Browsing by Author "Kavak, Servet"

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3.5 Ghz Radiofrequency Radiation May Affect Biomechanics of Bone and Muscle of Diabetics
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Bektas, Hava; Dasdag, Suleyman; Nalbant, Asrin; Akdag, Mahmut Berat; Demir, Canan; Kavak, Servet
With the developments in wireless technologies, living beings are increasingly exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). EMFs are known to affect bone metabolism and muscle tissue. However, their effects on bones and skeletal muscles are controversial, as some studies have reported positive effects while others have reported adverse effects. In this study, the effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) on bone biomechanics and skeletal muscle tissues were investigated in diabetic and healthy rats. Rats were exposed to 3.5 GHz RFR for 2 h per day for 30 days. Bone biomechanics measurements were taken to evaluate the effects of RFR on bone quality, flexibility and durability. The whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) was found to be 37 mW/kg. The results showed that RFR exposure had adverse effects on bone biomechanics, including decreased elasticity coefficient and Young's modulus, increased maximum displacement and decreased maximum force. However, oxidative stress parameters in diabetics were also altered by 3.5 GHz RFR to a greater extent than in healthy rats. In conclusion, 3.5 GHz RFR may have potential to alter bone quality and structural integrity including muscle oxidative stress parameters in rats. It should be emphasized that the observed changes were more obvious in diabetic rats. In addition, the changes observed in healthy and diabetic rats exposed to RFR showed a statistically significant difference according to the sham groups.
Adverse Effects of 900, 1800 and 2100 Mhz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted From Mobile Phones on Bone and Skeletal Muscle
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2023) Bektas, Hava; Nalbant, Asrin; Akdag, Mahmut Berat; Demir, Canan; Kavak, Servet; Dasdag, Suleyman
The goal of this study was to biomechanically and morphologically research both the impact of mobile phone like radiofrequency radiations (RFR) on the tibia and the effects on skeletal muscle through oxidative stress parameters. Fifty-six rats (200-250 g) were put into groups: healthy sham (n = 7), healthy RFR (900, 1800, 2100 MHz) (n = 21), diabetic sham (n = 7) and diabetic RFR (900, 1800, 2100 MHz) (n = 21). Over a month, each group spent two hours/day in a Plexiglas carousel. The rats in the experimental group were exposed to RFR, but the sham groups were not. At the end of the experiment, the right tibia bones and skeletal muscle tissue were removed. The three-point bending test and radiological evaluations were performed on the bones, and CAT, GSH, MDA, and IMA in muscles were measured. There were differences in biomechanics properties and radiological evaluations between the groups (p < .05). In the measurements in the muscle tissues, significant differences were statistically found (p < .05). The average whole-body SAR values for GSM 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz were 0.026, 0.164, and 0.173 W/kg. RFRs emitted from mobile phone may cause adverse effects on tibia and skeletal muscle health, though further studies are needed.
Analysis of the Influences of Short-Term Levosimendan Exposure on Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and Trace-Element Levels in the Physiological Status of the Thoracic Aorta of Rats
(Springer, 2012) Aydin, Cemalettin; Ay, Yasin; Basel, Halil; Kavak, Servet; Inan, Bekir; Bektas, Hava; Demir, Halit
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of levosimendan (chemical formula C14H12N6O) exposure on oxidant/antioxidant status and trace-element levels in the thoracic aorta of rats. Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups of eight animals each. Group 1 was not exposed to levosimendan and served as a control. Levosimendan (12 mu g/kg) diluted in 10 ml 0.5 % dextrose was administered intraperitoneally to group 2. Animals of both groups were killed after 3 days, and their thoracic aortae were harvested for determination of changes in tissue oxidant/antioxidant status and trace-element levels. The animals in both groups were killed 72 h after levosimendan exposure, and thoracic aortae were harvested for determination of the lipid peroxidation product MDA and antioxidant GSH levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, GSH-Px and CAT. It was found that MDA, GSH and CAT enzyme levels increased in thoracic aortae of rats after levosimendan administration. SOD and CA enzyme activities and the level of antioxidant GSH decreased in thoracic aortae of rats after levosimendan treatment. Pb, Cd and Fe levels of thoracic aortae were significantly higher (P < 0.001) and Mg, Mn, Zn and Cu were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the levosimendan group compared to the control group. These results suggest that short-term levosimendan treatment caused an increase in free radical production and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity in thoracic aortae of levosimendan-treated rats. It also causes a decrease or increase in many mineral levels of the thoracic aorta, which is an undesirable condition for normal pharmacological function.
Biomechanical Effects of Menopause in Ovariectomized Rats' Femurs
(informa Healthcare, 2014) Okyay, Ayse Guler; Kavak, Servet; Turktas, Ugur; Alkis, Ismet; Guner, Savas; Aksakal, Bunyamin
Objective: To demonstrate the biomechanical changes in rat bones occurred by surgical menopause and to search for correlation between biomechanical test results and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. Methods: Thirty female Wistar-albino rats aged 6 months and weighed 250-300 g were randomized into ovariectomy, sham and control groups. After 6 months, rats were sacrificed and right femurs were extracted. BMD measurements and three point bending biomechanical tests were made in femurs. Results: The difference among the mean BMD measurements of three groups were found to be statistically significant (Pr>F value <0.0001). Mean elastic module, maximum elongation and femoral diameters were also found to be statistically significantly different (Pr>F value <0.05). Ovariectomised and sham-operated groups were significantly different in terms of elastic modulus. Ultimate force did not differ among the groups significantly. The difference between ultimate strain and maximum elongation of the ovariectomy and sham operated group was statistically significant. Conclusions: Bone quality was deteriorated and fragility was increased in rats 6 months after surgical menopause. Sole BMD measurement might not be reliable in evaluation of osteoporosis and fracture risk. Biomechanical quality of bone is more important than its mineral content in determining fragility.
Biomechanical Effects of Menopause in Ovariectomized Rats' Femurs (Vol 30, Pg 62, 2014)
(informa Healthcare, 2014) Okyay, Ayse Guler; Kavak, Servet; Turktas, Ugur; Alkis, Ismet; Guner, Savas; Aksakal, Bunyamin
Deterioration of Bone Quality by Streptozotocin (stz)-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rats
(Humana Press inc, 2011) Erdal, Nurten; Gurgul, Serkan; Kavak, Servet; Yildiz, Altan; Emre, Mustafa
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have various skeletal disorders and bone quality can be impaired in DM leading to fractures. Wistar albino male rats (270-300 g; n=16) were assigned randomly to nondiabetic and diabetic rats (single dose intravenous injection of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin). All rats in each group were perpetuated for 8 weeks, and blood glucose levels as well as body weights were measured once weekly. Biomechanical measurements were performed at the mid-diaphysis of the left femur with tensile test. Extrinsic and intrinsic properties were measured or calculated. Bone mineral density (BMD) was also evaluated and measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cross-sectional area of the femoral shaft was evaluated by computerized tomography. Blood glucose levels in diabetic rats were significantly increased compared to that of the nondiabetic rats, while the body and femur weights were decreased (P<0.05). In respect to the BMD, cross-sectional area and femur length, there were no statistically significant differences between the nondiabetic and diabetic rats (P>0.05). The maximum load, ultimate stress, and toughness endpoints in diabetic rats were significantly decreased compared to that of the nondiabetics (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the nondiabetic and diabetic rats with regard to the displacement and stiffness (P>0.05). Femurs of diabetic rats had less absorbed energy than that in nondiabetics (P<0.05). Ultimate strain was lower in diabetic rats than that in nondiabetics, while the elastic modulus was higher (P>0.05). The bone quality of rats is decreased by streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Diabetik Polinöropatide Tens Uygulaması ile Ayak Ülserlerinin İyileşmesi: Bir Olgu Sunumu
(2002) Tulgar, Metin; Algül, Ekrem; Kavak, Servet; Tulgar, Oya
Diabetik hastalarda alt ekstremitelerde iskemik ağrılara yol açan vasküler sorunların ortaya çıktığı, periferik nöropati ve kanlanma yetersizliğinin patogenezinde rol oynadığı ayak ülserlerinin gelişebildiği bilinmektedir. Bu olgu sunumunda, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Araştırma Hastanesi Dahiliye Polikliniği'ne ayaklarda nöropatik ağrı ve ülser yakınması ile başvuran 58 yaşındaki, 16 yıllık diabetli bir bayan hastada Transkütanöz Elektriksel Sinir Stimülasyonu (TENS) seansları süresince ayak ülserlerinde görülen gerileme ve 30 günlük tedavi sonundaki iyilik hali bildirilmiştir. TENS tedavisinin ülserlerin iyileşmesinde oynayabileceği rol tartışılmıştır ve TENS tedavisi ile benzeri bulguları olan hastalarda vazodilatasyon ve kronik ülserlerde iyileşme sağlanabildiği konusundaki çalışmalar gözden geçirilmiştir.
Effect of Crush and Axotomy of Phrenic Nerves on Oxidative Stress in Diaphragm Muscle of Rats
(Wiley, 2012) Sayir, Fuat; Kavak, Servet; Meral, Ismail; Demir, Halit; Cengiz, Nurettin; Cobanoglu, Ufuk
Introduction: In this study we investigated the effect of crush and axotomy of phrenic nerves on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in rat diaphragm muscle. Methods: The animals in the first group were not crushed or axotomized and served as controls. Phrenic nerves of the rats in the second and third groups were crushed or axotomized in the diaphragm muscle. Results: The malondialdehyde level increased in diaphragm muscles after both crush and axotomy. The antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, carbonic anhydrase, and catalase, decreased in diaphragm muscles after both crush and axotomy. Conclusions: Crushing or axotomizing the phrenic nerves may produce oxidative stress in the diaphragm muscle of the rat by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities. Muscle Nerve, 2012
The Effect of Drospirenone/Estradiol Treatment on Catalase and Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme Activities, and Some Mineral Concentrations in Ovariectomized Rats
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2011) Alkis, Ismet; Kavak, Servet; Meral, Ismail; Oto, Gokhan; Demir, Halit
This study was designed to investigate the effect of drospirenone/estradiol (Angeliq (R)) on erythrocyte CAT and CA enzyme activities, and serum Fe, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn and Cd concentrations in ovariectomized- and drospirenone/estradiol-treated rats. Forty Female Wistar-albino rats were divided randomly into four groups, each consisting of ten rats. The animals in the first group were not treated, and served as control. The animals in the second group were operated but not ovariectomized and served as sham group. The animals in the third group were operated, ovariectomized but not treated with drospirenone/estradiol and served as ovariectomized group. The animals in the fourth group were operated, ovariectomized and treated with 0.01 mg/kg 17 beta-estradiol and 0.02 mg/kg drospirenone daily, p.o. for four weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of the application period for the determination of the erythrocyte catalase (CAT) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activities as well as serum Fe, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn and Cd concentrations. It was found that although erythrocyte CAT enzyme activity decreased in sham group, CA enzyme activity increased in angeliq group. Serum Pb levels of angeliq group and serum Mg levels of sham, ovariectomized and angeliq groups decreased. Serum Co, Cu, Mn and Fe levels increased in angeliq group. There was no significant difference among groups with regard to the serum Cd or Zn levels. It was concluded that hormonal replacement therapy might provide beneficial effects on blood antioxidant enzyme activity, heavy metal and some trace element levels in menopause. However, more studies are needed to verify and clarify the relationship between the hormonal replacement therapy and blood antioxidant status and trace element levels in menopause.
Effect of Levosimendan Injection on Oxidative Stress of Rat Myocardium
(Sage Publications inc, 2013) Basel, Halil; Kavak, Servet; Demir, Halit; Meral, Ismail; Ekim, Hasan; Bektas, Hava
This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of levosimendan injection on lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in myocardium of rats. Twenty male Wistar-albino rats were divided randomly into 2 study groups, each consisting of 10 rats. The animals in the first group were not treated with drug and served as control. It was found that the MDA and GSH levels decreased in levosimendan injected group. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and carbonic anhydrase enzyme activities were lower in levosimendan injected group than controls. It was concluded that lower tissue free radical level caused by levosimendan injection led to a lower antioxidant enzymes synthesis in the body and a decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activity and free radical scavenger level in myocardium of rat.
Effect of Short-Term Treatment With Levosimendan on Oxidative Stress in Renal Tissues of Rats
(Sage Publications inc, 2014) Gecit, Ilhan; Kavak, Servet; Yuksel, Mehmet Bilgehan; Basel, Halil; Bektas, Hava; Gumrukcuoglu, Hasan Ali; Demir, Halit
The aim of this study is to evaluate the influences of short-term treatment with levosimendan (chemical formula: C14H12N6O) on oxidative stress and some trace element levels in renal tissues of healthy rats. A total of 20 male Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into two groups, each consisting of 10 rats. Animals in the first group were not treated with levosimendan and served as control. Animals in the second group were injected intraperitoneally with 12 mu g/kg levosimendan and served as levosimendan group. Animals in both the groups were killed 3 days after the treatment, and their kidneys were harvested for the determination of tissue oxidant/antioxidant statues and trace element levels in renal tissues. The tissue malondialdehyde level was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in levosimendan group than in controls. The protective enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and antioxidant glutathione level were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in levosimendan group than in controls. It was concluded that levosimendan reduced oxidative stress by avoiding lipid peroxidation and production of reactive oxygen species, and overactivating and/or increasing the protective antioxidant enzyme levels in renal tissues of rats. It is supposed that this experimental study provides beneficial data for clinicians in the management of renal tissue damage related to obstruction and/or ischemia.
Effects of Crush and Axotomy on Oxidative Stress and Some Trace Element Levels in Phrenic Nerve of Rats
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Sayir, Fuat; Kavak, Servet; Meral, Ismail; Demir, Halit; Cengiz, Nurettin; Cobanoglu, Ufuk
This study was designed to investigate the effect of crush and axotomy on oxidative stress and some trace element levels in phrenic nerve of rats. Eighteen male Wistar-albino rats were divided randomly into three groups, each consisting of 6 rats. The animals in the first group were not crushed or axotomized and served as control. Phrenic nerves of the animals in the second and third groups were crushed and axotomized, respectively. Animals in all groups were sacrificed one week after the crush or axotomy, and degenerated phrenic nerves were harvested for the determination of tissue oxidative stress and trace element levels. Lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde and antioxidant glutathione levels increased in both crushed and axotomized phrenic nerves. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were lower in crushed and axotomized phrenic nerves than in controls. The levels of Fe, Pb, Mn, Cd and Co increased, and Mg and Cu levels decreased in crushed phrenic nerves. The levels of Fe and Mg decreased, Pb and Co levels increased in axotomized phrenic nerves. It was concluded that crushing or axotomizing the phrenic nerves may produce oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and decresing antioxidant enzyme activities. It was also concluded that while crush to phrenic nerves causes accumulation of minerals, axotomizing phrenic nerves causes depletion of minerals in the tissues. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effects of Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy Directed at the Parotid Gland on Oxidative Stress Parameters and Some Trace Element Levels in Facial Nerve of Rats
(Wiley, 2012) Kavak, Servet; Garca, M. Fatih; Gecit, Ilhan; Meral, Ismail; Cengiz, Nurettin; Demir, Halit
Introduction: This study was designed to assess the effect of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) exposure of the parotid gland on oxidative stress and some trace element levels in the facial nerves of rats. Methods: Twelve male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups, each consisting of 6 animals. The rats in the first group served as controls. The left parotid glands of animals in the second group were treated with 1000 18-kV shock waves while anesthetized with ketamine. The animals in both groups were euthanized 72 h after the ESWL treatment, and the right facial nerve was harvested for determination of oxidant/antioxidant status and trace element levels. Results: Lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels increased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), decreased in the facial nerves of ESWL-treated rats. The levels of iron, lead, manganese, and cobalt increased, and magnesium, cadmium, and copper levels decreased. Conclusions: ESWL treatment of the parotid gland may increase lipid peroxidation and decrease antioxidant enzyme activity in adjacent tissues such as the facial nerve. It also causes a decrease or increase in many mineral levels of the facial nerve, which is an undesirable condition for normal physiological function. Muscle Nerve, 2012
The Effects of High-Rate Frequency Modulation Treatment on Malondialdehyde in Diabetic Polineuropaty
(Blackwell Publishing, 2006) Kavak, Tuyana; Kavak, Servet; Emre, Mustafa; Tulgar, Metin; Dulger, Haluk; Cankaya, Soner
Effects of Insulin on Altered Mechanical and Electrical Papillary Muscle Activities of Diabetic Rats
(Springer, 2013) Kavak, Servet
Since insulin compounds can restore some metabolic parameters and lipid profile alterations of the diabetic rat heart, we investigated whether these beneficial effects extend to diabetic rat cardiac dysfunctions. Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats, 6 months of age with an average body weight of 250-320 g, were divided randomly into three groups, each consisting of eight rats: control-group (C) rats were fed with standard rat nutrient and water; diabetic-group (D) rats were treated with a single intramuscular injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg), dissolved in 0.01 M sodium citrate, pH adjusted to 4.5; and insulin-treated diabetic group (D + INS) rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of 1 IU/l insulin (INS) twice a day after a single intramuscular injection of STZ (45 mg/kg). Treatment of D rats with INS caused a time-dependent decrease in blood glucose. We found that the lipid profile and HbA(1c) levels in the D + INS group reached the values of control rats at the end of the treatment period. Contraction force in group D was compared with values from groups C and D + INS (p < 0.05). Values were obtained at a muscle contraction and relaxation time of milliseconds, with contraction time in D compared to C and D compared to D + INS and C (p < 0.05). Rate-dependent changes in action potential configuration in left ventricular papillary muscle obtained from 8-week control, STZ-treated D and D + INS rats showed significant membrane potential changes between C and STZ-treated D animals. Action potential amplitude showed significant changes between matched D + INS and STZ-treated D animals. Depolarization time showed significant changes between C and STZ-treated D animals and between the D + INS and D groups. Half-repolarization time showed significant changes between D + INS and STZ-treated D animals and compared to the D and C groups. Our data suggest that the beneficial effects of insulin treatment on the mechanical and electrical activities of the diabetic rat heart appear to be due to restoration of the diminished K+ currents, partially related to the restoration of hyperglycemia.
Effects of Insuline on Oxidative Stress and Free Fatty Acid Level in Left Ventricular Muscles of Diabetic Rats
(Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2009) Kavak, Servet; Ayaz, Lokman; Emre, Mustafa; Bozkurt, Abdi
Studies were carried out to examine and compare the effects of streptozotocin-diabetes on 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), Malondialdhyde (MDA) and lipid profiles related parameters in the heart from male rats. Effects of insulin (INS) treatment were also evaluated. The diabetic state severely compromised the 3-NT, MDA and lipid profiles defense mechanism in the left ventricular muscle tissue and the effects were more pronounced in the male rats. Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into an untreated control group (C), a diabetic group (D) that was treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg kg(-1)), D + INS group which were treated with INS one times a day by injection subcutaneous, respectively. Lipid profiles, HbA1c and blood glucose levels in the circulation and MDA and 3-NT levels in left ventricular muscle were measured. Treatment of diabetic rats with INS resulted in a time-dependent decrease in blood glucose. It is found that the lipid profile and HbA1c levels in D + INS group reached the untreated control group rat values at the end of the treatment period. It is found that the lipid profile and HbA1c levels in D + INS group reached the C rat values at the end of the treatment period. In group D, 3-NT and MDA levels were found to be increased when compared with C and D + INS groups. In the D + INS group, MDA levels were found to be decreased when compared with untreated control group. This study shows a direct correlation between hyperglycemia and the production of MDA and nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress, in diabetic rat left ventricular muscle.
The Effects of Phrenic Nerve Degeneration by Axotomy and Crush on the Electrical Activities of Diaphragm Muscles of Rats
(Humana Press inc, 2016) Alkis, Mehmet Esref; Kavak, Servet; Sayir, Fuat; Him, Aydin
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of axotomy and crush-related degeneration on the electrical activities of diaphragm muscle strips of experimental rats. In the present study, twenty-one male Wistar-albino rats were used and divided into three groups. The animals in the first group were not crushed or axotomized and served as controls. Phrenic nerves of the rats in the second and third groups were crushed or axotomized in the diaphragm muscle. Resting membrane potential (RMP) was decreased significantly in both crush and axotomy of diaphragm muscle strips of experimental rats (p < 0.05). Depolarization time (T (DEP)) and half-repolarization (1/2 RT) time were significantly prolonged in crush and axotomy rats (p < 0.05). Crushing or axotomizing the phrenic nerves may produce electrical activities in the diaphragm muscle of the rat by depolarization time and half-repolarization time prolonged in crush and axotomy rats.
Effects of Rosiglitazone With Insulin Combination Therapy on Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile in Left Ventricular Muscles of Diabetic Rats
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2012) Kavak, Servet; Ayaz, Lokman; Emre, Andmustafa
Purpose. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that rosiglitazone (RSG) with insulin is able to quench oxidative stress initiated by high glucose through prevention of NAD(P) H oxidase activation. Methods and Materials. Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into an untreated control group (C), a diabetic group (D) that was treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mgkg(-1)), and rosiglitazone group that was treated with RSG twice daily by gavage and insulin once daily by subcutaneous injection (group B). HbA1c and blood glucose levels in the circulation and malondialdehyde and 3-nitrotyrosine levels in left ventricular muscle were measured. Result. Treatment of D rats with group B resulted in a time-dependent decrease in blood glucose. We found that the lipid profile and HbA1c levels in group B reached the control group D rat values at the end of the treatment period. There was an increase in 3-nitrotyrosine levels in group D compared to group C. Malondialdehyde and 3-nitrotyrosine levels were found to be decreased in group B compared to group D (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Our data suggests that the treatment of diabetic rats with group B for 8 weeks may decrease the oxidative/nitrosative stress in left ventricular tissue of rats. Thus, in diabetes-related vascular diseases, group B treatment may be cardioprotective.
Effects of Shock Waves on Oxidative Stress and Some Trace Element Levels of Rat Liver and Diaphragm Muscles
(Wiley, 2012) Gecit, Ilhan; Kavak, Servet; Meral, Ismail; Gunes, Mustafa; Pirincci, Necip; Sayir, Fuat; Ceylan, Kadir
This study was designed to investigate whether the short-term extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) exposure to kidney produces an oxidative stress and a change in some trace element levels in liver and diaphragm muscles of rats. Twelve male Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into two groups, each consisting of six rats. The animals in the first group did not receive any treatment and served as control group. The right-side kidneys of animals in group 2 were treated with two-thousand 18?kV shock waves while anesthetized with 50?mg kg-1 ketamine. The localization of the right kidney was achieved after contrast medium injection through a tail vein under fluoroscopy control. The animals were killed 72 h after the ESWL treatment, and liver and diaphragm muscles were harvested for the determination of tissue oxidative stress and trace element levels. Although the malondialdehyde level increased, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities decreased in the livers and diaphragm muscles of ESWL-treated rats. Although glutathione level increased in liver, it decreased in diaphragm muscles of ESWL-treated animals. Fe, Mg and Mn levels decreased, and Cu and Pb levels increased in the livers of ESWL-treated animals. Fe and Cu levels increased, and Mg, Pb, Mn and Zn levels decreased in the diaphragm muscles of ESWL-treated animals. It also causes a decrease or increase in many mineral levels in liver and diaphragm muscles, which is an undesirable condition for the normal physiological function of tissues. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Shock Waves on Oxidative Stress in Parotid Gland of Rat
(Sage Publications inc, 2014) Garca, M. Fatih; Kavak, Servet; Gecit, Ilhan; Meral, Ismail; Demir, Halit; Turan, Mahfuz; Cankaya, Hakan
This study was designed to investigate whether extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) exposure to parotid gland produces an oxidative stress in parotid glands of rats. Twelve male Wistar-albino rats, 6 months of age with an average body weight of 250-300 g, were divided randomly into two groups, each consisting of six rats. The animals in the first group did not receive any treatment and served as control. The left parotid glands of animals in group 2 (ESWL treated) received a thousand 18 kV shock waves after anesthetizing the rats with 50 mg/kg of ketamine. The animals in both groups were killed 72 hours after the ESWL treatment, and the parotid glands were harvested for the determination of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH-Px and catalase (CAT). It was found that MDA level increased in parotid glands of rats after the ESWL treatment. The SOD, GSH-Px and CAT enzyme activities, and the level of antioxidant GSH decreased in parotid gland of rats after the ESWL treatment. It was concluded that short-term ESWL treatment caused an increase in the free radical production and a decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activity in parotid glands of ESWL-treated rats.