase significantly (P < 0.05) with rising levels of dietary synbiotic.The length of the villi was found to be significantly affected by the treatment, with the villi in birds on diets supplemented with 0.5 g/kg of synbiotic being longer than those in the control group.Significantly, the shortest villi were observed in birds that received the highest supplement level (1 g/kg) of synbiotic.The number of Escherichia coli in the ileum was not affected by the dietary treatments.It can be concluded that synbiotic dietary supplementation exerts beneficial effects on growth output at an early age and during the broiler development cycle.In terms of performance, synbiotics supplementation resulted in an improvement in performance and a positive effect on carcass yield and breast meat production.The current research has demonstrated that the administration of synbiotics at a dosage of 0.75 g/kg exerts beneficial effects on the efficiency and subsequent physiological processes of broilers during the course of their growth. © 2024 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Different Types of Antioxidants (Se, Vitamin E and Carotenoids) in Broiler Diets on the Growth Performance, Skin Pigmentation and Liver and Plasma Antioxidant Concentrations
(Facta-fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2016) Karadas, F.; Erdogan, S.; Kor, D.; Oto, G.; Uluman, M.
This study investigated the effects of the addition of different antioxidants to broiler diets on their live performance, liver antioxidant composition and concentrations, immune response, and meat and skin color. A total of 945 three-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks of both genders were randomly allocated to one of nine dietary treatments (n=105), with three replicates 35 chicks per pen, as follows: T1: control (commercially available corn-and soybean-based broiler diet); T2: selenium (control+0.5 mg/kg Sel-PlexTMSe yeast); T3: vitamin E (control+200 mg/kg Kavimix-E-50 a-tocopherol acetate); T4: lutein (control+100 mg/kg 5% Lutein Beads XB); T5: lycopene (control+100 mg/kg 5% Lyco Beads XB); T6: canthaxanthin (control+25 mg/kg 10% Carophyll (R) Red); T7: apoester (control+25 mg/kg 10% Carophyll (R) Yellow); T8: lutein+zeaxanthin (control+25 mg/kg Xamacol (R)); and T9: beta-carotene (control+100 mg/kg 10% Rovimix (R)). Feed (starter, grower, developer and finisher phases) and water were provided ad libitum for 42 days. Body weights, feed intake, feed conversion values and plasma carotene concentrations were recorded weekly, and liver antioxidant concentrations were recorded at the end of the experiment. Newcastle disease (LaSota) vaccination was performed on day 22. HI titers were measured on days 14, 21, 35 and 42 to determine the effects of the antioxidants on the immune system. The addition of selenium, vitamin E, and carotenoid supplements to the commercial broiler diet significantly increased antioxidant accumulation in the liver and the plasma. All antioxidants assessed significantly improved the immune response. Selenium and vitamin E supplementation also significantly improved total carotenoid concentrations in the plasma. The carotenoids enhanced skin and meat color. None of the supplements tested influenced growth (p>0.05).
Feeding Dihydroquercetin To Broiler Chickens
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Pirgozliev, V.; Westbrook, C.; Woods, S.; Karagecili, M. R.; Karadas, F.; Rose, S. P.; Mansbridge, S. C.
1. A total of 80 male Ross 308 broilers were used in a study to investigate the effect of dietary dihydroquercetin (DHQ) on growth performance variables, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and immune organ development, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and haemoglobin in blood, hepatic vitamin E content, dietary N-corrected metabolisable energy (AMEn) and nutrient retention coefficients when fed to broiler chickens from 7 to 35d of age.2. Two treatments were used in this study: control (C) and C +0.5 g/kg extract of Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica) per kg feed, containing 85% DHQ. The diets were fed over 2 feeding phases, a grower phase from 7 to 28 d of age and a finisher phase from 28 to 35 d of age. The birds were reared under the breeder's recommended conditions.3. In general, there were no effects of DHQ on growth performance of broiler chickens. However, the results of this experiment showed that there can be changes in the redness colour of the breast meat when DQH is fed. No negative effects of feeding DHQ at 0.5g/kg diet were observed in this study.4. Supplementation of poultry diets with DHQ under standard industry-rearing conditions did not improve the performance or any of the studied variables, except an increase of redness index of the breast fillets. Feeding DHQ at different doses and/or under more challenging conditions, e.g. heat stress, may, however, bring positive responses.
Historical Mutation Rates Predict Susceptibility To Radiation in Chernobyl Birds
(Wiley, 2010) Moller, A. P.; Erritzoe, J.; Karadas, F.; Mousseau, T. A.
Extreme environmental perturbations are rare, but may have important evolutionary consequences. Responses to current perturbations may provide important information about the ability of living organisms to cope with similar conditions in the evolutionary past. Radioactive contamination from Chernobyl constitutes one such extreme perturbation, with significant but highly variable impact on local population density and mutation rates of different species of animals and plants. We explicitly tested the hypothesis that species with strong impacts of radiation on abundance were those with high rates of historical mutation accumulation as reflected by cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA base-pair substitution rates during past environmental perturbations. Using a dataset of 32 species of birds, we show higher historical mitochondrial substitution rates in species with the strongest negative impact of local levels of radiation on local population density. These effects were robust to different estimates of impact of radiation on abundance, weighting of estimates of abundance by sample size, statistical control for similarity in the response among species because of common phylogenetic descent, and effects of population size and longevity. Therefore, species that respond strongly to the impact of radiation from Chernobyl are also the species that in the past have been most susceptible to factors that have caused high substitution rates in mitochondrial DNA.
Impact of Antioxidant Addition To Quail Feed on Progeny's Antioxidant Status and Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Gene Expression
(Hellenic veterinary Medical Soc, 2024) Karagecili, Mr; Karadas, F.
In this study, the effect of antioxidant supplementation in breeder quail feed on the performance, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, and expression level of glutathione peroxidase 1 gene in liver tissue of progeny at hatching and 21-d-old were investigated. A total of 432 Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica) breeders (a total of 432 breeders, 324 female and 108 male) were divided into six groups. Breeder quails in the control group were fed with a basal breeder quail ration. Birds in the experiment groups were fed with commercial breeder feed supplemented with 0.35 mg/kg Sel-Plex, 40 mg/kg L-carnitine, 50 mg/kg DL-methionine, 250 mg/kg vitamin E, and 10 mg/kg taurine, respectively. After four weeks of the breeder feeding period, 1200 eggs were placed in the incubator, 200 fertile quail eggs from each group. Hatched chicks were placed in the same trial groups as the breeders and fed with basal quail chick ration. Breeder quails and progeny were fed ad libitum for four weeks. The lowest hatchability of total eggs, fertility, and hatchability of fertile eggs was determined in the taurine group (77.5%, 91.5%, 84.70%, respectively) (p<0.05). Mid-term embryo mortality did not occur in the selenium group (p<0.05). Body weight, feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of progeny were not affected by supplementation with antioxidants (p>0.05). Supplementation of methionine and vitamin E increased glutathione peroxidase enzyme concentration in liver tissue of chicks at hatching (1.58 ng/mg and 1.88 ng/mg, respectively) and 21-d-old (2.74 ng/mg and 2.72 ng/mg, respectively). The addition of antioxidants to the diet increased the total antioxidant capacity in liver tissue only at hatching (p<0.05). Dietary antioxidant supplementation to breeder feed down-regulated GPX1 gene expression in progeny at hatching. As a result, antioxidant supplementation to breeder basal diet affected the hatchability of total eggs, fertility, embryonic deaths, glutathione peroxidase enzyme concentration, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase 1 gene expression levels.
Inclusion of Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Standard or Omega-3 Fatty Acids Enriched Laying Hens Diets: Effects on Performance, Egg Quality Parameters, Fatty Acid Composition and Individual Carotenoids Concentration of Egg Yolk
(Hellenic veterinary Medical Soc, 2024) Basmacioglu Malayoglu, H.; Aktas, B.; Karadas, F.; Ozdemir, P.
The effects of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) inclusion to standard or omega-3 fatty acids enriched laying hens' diets, on performance, egg quality parameters, fatty acids and individual carotenoids of egg yolk were investigated. The dietary treatments were designed as: standard (S) diet, 50 mg/kg L plus 50 mg/kg Z (S+L/Z (50+50)) or 100 mg/kg lutein plus 100 mg/kg zeaxanthin (S+L/Z (100+100)) added to S diet, Omega-3 fatty acids enriched (OM3) diet, 50 mg/kg lutein plus 50 mg/kg zeaxanthin (OM3+L/Z (50+50) or 100 mg/kg lutein plus 100 mg/kg zeaxanthin (OM3+L/Z (100+100)) added to OM3 diet. The study lasted for 5 weeks. Laying hens with a mean live weight of 1525.88 +/- 31.19 g were divided into six treatment groups, each group had three replicates. During the experimental period, there was no mortality rate recorded. Dietary inclusion of L/Z (50+50 or 100+100) either in the S or OM3 diets did not alter performance parameters. Eggs from hens fed an enriched diet (OM3) significantly increased (P<0.05) the albumen index and Haugh unit (HU). Dietary inclusion of L/Z (50+50 or 100+100) in the S or OM diet significantly improved (P<0.05) total carotenoid, unknown carotenoid, lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations of egg yolk compared to the S or OM diets. The yolk color a* value was significantly increased by inclusion of L/Z (50+50 or 100+100) to diets (S or OM3) (P<0.05) and this was correlated with increased (P<0.05) concentration of individual carotenoids. The major changes in egg yolk fatty acid MUFA and PUFA composition occurred when laying hens were fed with OM3 or OM3+L/Z (50+50 or 100+100) diets.
Maternal Selenium Nutrition: Effects on Egg and Chick Selenium Status
(Poultry Science Assoc inc, 2005) Surai, P. F.; Pappas, A. C.; Karadas, F.; Speake, B. K.; Sparks, N. H. C.
Photoperiodic Lighting (16 Hours of Light:8 Hours of Dark) Programs During Incubation: 1. Effects on Growth and Circadian Physiological Traits of Embryos and Early Stress Response of Broiler Chickens
(Oxford Univ Press, 2012) Ozkan, S.; Yalcin, S.; Babacanoglu, E.; Kozanoglu, H.; Karadas, F.; Uysal, S.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a 16L:8D photoperiod during incubation, either during the whole incubation period (Inc(0-21d)) or the last week of incubation (Inc(14-21d))1 on embryo growth, incubation performance, and light:dark rhythm of plasma melatonin and corticosterone in relation to early stress responses of newly hatched chicks to the posthatching environment. A dark incubation condition (Inc(Dark)) served as control. Three batches of eggs (n = 1,080, 1,320, 720) from Ross 308 broiler breeders were used in the experiment. Embryos from Inc(0-21d) presented a daily rhythm of melatonin at internal pipping and hatching, but Inc(Dark) embryos did not. The Inc(14-21d) group had rhythmic plasma melatonin at hatching only. A L:D rhythm of corticosterone was apparent at hatching. A significant incubation x sampling time interaction suggested that a lower increment in blood corticosterone level in Inc(0-21d) at 8 h posthatching (light period), as compared with hatching (dark period) values, might be associated with probable changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in Inc(0-21d) through incubation lighting. This finding may also suggest improved adaptation to the posthatching environment. Incubation lighting did not consistently affect brain malondialdehyde concentration; the only difference between groups was higher concentrations at hatching in Inc(14-21d), whereas incubation groups at the internal pipping stage had similar values. Mean relative asymmetry (RA) did not differ with incubation lighting. The malondialdehyde and RA results indicate that neither lighting nor darkness during the overall incubation exacerbated embryo oxidative and developmental stress. An increased breast muscle weight was observed at hatching only in Inc(14-21d). The Inc(0-21d) group had increased embryo weights relative to egg weight and decreased residual yolk but had no effect on chick weight, relative heart and liver (% of embryo weight), hatch-ability, embryo mortality, incubation time, oxidative stress, or mean RA. In conclusion, these results provide further evidence that photoperiodic lighting during incubation (Inc(0-21d)) may improve adaptation of chicks to a novel environment at hatching, possibly giving birds a better start for early posthatching development.