Browsing by Author "Keles, Omer Faruk"

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Antitumor Activity of Urtica Dioica Seed Extract on Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Carcinogenesis in Rats
(Natl inst Science Communication-niscair, 2024) Keles, Omer Faruk; Huyut, Zubeyir; Arslan, Mevlut; Yildizhan, Kenan; Yener, Zabit
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant health problem for human life; therefore, new therapeutic approaches are essential. In vitro studies have shown that the extract of Urtica dioica seed extract (UDSE) may be a crucial protective agent to prevent HCC. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antitumor efficacy of UDSE in the process of carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DENA). The antitumor efficacy was evaluated by examining liver tissue histopathology and expression of Hep par-1, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), caspase-3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the liver tissue and activities/levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 15-3, CA 19-9, CA 125-II in the serum, and also total oxidative stress (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant status (TAS) in the serum and liver. In addition, real-time PCR was used to evaluate the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL-1 beta, IL-6), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in liver tissue. It was observed that DENA application increased liver function tests, cancer markers, apoptosis, and proinflammatory cytokine levels, but UDSE application and DENA suppressed these increases. The findings and histopathological data demonstrated that the UDSE has a very significant antitumor efficacy on the process of DENA-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis, which appears to be attributable to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative activity.
Arı Ekmeğinin (Perga) Kadmiyuma Maruz Kalan Sıçan Böbreğindeki Histopatolojik Değişiklikler ve Apoptoz Belirteçlerinin İmmünohistokimyasal Ekspresyonu Üzerine Etkisi
(2024) Akkoyun, Turan; Keles, Omer Faruk; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu; Yaman, Turan
Kadmiyum (Cd), insanlarda ve hayvanlarda çeşitli organlarda toksisiteye neden olan çevresel ve endüstriyel bir kirleticidir. Arı ekmeği (perga), çok çeşitli farmakolojik özelliklere sahip doğal bir flavonoiddir. Bu çalışma, perganın Cd kaynaklı nefrotoksisite üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Otuz iki adet erkek Wistar sıçanı kontrol grubu, Cd grubu (5 mg/kg/gün, oral), Perga grubu (0.5 g/kg/gün, oral) ve Cd+Perga grubu olmak üzere rastgele 4 gruba ayrıldı. 28 günlük deneme süresi sonunda böbrek dokusu örnekleri alınarak histopatolojik, immünohistokimyasal ve biyokimyasal analizler yapıldı. Histopatolojik olarak Cd grubunda, Cd maruziyeti sonucu ciddi tübüler ve glomerüler hasar meydana geldi. İmmünohistokimyasal olarak Cd grubunda böbrek dokusunda caspas-3 ve Bax ekspresyonunda artış vardı. Biyokimyasal sonuçlara göre Cd grubunda katalaz, süperoksit dismutaz ve glutatyon peroksidaz antioksidan enzim seviyeleri azalırken, malondialdehit seviyeleri arttı. Ancak yukarıda belirtilen Cd'nin neden olduğu değişikliklerin çoğu, Perga + Cd grubunda perga tedavisiyle azaldı. Sonuç olarak, perga takviyesi böbrek dokusunda apoptozun inhibisyonu yoluyla Cd kaynaklı böbrek hasarını hafifletebilir.
Assessment of the Effect of Sodium Tetraborate on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Lead-Induced Nephrotoxicity
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Yaman, Turan; Akkoyun, H. Turan; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoglu; Karagozoglu, Fatma; Melek, Sule; Keles, Omer Faruk; Bengu, Aydin Sukru
Exposure to Pb, a toxic heavy metal, is a risk factor for renal damage. Borax, an essential trace element in cellular metabolism, is a naturally occurring compound found in many foods. This study investigated the effects of sodium tetraborate (ST), a source of borax, on renal oxidative stress and inflammation in rats exposed to Pb. Wistar Albino rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups: Control (0.5 mL, i.p. isotonic), Pb (50 mg/kg/day/i.p.), ST (4.0 mg/kg/day/oral), and Pb + ST groups. At the end of the five-day experimental period, kidney tissue samples were obtained and analyzed. Histopathologically, the Pb-induced damage observed in the Pb group improved in the Pb + ST group. Immunohistochemically, Pb administration increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and caspase-3. When evaluated biochemically, Pb application inhibited catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities and activated superoxide dismutase enzyme activity. An increase in malondialdehyde levels was considered an indicator of damage. ST application increases glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and decreased malondialdehyde levels. These results indicate that ST might play a protective role against Pb-induced renal damage via the upregulation of renal tissue antioxidants and cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and caspase-3 immunoexpression.
A Case of Pulmonary Linguatulosis in a Rabbit
(Urmia Univ, 2024) Keles, Omer Faruk
Linguatula serrata can infect most ruminants and cause accidental infections in humans. It is a causative parasite of linguatulosis, a disease that not only produces economic losses in cattle but also represents a public health risk due to its zoonotic nature. This study aimed to explore the clinical and pathological findings of pulmonary linguatulosis in a rabbit. The most striking clinical findings in the deceased rabbits were wheezing and labored breathing. Grossly, the most prominent morphological changes in the lungs were well -circumscribed, flat or slightly raised, solitary grayish -white nodular lesions, and consolidated areas. The characteristically tongue -shaped developmental forms of parasites were observed on the cut surface of the lung. Histopathologically, the most noticeable morphological changes in the lung parenchyma were diffuse thickening of the inter -alveolar septum, fibrinoid necrotic vasculitis, medial smooth muscle cells hypertrophy of the arteries, alveolar emphysema, longitudinal and transverse sections of L. serrata nymphs and extra -medullary hematopoietic foci (megakaryocytes). The morphological appearance of the nymphs showed multiple transverse grooves, saw -like cuticles, peri-buccal hooks and acidophilic glands. In conclusion, these findings reveal the etiopathological diagnosis of linguatulosis and suggest that the lungs might be a target organ in addition to the liver and lymph nodes. (c) 2024 Urmia University. All rights reserved.
Chemopreventive Efficacy of Juniper Berry Oil (Juniperus Communis L.) on Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rat
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Yaman, Turan; Uyar, Ahmet; Komuroglu, Ahmet Ufuk; Keles, Omer Faruk; Yener, Zabit
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemopreventive effects of juniper berry (JB) oil on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were allocated into four groups: Control, AOM, AOM?+?JB, and JB groups. Whereas the control group was fed with standard pellet feed, the AOM and AOM?+?JB groups were administered of AOM (15?mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously once every 2 weeks for 10?weeks. AOM?+?JB and JB groups additionally received JB oil (100??l/kg) orally. At the end of the 16-week experimental period, blood and tissue samples were obtained from the rats following necropsy. The macroscopic findings showed that the application of JB oil significantly decreased adenoma and adenocarcinoma formation both numerically and dimensionally. Immunohistochemically, CEA, COX-2, and Ki-67 immune-expressions decreased, and the immune-expression of caspase-3 increased in AOM?+?JB treated rats. Additionally, JB oil supplementation ameliorated antioxidant defense systems and lipid peroxidation within the colon tissue of AOM?+?JB treated rats. These results reveal that the JB oil acted as a chemopreventive dietary agent, inhibiting cell proliferation and COX-2 expression and inducing apoptosis, resulting in a significant reduction in colon tumor formation.
Comparison of the Protective Effects of Curcumin and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Against Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity
(Wiley, 2021) Huyut, Zubeyir; Alp, Hamit Hakan; Yaman, Turan; Keles, Omer Faruk; Yener, Zabit; Turkan, Fikret; Ayengin, Kemal
Whether testicular toxicity is mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is an important question that has not been examined. This study investigated the suppressive effect of curcumin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and whether MMPs mediate doxorubicin (DOX)-induced testicular injury. Male rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 8 per group). The groups were as follows: sham, dimethyl sulphoxide (100 mu L), DOX (3 mg/kg), CAPE (2.68 mg/kg), curcumin (30 mg/kg), DOX+CAPE (3 mg/kg DOX and 2.68 mg/kg CAPE), DOX+curcumin (3 mg/kg DOX and 30 mg/kg curcumin) and DOX+CAPE+curcumin (3 mg/kg DOX, 2.68 mg/kg CAPE and 30 mg/kg curcumin). Injections were administered daily for 21 days. The oxidative stress, MMPs, proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers in the DOX group were higher than the sham group (p < .05); these measures were lower in the groups treated with CAPE and curcumin together with DOX compared with the DOX group (p < .05). The results showed that MMPs mediated DOX-induced testicular injury, but CAPE and especially curcumin suppressed testis injury and cell apoptosis by suppressing DOX-induced increases in MMPs, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. However, curcumin exhibited more pronounced effects than CAPE in terms of all studied parameters.
Congenital Extraneural Hemangioblastoma in a Lamb
(Sage Publications inc, 2019) Yaman, Turan; Karasu, Abdullah; Uyar, Ahmet; Kuscu, Yagmur; Keles, Omer Faruk
A 1-mo-old Ivesi male lamb was presented with 2 large red masses on the skin of the left ear. The tumors were removed using gentle dissection and submitted for histologic evaluation. The tumors consisted of numerous thin-walled capillaries lined by endothelial cells and nests of stromal cells. Immunohistochemically, the endothelial cells were positive for CD45, and the stromal cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase. GFAP-positive cells were occasionally present within the tumor. Endothelial and stromal cells were negative for S100, CD34, CD31, and factor VIII-related antigen. The tumor had strong gross, microscopic, and immunohistochemical similarities with human extraneural hemangioblastoma.
Deneysel Omurilik Hasarı Oluşturulan Ratlarda Shilajitin Karaciğer ve Böbrek Üzerine Etkisinin Histopatolojik ve Biyokimyasal İncelenmesi
(2023) Akyol, Mehmet Edıp; Sancak, Tunahan; Okulmuş, Çağlar; Keles, Omer Faruk; Cetin, Eyup
Amaç: Bu çalışmada deneysel omurilik hasarı oluşturulan ratlarda shilajitin karaciğer ve böbrek üzerine olan etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada omurilik hasarı oluşturulan ratlara 150 mg/kg ve 250 mg/kg dozlarda 1., 2., ve 3. günlerde shilajit tedavisi uygulanmıştır. Uygulama sonrasında ratlar 14. günde sakrifiye edilerek kan, karaciğer ve böbrek dokuları alınmıştır. Bulgular: Karaciğer ve böbrek histopatolojik olarak incelendiğinde shilajitin yüksek dozlarının dokularda daha iyi koruyucu etkiye sahip olduğu düşük doz shilajitin ise kısmi düzeyde koruyucu etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Biyokimyasal analizde ise shilajit uygulanan grupların kontrol grubuna istinaden serum serum aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), laktat dehidrojenaz (LDH), kreatin kinaz (CK), kreatin ve üre konsantrasyonlarının daha düşük, albümin (ALB) ve total protein (TP) konsantrasyonlarının ise daha yüksek çıkmıştır (P aralığı: 0.05–0.001). Öneriler: Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada ratlarda spinal kord hasarı sonrasında Shilajit uygulamasının antiinflamatuar özelliği ile karaciğer ve böbrekte lezyon oluşumunu önemli ölçüde baskıladığı histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal olarak ortaya konmuştur.
Detection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Pasteurella Multocida, and Mannheimia Haemolytica by Immunohistochemical Method in Naturally-Infected Cattle
(Walter de Gruyter Gmbh, 2018) Yaman, Turan; Buyubayram, Huseyin; Ozyildiz, Zafer; Terzi, Funda; Uyar, Ahmet; Keles, Omer Faruk; Yener, Zabit
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the predisposing effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) on Pasteurella spp. infection in naturally-induced pneumonia in cattle by immunohistochemical labelling. Material and Methods: Lungs of cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouse were examined macroscopically, and 100 pneumonic samples were taken. The samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin by routine methods. Sections 5 mu m in thickness were cut. The streptavidin-peroxidase method (ABC) was used to stain the sections for immuno-histochemical examination. Results: BRSV antigens were found in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoles and within inflammatory cell debris and inflammatory exudate in bronchial lumens. Pasteurella spp. antigens were detected in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of bronchi and bronchioles, and in cells in the lumens of bronchi and bronchioles. Eleven cases were positive for only one pathogen (six for BRSV and five for Pasteurella spp.), while 35 cases were positive for 2 pathogens: BRSV plus P. multocida (n = 21) or M. haemolytica (n = 14). Conclusion: The presence of high levels of BRSV in dual infections indicates that BSRV may be the main pneumonia-inducing agent and an important predisposing factor for the formation of Pasteurella spp. infections in cattle naturally afflicted with pneumonia.
The Effect of Selenium Against Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: The Role of the Trpm2 Channel
(Mdpi, 2025) Keles, Omer Faruk; Bayir, Mehmet Hafit; Cicek, Haci Ahmet; Ahlatci, Adem; Yildizhan, Kenan
This study investigated the protective effect of selenium (Se) in a cadmium (Cd)-induced nephrotoxicity model in rats and the role of the TRPM2 channel in this mechanism. For this purpose, Cd (25 mg/kg orally), Se (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a TRPM2 channel antagonist, (3 mg/kg i.p.) were administered to rats every day for 5 days. At the end of the study, kidney tissues were analysed using histological and biochemical methods. A histopathological examination revealed congestion, tubular degeneration, necrosis, and glomerular adhesion in the Cd group. However, these lesions were significantly reduced in the Cd + Se and Cd + 2-APB groups, while the Cd + Se + 2-APB group showed a histological appearance similar to the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Caspase-3, Bax, and TRPM2 expression was higher in the Cd group, while these levels were lower in the Se and 2-APB treatment groups (p < 0.05). Among the groups that received Cd, urea, creatinine, TOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta levels were at the highest level in the Cd group, while TAS level was at the lowest level (p < 0.05). The Se and 2-APB treatment modulated these parameters; however, Se + 2-APB treatment reduced urea, creatinine, TOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta levels to the lowest level compared to the Cd groups and brought the TAS level closer to the control group (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that targeting TRPM2 channel inactivation together with the selenium treatment could alleviate Cd-induced nephrotoxicity.
The Effect of Theranekron on Femur Fracture Healing in an Experimental Rat Model
(Turkish Joint Diseases Foundation, 2022) Guven, Necip; Ozkan, Sezai; Turkozu, Tulin; Koc, Serap; Keles, Omer Faruk; Yener, Zabit; Karasu, Abdullah
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the radiological, biomechanical, histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of Theranekron on fracture healing in an experimental rat model. Materials and methods: Forty-eight male albino Wistar rats were used. Four groups were formed, with 12 rats in each of Theranekron groups 1 and 2, and control groups 1 and 2. After a fracture was created in the right femur of the rats included in the study, fixation was performed with an intramedullary Kirschner wire. Theranekron was administered subcutaneously to Theranekron groups 1 and 2 at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg on days 0, 5 and 10. After radiographic analysis of the femurs of Theranekron group 1 and control group 1 rats at four weeks of the study was performed, both groups were divided into two equal subgroups (six femurs in each group). Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed in one subgroup and biomechanical examination in the other subgroup. At the end of six weeks, the rats in Theranekron group 2 and control group 2 were evaluated after applying the same procedure as in the fourth week. Results: When the mean radiological scores of the Theranekron and control groups were compared, a statistically significant difference was found in favor of the Theranekron group at four and six weeks (p=0.028 and p=0.006, respectively). At four weeks, statistically significant higher biomechanical forces were obtained in the Theranekron group compared to the control group (p=0.030). In the histopathological evaluation, the inflammation value of the control group at four weeks was statistically significantly higher than the Theranekron group (p=0.027). The angiogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, and bone formation values of the Theranekron group were significantly higher than the control group (p=0.014, p=0.014, and p=0.005, respectively). At six weeks, the bone formation values of the Theranekron group were statistically significantly higher than the control group (p=0.021). The difference between the Theranekron group and the control group scores of the immunohistochemical evaluation were statistically significantly different at four and six weeks (p=0.006 and p=0.011, respectively). Conclusion: Theranekron may play a role in accelerating fracture healing by reducing acute inflammation process in the early period of fracture union, increasing fracture strength, angiogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, and bone formation.
The Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Liver Injury in Rats With Experimental Sepsis: a Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study
(Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2025) Keles, Omer Faruk; Kaplan, Havva Sayhan; Cicek, Haci Ahmet; Palabiyik, Onur; Yener, Zabit
BACKGROUND: In the rat sepsis model, the protective effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in sepsis-induced tissue injuries by reducing inflammation is still unclear. Research is ongoing to determine whether Dex modulates sepsis-induced tissue injury. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of Dex on liver injury in sepsis rats histopathologically and immunohistochemically. METHODS: In this study, sepsis was induced in rats by a 10 ml/kg E. coli injection, and the protective efficacy of Dex against liver damage was investigated through histopathological and immunohistochemical findings by the intraperitoneal administration of 100 mu g/ kg Dex. RESULTS: In our results, the most striking and basic morphological changes in the liver tissues of sepsis group rats were neutrophil leukocyte infiltrations in and around the vessels. In Dex-treated groups, neutrophil leukocyte infiltrations were more prominent, and marked dilatations were observed in the vessels. The fact that inflammatory reactions were more prominent in the Dex-treated groups was thought to be related to the increase in vascular permeability due to Dex's vasodilation effect. CONCLUSION: According to the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings obtained in the present study, we conclude that Dex did not alleviate sepsis-induced liver inflammation in a rat sepsis model.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Inflammatory Reaction and Interleukins in Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas
(Urmia Univ, 2023) Karakurt, Emin; Coskun, Nuvit; Beytut, Enver; Keles, Omer Faruk; Dag, Serpil; Yilmaz, Volkan; Kurtbas, Emre
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the association between inflammatory reaction of tumoral microenvironments with interleukin responses in ovine pulmonary adenocarcinomas (OPAs). Material of the study consisted of 26 sheep lung tissue samples being brought to the Pathology Department for routine diagnosis. Cases were collected between years 2009 -2021; pre-diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, anamnesis and gross lesion of the lungs. These tissues were designated in two groups as control (n = 6) and OPA (n = 20) groups. Choice of immunohistochemical staining was avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to confirm Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus from paraffin-embedded tissues. On gross examination of OPAs, lesions seen were mostly in the caudal lobes of the lung, 1.00 -2.00 cm in diameter as gray-white consolidated foci and in microscopic observation, tumor cells showed acinar, papillary or mixed growths. No expressions of interleukin (2 and 8) were observed in the control group. All OPAs cases were positive for interleukins (2 and 8) expressions. A total of eight tissue samples were detected as positives through RT-PCR. In conclusion, in this study, it was determined that interleukin-2 and interleukin-8 were produced from tumor microenvironment elements, especially tumor -associated macrophages, and these interleukins showed pro-inflammatory effects. Interleukins and the inflammatory reaction may promote the development of OPA.(c) 2023 Urmia University. All rights reserved.
Examination of Sheep in Which Injection of Yeldif® Induced Sudden Death
(Polish Soc veterinary Sciences Editorial office, 2017) Uyar, Ahmet; Yener, Zabit; Basbugan, Yildiray; Keles, Omer Faruk; Yaman, Turan
Two breeders from the Baskale district of the Van province and the Hizan district of the Bitlis province reported deaths of their lambs one day after injection of a commercial preparation containing a combination of Se and Vit E (Yeldif (R)). Purulent-hemorrhagic-necrotic myositis was detected at the injection site during necropsy of the lambs (2 animals) brought to the Pathology Department of our Faculty by these breeders. This study was conducted to determine whether these post-injection deaths occurred as a result of the drug used or due to a faulty application of the medicine by the breeders. The trial period for this study was 1 week. Eighteen 2-month-old lambs were used in this study. The lambs were divided into three groups (control and 2 study groups) of 6 lambs each. An injection of 1 ml (recommended dose) of the product purchased in the market from the same batch as the one that had caused the deaths was administered I.M. to lambs in the control group. The medicine reported to have caused the deaths by the breeders was administered to the first study group (A) at 1 ml I.M. and to the second study group (B) at 3 ml I.M. (three times the recommended dose). The lambs were bled for biochemical analysis before the administration, on the first day after the administration, and at the end of the trial. Necropsies were performed on dead animals during the trial and on all animals at the end of the trial. At the end of the trial, no clinical-pathological findings were noted in lambs of the control group and group A. However, in all lambs of group B, emphysematous gangrene was detected at the injection site. Cl. chauvoei was isolated and identified in bacteriological and cultural examinations. It was concluded that bacterial contamination occurred as a result of incorrect drug administration by the breeders and injection of a high dose of the contaminated drug.
Experimental Evaluation of Timing and Preference of Surgical Intervention for Crush Syndrome in Disaster Scenarios: Fasciotomy or Amputation? a Rat Model Study
(BMC, 2025) Kaya, Sehmuz; Unal, Yunus Can; Guven, Necip; Dundar, Abdulrahim; Keles, Omer Faruk; Basbugan, Yildiray
Background Crush syndrome is a severe condition caused by the systemic effects of rhabdomyolysis due to prolonged muscle compression. Common in disasters like earthquakes, it poses life-threatening risks, including acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. Although surgical interventions such as fasciotomy and amputation are critical in its management, the optimal timing and criteria remain unclear. This study investigates the impact of surgical intervention timing on crush syndrome outcomes, providing guidance through the first experimental rat model evaluating fasciotomy and amputation post-injury. Methods Forty-eight Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups. Rhabdomyolysis was induced experimentally, followed by amputation or fasciotomy at 0, 12, or 24 h. The control group underwent rhabdomyolysis induction without surgery. Weekly urine samples were collected during the study, and blood, muscle, and kidney tissues were examined biochemically and histopathologically at the experiment's end. Data analysis focused on the systemic and tissue-specific effects of intervention timing. Results Early intervention groups (0 h) demonstrated minimal muscle inflammation and necrosis, preserved muscle fiber arrangement, and more pronounced regeneration. Late interventions (12 and 24 h) were associated with intense inflammation, necrosis, edema, and hemorrhage in muscle tissue. Immediate amputation (0 h) limited toxic metabolite effects, reducing kidney inflammation and damage. Late interventions showed increased interstitial nephritis and inflammatory cell infiltration in kidney tissue. Biochemical analyses revealed that urinary myoglobin levels decreased and renal function was preserved in the early intervention groups. Conclusions The timing of surgical intervention is critical in managing crush syndrome. Early amputation and fasciotomy minimized necrosis and inflammation in muscle tissue, supported tissue regeneration, and reduced systemic complications by preventing toxic metabolite accumulation in the kidneys. Early amputation particularly showed superior renal protection and lower systemic complication risks compared to late interventions. These findings highlight the importance of timely surgical action and provide valuable insights for developing effective treatment strategies in disaster settings. However, the descriptive nature of the study and the fact that the data obtained from the experimental model cannot be directly applied to clinical practice should be taken into account. Therefore, the findings should be supported by future clinical trials.
Geriatrik (3 Yaşlı) Erkek Ratlarda Üreme Parametrelerinin Araştırılması
(2023) Başbuğan, Yıldıray; Koşal, Volkan; Kömüroğlu, Ahmet Ufuk; Keles, Omer Faruk
Yaşlanmaya bağlı olarak pek çok sağlık sorunu görülmektedir. Bu sorunlardan biri de üreme sistemindeki problemlerdir. Üreme sistemi sorunlarına alt üriner sistem semptomları, prostat hastalıkları, düşük dölverimi, testis fonksiyon bozuklukları neden olur. Bu çalışmadaki amaç geriatrik (3 yaş) ve genç (3 aylık) sıçanların üreme parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması oldu. 3 yaşındaki bir rat ortalama 90-95 yaşındaki bir insana denk gelmektedir. Bu amaçla geriatrik (3 yaş) ve genç (3 aylık) ratlarda sperm analizi, testis ve prostat histopatolojisi, testiküler oksidatif stres parametreleri incelendi. Analiz sonuçlarında geriatric grupta sperm motilite oranının düştüğü (p<0.001), anormal sperm oranının arttığı (p<0.001), sperm yoğunluğunun azaldığı (p<0.001) belirlendi. İstatistiksel olarak geriatric grupta oksidatif stress parametrelerinin MDA, AOPP, T-SH seviyelerinin arttığı (p<0.05) ve CAT seviyesinin düştüğü (p<0.05) tespit edildi. Histopatolojik olarak geriatrik grupta tubulus seminiferous contortuslarda dejenerasyon, nekroz ve düzensiz dizilimler gözlendi. Geriatik grupta prostat bezinde hiperplazi ve dilatasyon tespit edildi. Bu çalışma verileri sonucunda geriatrik erkek ratlarda üreme performansının çok düşük olduğu ve üreme olasılığının çok zor olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Silymarin in Experimental Aflatoxicosis in Broiler Chickens
(Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias veterinarias, 2025) Keles, Omer Faruk; Huyut, Zubeyir
Aflatoxicosis, a mycotoxicosis caused by aflatoxins, poses significant economic challenges in animal husbandry and presents serious health risks to humans. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Silymarin, an antioxidant, against aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. A total of thirty-two broilers were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: control, Silymarin-treated, Aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1))-treated, and AFB(1)+Silymarin-treated. Broilers in control and Silymarin-treated groups were fed with a diet without Aflatoxin. AFB(1) and AFB(1)+Silymarin treated groups received approximately 1 mg of Aflatoxin/broiler/total for 21 days. AFB(1)+Silymarin group also received 10 g of Silymarin kg(-1) of food as a supplementation diet for 21 days. Biochemically, liver and serum TAS, SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and BcL-2 levels in the AFB1 group were lower than the control, while serum TOS, and serum and liver Caspase-3 levels were high (P<0.001). In addition, in the AFB(1)+Silymarin group, liver and serum GSH-Px, SOD and BcL-2, and serum CAT values were significantly higher than the AFB(1) group (P<0.001). Also, in the AFB(1)+Silymarin group, there was a slight increase in CAT level in liver samples compared to the AFB(1) group (P>0.05). Furthermore, TOS and Caspase-3 levels of both serum and liver in the AFB(1)+Silymarin group were low, while BcL-2 levels were quite high in serum samples compared to the AFB(1) group (P<0.001). Pathologically, the livers were larger and pale in the AFB1 group. Histopathological analysis of the AFB(1)-treated group revealed diffuse hydropic/vacuolar degeneration and fibrosis, characterized by the activation of perisinusoidal myofibroblastic (Ito) cells. These morphological changes were significantly reduced in the AFB1+Silymarin group. These findings indicate that Silymarin, with its strong antioxidant effect, may be effective against aflatoxicosis in preventing liver damage in broilers.
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Investigation of the Effect of Shilajit in Rats With Experimental Spinal Cord Injury
(Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2023) Cetin, Eyup; Sancak, Tunahan; Keles, Omer Faruk; Unlu, Ilker; Akyol, Mehmet Edip; Arabaci, Ozkan
BACKGROUND: This experimental study was designed to investigate the histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of Shilajit in rats with experimentally induced spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: The rats were divided into three groups: Control group: The group in which spinal cord damage was created but no drug was administered. Low-dose group: This is the group in which intraperitoneal Shilajit is given at a dose of 150 mg/kg at the 1st h, 1st day, 2nd day, and 3rd day after spinal cord damage was induced. High-dose group: This is the group in which intraperitoneal Shilajit is given at a dose of 250 mg/kg at the 1st h, 1st day, 2nd day, and 3rd day after spinal cord damage was induced. Thin sections taken from the spinal cord after euthanasia were sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS: Histopathological examination of the high-dose group showed lower amounts of morphological findings compared to the low-dose group and control group. While a significant CD68 immune reaction was observed in the control group of rats with spinal injury, the positive immune reaction was found to be significantly decreased in the Shilajit-applied groups. CONCLUSION: It is thought that the use of Shilajit in SCI will reduce the effects of secondary damage in SCI and that its administration to such patients will have positive effects on the results.
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Antidiabetic Effects of Heracleum Persicum Extract in Experimentally Diabetic Rats
(Assoc Pharmaceutical Teachers india, 2017) Yaman, Turan; Uyar, Ahmet; Celik, Ismail; Alkan, Elif Ebru; Keles, Omer Faruk; Yener, Zabit
Objective: This study aims to investigate the antioxidant properties and protective effects of Heracleum persicum (HP) extract in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Material and Methods: Forty-two Wistar albino male rats were divided into six groups including Control (C); Diabetes mellitus (DM); DM+Akarboz 20 mg/kg; DM+100 mg/kg HP extract (HP1); DM+200 mg/kg HP extract (HP2) and DM+400 mg/kg HP extract (HP3). Experimental diabetes was established by a single-dose [45 mg/kg, intra-peritoneal (i.p)] STZ injection. Essential dosages of HP extracts and Akarboz were applied with gastric gavage for 21 day. Results: In histopathological evaluation of the stained liver and kidney sections of diabetic rats showed degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration and hydropic degeneration and necrosis in tubulus epithelial cells, disorder of glomerular structure and lymphocyte infiltration. These histopathological changes were ameliorated in the HP-treated rats depending on the dose level. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) immunoreactivity was detected in hepatocytes of liver and tubule epithelial cells of kidney. We have shown that treatment with extracts of HP modulates GPx-1 expression in HP-treated rats. STZ-induced degenerative changes in beta-cells caused decreases in the number of functioning beta-cells and insulin immunoreactivity in the pancreas of the diabetic rats. The pancreas of HP-treated rats were improved and the number of immunoreactive beta cells were significantly increased. Conclusion: Our data suggests that the STZ-induced immunohistochemical and histopathological alterations could be prevented by HP extract probably due to possess the ability to regenerate beta-cells.
Histopathological Evaluation of the Anti-Obesity Effects of the Plant Kenger (Gundelia Tournefortii L.) in an Experimental Model of Obesity Induced in Rats
(2024) Bati, Bedia; Keles, Omer Faruk
Bu çalışmada, yüksek kalorili diyet ile deneysel obezite oluşturulan ratlarda, kenger (Gundelia tournefortii) bitki ektresinin antiobezite etkisinin histopatolojik olarak araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Wistar-Albino ırkı erkek ratlar, her grupta 10 rat olacak şekilde toplam 4 gruba Kontrol (K), Yüksek Kalorili Diyet (YK), Yüksek Kalorili Diyet + Gundelia tournefortii 200mg/kg (YKG1), Yüksek Kalorili Diyet + Gundelia tournefortii 400 mg/kg (YKG2) ayrıldı ve çalışma 3 ay süre ile yürütüldü. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, karaciğerlerden alınan doku örneklerinden yapılan histopatolojik analizler sonucunda; YK grubunda yağlanma ile hepatositlerin bazısında ise koagulasyon nekrozu izlenmiştir. Ayrıca YKG1 grubundaki ratların karaciğerlerinde YK grubunda olduğu gibi lopçukların periasiner bölgelerindeki hepatositlerde makro-mikroveziküler yağ vakuollerinin bulunduğu, ancak bu birikimlerin YK grubuna göre çok daha hafif olduğu gözlenmiştir. Diğer yandan, YKG2 grubunda histolojik görünümün kontrol grubuna yakın olmakla birlikte hepatositlerde çok seyrek olarak mikroveziküler yağ vakuollerinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; ratlarda yüksek kalorili diyet ile birlikte verilen kenger bitki ekstresinin, hepatoprotektif etkisinin olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.