Browsing by Author "Kaya, Ilhan"

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Antimicrobial Activity of Various Extracts of Ocimum Basilicum L. and Observation of the Inhibition Effect on Bacterial Cells by Use of Scanning Electron Microscopy
(African Networks Ethnomedicines, 2008) Kaya, Ilhan; Yigit, Nazife; Benli, Mehlika
The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. were studied. These extracts were tested in vitro against 10 bacteria and 4 yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extracts of O. basilucum exhibited the antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. While the chloroform and acetone extracts had no effect, the methanol extracts showed inhibition zones against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and two different strains of Escherichia coli. The cells of microorganisms, which were treated and untreated with plant extracts, were observed by using the scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the treated cells were damaged.
The Applications of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (Amf) and Atrazine on Silage Maize (Zea Mays L.) at Different Irrigation Regimes
(Wfl Publ, 2011) Demir, Semra; Celebi, Seyda Zorer; Kaya, Ilhan; Sahar, A. Korhan
In this study we tried to determine the effects of applications of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and atrazine against weed and irrigation problems in silage maize cultivated at different irrigation regimes. It is already established that the application of AMF with atrazine influences some yield parameters (plant height, green herbage and thy matter yields, leaf, stem and ear percentages) in silage maize at all irrigation regimes positively. In the study it was quite striking that AM F-atrazine was much more effective compared with other levels of irrigation regimes and that there was reduction in weed density in these plots at irrigation regimes where water was not a limited factor. Besides, the effect of atrazine on AMF was analysed and it was established that AM F colonisation in atrazine applied plots decreased compared with non-applied ones.
Control of Smoothseed Alfalfa Dodder (Cuscuta Approximata) in Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa)
(Friends Science Publ, 2017) Tepe, Isik; Celebi, Seyda Zorer; Kaya, Ilhan; Ozkan, Reyyan Yergin
This study aimed to determine the most appropriate control methods for smoothseed alfalfa dodder (Cuscuta approximata Bab.), infesting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Van, Turkey. The effects of imazethaphyr and imazamox herbicides and their application times, including three cutting heights of alfalfa, on controlling dodder were investigated. The study had a split-plot design with four replications, and the trial was conducted under field conditions from 2010 to 2013. The results indicated that pre-emergence applications of imazethaphyr, pre- and post-emergence applications of imazamox, suppressed dodder during the first year after application; however, the effect decreased in the following years. In 2013, a substantial decrease in the hay yield and raw protein ratio of alfalfa was found. In addition, the control of dodder was not significantly affected by different cutting heights. (C) 2017 Friends Science Publishers
Determining Heavy Metal Contents of Hollyhock (Alcea Rosea L.) in Roadside Soils of a Turkish Lake Basin
(Hard, 2018) Kaya, Ilhan; Gulser, Fusun
This study was carried out to determine the heavy metal contents of hollyhock (Alcea rosea L.) in roadside soils of Van Lake Basin. The leaf samples of the hollyhock were taken from the roadside areas affected by heavy metal pollution due to intensive motorized traffic and from areas 30 m from the roadside by taking into account prevailing wind direction in 10 different locations. There were only significant differences for Mn, Cu, and Zn contents of leaves according to the sampling locations. The mean Fe (383.3 mg kg(-1)), Mn (50.2 mg kg(-1)), Cu (19.2 mg kg(-1)), Zn (23.9 mg kg(-1)), Cd (17.9 mg kg(-1)), Cr (5.1 mg kg(-1)), Ni (3.2 mg kg(-1)), and Pb (3.2 mg kg(-1)) contents of leaves sampled from roadside areas were significantly higher than mean heavy metal contents of leaves sampled from the areas 30 m from the roadside. The increasing ratios in mean heavy metal contents of leaves were ordered as Cd (309.3%) > Cr (248.9%) > Ni (130.6%) > Fe (75.9%) > Pb (64.3%) > Mn (40.6%) > Cu (26.1%) > Zn (22.7%). High heavy metal uptake by the plants grown near the roadside occurred due to pollution by intensive motorized traffic.
Effect of Atrazine Applications on Weed Growth and Yield at Different Irrigation Levels in Corn (Zea Mays L.) Growth
(Academic Journals, 2010) Kaya, Ilhan; Celebi, Seyda Zorer; Yergin, Reyyan; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki
Corn (Zea mays L.), for silage, is very important in animal feeding because winter seasonal conditions last longer in Eastern Turkey. Corn yield components were investigated in plots, in which herbicide had been applied and also not applied at different irrigation levels in this study. The study lasted for two years and soil-water content was kept at five different levels [96% (I-1), 63% (I-2), 32% (I-3), 15% (I-4) and 4% (I-5)]. The species and intensities of the weeds at the irrigation levels were determined in the study. Plant length, green and dry herbage yields, leaf, stem and ear ratios were studied as criteria for corn yield. At the same irrigation levels, higher efficiency values were determined according to non applied plots in the atrazine applied plots. In both years, the lowest green herbage and dry herbage yields were determined at I-4 and I-5 irrigation levels. The weeds that are mostly seen on the plots, in which atrazine had not been applied are Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. and Sinapis arvensis L, respectively. Similarly, for both years, high densities of weeds were observed in the highly moisturized lands. The atrazine activities increased at the I-1 and I-2 irrigation levels in which water content of the soil is high.
Genetic Diversity and Relationship Analysis Among Accessions of Aegilops Ssp in Turkey Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (Aflp) Markers
(Academic Journals, 2011) Kaya, Ilhan; Kirisozu, Asude Callak; Ersoy, Figen Yildirim; Dere, Sahin; Akkaya, Mahinur S.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and relationships between 55 accessions of genus Aegilops, including the species Aegilops triuncialis L. (UUCC), Aegilops geniculata Roth (MMUU), Aegilops cylindrica Host (CCDD) and Aegilops umbellulata Zhuk (UU). The samples were collected from Aegean region and East Anatolia, Turkey. 16 AFLP selective primer combinations generated a total of 3200 polymorphic amplification products. 50 Aegilops accessions were analyzed using the data analysis software, unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average (UPGMA) method and numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system (NTSYSpc-2.02k). The similarity index coefficients were calculated according to simple matching coefficient. Using 16 AFLP primer combinations, species from Aegean region and east Anatolia were clustered as four major groups. Aegilops species having U genome clustered together and A. cylindrica host was out grouped.
Investigation of Palinological Features of Taxa Belonging To the Genus Cuscuta Distributed in Turkey
(Friends Science Publ, 2017) Demir, Ibrahim; Kaya, Ilhan; Benli, Mehlika; Altinoglu, Mustafa Kemal
In this study the species belonging to Cuscuta L. genus showing the distribution of agricultural and non-agricultural lands in Turkey was examined palynological perspective. This study was carried out between the years 2013-2015. The pollen morphology of 15 taxa of Cuscuta, including C. campestris Yunck., C. hyalina Roth., C. lupuliformis Krock., C. monogyna Vahl subsp. monogyna, C. monogyna Vahl subsp. esqumata (Englm.) Plitm., C. kotschyana Boiss. subsp. caudata Bornm & Schwarz, C. babylonica Aucher ex Choisy var. babylonica, C. babylonica Aucher ex Choisy var. elegans (Boiss. & Bal.) Englm., C. europaea L., C. kurdica Engelm., C. epithymum L., C. brevistyla A. Braun ex A. Rich., C. planiflora Ten., C. approximata Bab. var. approximata, and C. approximata Bab. var. macranthera (Boiss.) Feinbr. & Greuter was investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). C. campestris and C. brevistyla species were found 3 (-4) zonocolpate, C. planiflora 3 (-6) zonocolpate. Pollen structure of taxa belonging to Cuscuta L. genus were determined prolate, subprolate, perprolate and prolate-spheroidal. The apertures of the pollens of these taxa were found scabrate, scabrate-perforate, oscabrate-perforate, reticulate and ekinate-reticulate. It was concluded that the pollen characteristics are convenient and a reliable method in identifying species. (C) 2017 Friends Science Publishers
Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Its Region of Nuclear Ribosomal Dna for Species Identification in Dodders (Cuscuta; Convolvulaceae)
(Friends Science Publ, 2017) Keskin, Fatma; Kaya, Ilhan; Usta, Mustafa; Demir, Ibrahim; Sipahioglu, Hikmet Murat; Nemli, Yildiz
Dodder (Cuscuta sp.) is an obligate parasitic plant that is very difficult to control. In plants the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 18S-5.8S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) has been considered one of the most important sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Here we report the analysis of nrDNA's ITS sequences as an efficient tool to study the phylogeny of dodders collected from various provinces of Eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Genomic DNA of six dodder samples belonging to 4 distinct species was extracted from body tissue samples. The sequences of 18S rRNA, ITS-1, 5.8S rRNA, ITS-2 and 26S rRNA regions of 4 Cuscuta species were determined by molecular cloning and sequencing. The identity of cloned fragments was compared to determine sequence identity using NCBI database. Bootstrap analysis of nrDNA of C. approximate, C. lupuliformis, C. campestris and C. babylonica indicated high sequence identity with similar sequences belonging to different geographical origins of the world retrieved from NCBI database. Our results clearly showed that the most stable secondary structure derived from the sequences obtained by universal ITS4 and ITS5 primers is very efficient tool for identification of Cuscuta species when used in combination with phylogenetic analysis. (C) 2017 Friends Science Publishers
Molecular Phylogeny Based on Its Sequences of Nrdna of Some Species Belonging To Dodder (Cuscuta L.) Genus From Various Ecological Sites of Turkey
(Univ Agr Sci & veterinary Med Cluj-napoca, 2020) Demir, Ibrahim; Kaya, Ilhan; Usta, Mustafa; Sipahioglu, Hikmet M.
Nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequence data of the Cuscuta genus, which have been considered as one of the most popular sequences for phylogenetic inference in plants, have been studied from a phylogenetic perspective in agricultural and non-agricultural lands of Turkey. The samples of Cuscuta spp. were collected from different geographical regions of Turkey between the years of 2013-2015. Some other species, not available locally, were taken from the herbarium samples of some research units. In order to study the phylogenetic relations of collected species, DNA isolations were made from body tissue samples. Conserved regions on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were amplified by universal primers via PCR method and cloned into a proper cloning vector. The cloned DNA fragments were sequenced and analysed by web-based and computer programs. DNA sequences of certain species were recorded to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Based on the morphological examination and molecular analyses of fresh and the herbarium specimen, 8 species were identified. The identified species were C. hyalina (Gene bank accession no. KY020420), C. monogyna (KY020421), C. europaea (KY020422), C. palaestina (KY020423), C. approximata (KY020424), C. kurdica (KY020427), C. kotschyana (KY020430) and C. babylonica (KY020431). The ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region contains several indels in identified Cuscuta species with the length varying from 668 to 730 bp. Sequence divergence ranges from 1.00% to 8.00% within Cuscuta spp. Based on our findings, the ITS sequences provided phylogenetically informative results in combination with the secondary structures.
Pokeweed (Phytolacca Americana L.) Antiviral Protein Inhibits Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Infection in a Dose-Dependent Manner in Squash Plants
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2017) Sipahioglu, Hikmet Murat; Kaya, Ilhan; Usta, Mustafa; Unal, Murat; Ozcan, Dilek; Ozer, Meryem; Pallas, Vicente
Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) of Phytolacca americana L. (pokeweed) is a single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) characterized by its ability to depurinate plant ribosomes. Here, we isolated, cloned, and expressed the ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) gene, designated as pokeweed antiviral protein type 1 (PAP I), from the summer leaves of pokeweed collected from the Black Sea region (Turkey). Our findings presented here provide direct evidence that exogenous application of PAP I causes concentration-dependent inhibition of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) infection on squash plants. Squash plants were exposed to PAP I protein with and without DMSO for four consecutive days. Regular spraying of approximately 30 kDa recombinant PAP I at 2 mu g mL(-1) concentration prevented treated plants from mechanical virus infection. PAP I showed antiviral activity in 9 plants out of 15 inoculated plants. Remarkably, simultaneous application of PAP, DMSO, and ZYMV did not prevent virus infection, suggesting that PAP did not have any effect on viral RNA. In the absence of ZYMV the purified peptide was not cytotoxic for squash plants, although a reduction of plant size, possibly caused by host ribosome depurination, was observed.
Population Dynamics of Aphis Tirucallis Hille Ris Lambers, 1954 and Aphis Vallei Hille Ris Lambers & Stroyan, 1959 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Euphorbia Spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in Van, Turkey
(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2011) Ozgokce, Mehmet Salih; Kaya, Ilhan; Polat, Evin
This study was conducted in Van Province in 2006-2007 years. Samplings were performed in three different locations and aphids were directly counted of those collected from branches of Euphorbia spp. Aphis tirucallis Hille Ris Lambers, 1954 were found on Euphorbia heteradena Jaub. et Spach and Euphorbia seguieriana Necker subsp. seguieriana Necker while Aphis vallei Hille Ris Lambers & Stroyan, 1959 was found on Euphorbia macroclada Boiss. These are the first reports for the aphids and their host plants in this area. Population changes of the aphids were observed during two years. It was determined that both of aphids created higher population in the year 2007, which had more proper climate conditions.
Screening Antimicrobial Activity of Various Extracts of Artemisia Dracunculus L
(Wiley, 2007) Benli, Mehlika; Kaya, Ilhan; Yigit, Nazife
The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L. were studied. These extracts were tested against nine bacteria and four yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extract of A. dracunculus is more effective against tested microorganisms than chloroform or acetone extracts. The chloroform and acetone extracts were inhibitory only towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). While the methanol extract that was diluted with 10 ml distilled water showed inhibition zones against Shigella (RSHI), Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, R. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), the methanol extract that was diluted with 5 ml distilled water showed inhibition zones against two different strains of Escherichia coli (RSHI, ATCC 25922), Shigella (RSHI), L. monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The cells of microorganisms treated with plant extracts and normal microorganism cells were observed by scanning electron microscope. It was apparent that cells are damaged after treatment with A. dracunculus. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Şeytan Elması (Datura Stramonium L.) ve Sirken (Chenopodium Album L.) Etanol Ekstraktlarının Bitki Patojeni (Macrophomina Phaseolina ve Rhizoctonia Solani) Fungusları Üzerine Allelopatik Etkileri
(2024) Taştan, Ayhan; Fidan, Enes; Kaya, Ilhan
Bu çalışmada şeytan elması (Datura stramonium L.) ve sirken (Chenopodium album L.)’den elde edilen etanol ekstraktlarının toprak kökenli bitki patojeni olan Macrophomina phaseolina ve Rhizoctonia solani AG3 fungusları üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu patojenlerin mücadelesinde bitki koruma ürünlerine alternatif olabilecek bitkilerde sentezlenen doğal bileşikler ile insan ve çevreye duyarlı yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmalar tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre beş tekrarlı olarak Patates dekstroz agar (PDA) besi ortamında 9 cm’lik petri kaplarında in vitro koşullarda yürütülmüştür. Negatif kontrol için Captan 50 içerikli fungisit, pozitif kontrol için ise %0 saf su kullanılmıştır. Toplanan şeytan elması ve sirken bitkilerinden elde edilen etanol ektraktları %2, 4, 8, 16 ve 32 konsantrasyonlarında uygulanmıştır. Söz konusu test patojenlerinin ekimi gerçekleştirilmiş ve 24±1°C’ye ayarlı inkübatörlere gelişim için bırakılmıştır. Yedinci günün sonunda bu uygulamaların miseliyal gelişimleri ölçülerek değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Bu değerlendirmelere göre, şeytan elması ve sirkenden elde edilen etanol ekstraktlarının her iki patojenin gelişimini olumsuz etkilediği gözlenmiştir. Özellikle %8 üzerindeki etanol dozlarının her iki test patojeninde gelişimini tamamen engellediği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, şeytan elması ve sirkenin etanol ekstraktlarının M. phaseolina ve R. solani AG3 etmenlerine karşı pestisitlere alternatif olabilmeleri açısından ümitvar olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Some Important Plants Used Against Diabetes in Folkloric Medicine in Savur (mardin/Turkey) Area and Their Application Areas
(Univ Agricultural Sciences & veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2015) Arasan, Sukru; Kaya, Ilhan
In this study; it is aimed to determine the purpose and the mode of use of some important plants used against diabetes in folk medicine in Savur (Mardin). Surveys were carried out in Savur Town Centre, and in some towns and villages of Savur district, during the years of 2012-2013. A total of 207 resource persons were interviewed. As a result of the study, 10 species from different families were determined which have been used for against diabetes. The plants determined in research area were: Bryonia multiflora Boiss. & Heldr. (Ulungur), Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Miller var. mahaleb (L.) Miller (Mahlep), Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (Pirpirotu), Malva neglecta Wallr. (Cobancoregi), Olea europaea L. (Zeytin), Punica granatum L. (Nar), Teucrium polium L. (Aciyavman), Thymbra sintenisii Bornm & Aznav subsp. sintenisii (Akzahter), Quercus brantii Lindl. (Karamese), Cyclotrichium leucotrichum (Stapf ex Rech. Fil.) Leb. (Karacekme). Local names and the mode of use and necessary doses of therapeutic plants were documented.
Van İli’nde Astragalus L. Cinsine Ait Bazı Endemik Taksonların Taksonomik Özellikleri ve Dağılışları
(2024) Genli, Gülistan; Kaya, Ilhan; Muzaffer, Mükemre
Türkiye’de yayılış gösteren Astragalus cinsine ait taksonların çoğu benzer morfolojik özellikler gösterdiği için, bazı taksonların tür ve tür altı seviyesine kadar teşhis edilmesinde zorluk çekilmektedir. Yurdumuz florası ile ilgili ilk önemli yayın olan “Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands” yazımı tamamlandıktan sonraki yıllarda toplanan çok sayıda materyal teşhis edilirken karşılaşılan sorunlar sonucu bazı cinslerdeki problemler dikkat çekmiştir. Bu cinslerin başında benzer morfolojik özellikler gösteren Astragalus yer almaktadır (Davis, 1975). Astragalus cinsine ait taksonlar morfolojik olarak birbirine benzediği için yanlış teşhis edilmektedir. Bundan dolayı bu çalışmada, Van İlin’nde toplanan 14 endemik taksonun morfolojik bazı özellikleri incelenerek karşılaştırıldı. Ayrıca morfolojik karakterler esas alınarak 14 endemik türün teşhis anahtarı oluşturulmuş ve taksonların morfolojik özellikleri verilmiştir.